PRIVATE PILOT Practical Test Standards for Powered Parachute Category and Weight-Shift-Control Aircraft Category

Foreword

FAA-S-8081-32A, Private Pilot Practical Test Standards for Powered Parachute Category and Weight-Shift-Control Category is published by the FAA to establish the standards for private pilot practical tests for parachute and weight-shift-control. FAA inspectors and designated evaluators shall conduct practical tests in compliance with these standards. Instructors and applicants should find these standards helpful in practical test preparation.

FAA-S-8081-32A supersedes FAA-S-8081-32, Private Pilot Practical Test Standards for Powered Parachute and Weight-Shift Control with change 1, dated December 2004.

Major Enhancements to Version FAA-S-8081-32A

Introduction

General Information

The FAA has developed the PTS for use by FAA inspectors and evaluators when conducting the practical test.

Throughout this PTS the following titles will be referred to as an evaluator: ASI, pilot examiner (other than administrative pilot examiners), TCE, chief instructor, assistant chief instructor, or check instructor of pilot school holding examining authority.

Information considered directive in nature is described in this PTS in terms such as “shall” and “must,” indicating the actions are mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms such as “should” and “may,” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive, but not mandatory. This PTS is available for download, in PDF format, from www.faa.gov.

Comments regarding this PTS may be emailed to acsptsinquiries@faa.gov.

PTS Concept

14 CFR part 61 specifies the subject areas in which knowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the applicant before the issuance of a certificate. The PTS contains the Areas of Operation and specific Tasks in which competency shall be demonstrated. The FAA will revise this PTS whenever it is determined that changes are needed in the interest of safety. Per 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43, adherence to the PTS is mandatory.

PTS Description

The Private Pilot—Powered Parachute and Weight-Shift-Control PTS include the Areas of Operation and Tasks for the issuance of an initial Private Pilot Certificate and for the addition of category and/or class ratings to that certificate.

Areas of Operation are phases of the practical test arranged in a logical sequence within this standard. They begin with Preflight Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The evaluator may conduct the practical test in any sequence that will result in a complete and efficient test; however, the ground portion of the practical test must be accomplished before the flight portion. Tasks are specific knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers appropriate to an Area of Operation. Note is used to emphasize special considerations required in the Area of Operation or Task. Reference identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the Task. Descriptions of Tasks are not included in the standards because this information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. Publications other than those listed may be used, for references if their content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced publications.

This PTS is based on the following references:

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration 14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors 14 CFR part 68 Requirements for Operating Certain Small Aircraft without a Medical Certificate 14 CFR part 71 Designation of Class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace Areas; Air Traffic Service Routes; and Reporting Points

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules

AC 61-67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training

AC 90-66 Non-Towered Airport Flight operations

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook

FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-5 Weight-Shift-Control Aircraft Flying Handbook FAA-H-8083-23 Seaplane, Skiplane and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Flying Handbook FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

FAA-H-8083-28 Aviation Weather Handbook

FAA-H-8083-29 Powered Parachute Flying Handbook

NOTAM Notice to Air Missions 49 CFR 830 NTSB: Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents and Incidents POH/AFM Pilot’s Operating Handbook/FAA-Approved Flight Manual

Other Aeronautical Navigation Charts

Aircraft Operating Limitations

FAA Operating Limitations

International-Inland

Chart Supplements

U.S. Navigation Charts

USCG Navigation Rules NOTE: Users should reference the current edition of the reference documents listed above. The current edition of all FAA publications can be found at: www.faa.gov.

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily performed to demonstrate competency in a Task. The Objective includes:

1. specifically what the applicant must be able to do;

2. the conditions under which the Task is to be performed;

3. the acceptable standards of performance; and 4. safety considerations, when applicable.

Abbreviations/Acronyms

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations AC Advisory Circular

AD Airworthiness Directive ADM Aeronautical Decision-Making AELS Aviation English Language Standard AFM Airplane Flight Manual

AGL Above Ground Level AIM Aeronautical Information Manual AKTR Airman Knowledge Test Report AMEL Airplane Multiengine Land

AMES Airplane Multiengine Sea ASEL Airplane Single Engine Land ASES Airplane Single Engine Sea ASI Aviation Safety Inspector ASOS Automated Surface Observing System ATC Air Traffic Control ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service AWOS Automated Weather Observing System CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain CG Center of Gravity

CRM Crew Resource Management FAA Federal Aviation Administration FSO Flight Standards Office GFA Graphic Forecasts for Aviation ID Identification LAHSO Land and Hold Short Operations METAR Meteorological Aviation Report (Routine) NOTAM Notice to Air Missions NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PPL Powered Parachute Land

PPS Powered Parachute Sea

POH Pilot’s Operating Handbook

PTS Practical Test Standard

RG Rotorcraft—Gyroplane

RH Rotorcraft—Helicopter SOP Standard Operating Procedures SRM Single-Pilot Resource Management SUA Special Use Airspace

TAF Terminal Area Forecast

TCE Training Center Evaluator TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions U.S. United States of America

USCG United States Coast Guard

VFR Visual Flight Rules

WSC Weight-Shift-Control

WSCL Weight-Shift-Control Land

WSCS Weight-Shift-Control Sea

Use of the PTS

The PTS has been designed to evaluate competency in both knowledge and skill. The FAA requires that all practical tests be conducted in accordance with the appropriate PTS. Applicants must be evaluated in all Tasks included in the Areas of Operation of the appropriate PTS unless otherwise noted.

An applicant, who holds at least a Private Pilot Certificate seeking an additional category rating and/or class rating at the private pilot level will be evaluated in the Areas of Operation and Tasks listed in the Additional Rating Task Table. At the discretion of the evaluator, an evaluation of the applicant's competence in the remaining Areas of Operation and Tasks may be conducted. If the applicant holds two or more category or class ratings at least at the private level, and the rating table indicates differing required Tasks, the “least restrictive” entry applies. For example, if “All” or “None” is indicated for one Area of Operation, the “None” entry applies. If “B” and “B, C” are indicated, the “B” entry applies.

In preparation for each practical test, the evaluator must develop a written “plan of action” for each practical test. The “plan of action” is a tool, for the sole use of the evaluator, to be used in evaluating the applicant. The plan of action need not be grammatically correct or in any formal format. The plan of action must contain all of the required Areas of Operations and Tasks and any optional Tasks selected by the evaluator. The “plan of action” must incorporate one or more scenarios that will be used during the practical test.

The evaluator should try to include as many of the Tasks into the scenario portion of the test as possible, but maintain the flexibility to change due to unexpected situations as they arise and still result in an efficient and valid test. Any Task selected for evaluation during a practical test is to be evaluated in its entirety.

The evaluator is not required to follow the precise order in which the Areas of Operations and Tasks appear in this PTS. The evaluator may change the sequence or combine Tasks with similar objectives to have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test. For example, lost procedures may be combined with radio navigation. The evaluator's “plan of action” should include the order and combination of Tasks to be demonstrated by the applicant in a manner that will result in an efficient and valid test. The evaluator is expected to use good judgment in the performance of simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means for simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local conditions (both meteorological and topographical) at the time of the test, as well as the applicant's workload and the condition of the aircraft used. If the procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that the applicant will simulate that portion of the maneuver.

Special Emphasis Areas

Evaluators must place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft operation considered critical to flight safety. Among these are:

1. positive aircraft control;

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying the aircraft);

4. wake turbulence avoidance;

5. runway incursion avoidance;

6. CFIT;

7. wire strike avoidance;

8. ADM and risk management;

9. checklist usage;

10. TFRs;

11. SUA;

12. Aviation security;

13. SRM and CRM;

14. LAHSO;

15. Stall/spin awareness (weight-shift-control); and 16. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical test.

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each Task, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will be related to the complete situation.

Private Pilot—Powered Parachute and Weight-Shift-Control Practical Test Prerequisites 14 CFR part 61, section 61.39 and subpart E, provide practical test and certification prerequisites.

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

14 CFR part 61, section 61.45 provides requirements for aircraft and equipment for the practical test.

Evaluator Responsibility

An evaluator is:

The evaluator must determine that the applicant meets AELS. An applicant for an FAA certificate or rating must be able to communicate in English in a discernible and understandable manner with ATC, pilots, and others involved in preparing an aircraft for flight and operating an aircraft in flight. This communication may or may not involve radio communications. An applicant for an FAA certificate issued in accordance with 14 CFR part 61 who cannot hear or speak due to a medical deficiency may be eligible for an FAA certificate with specific operational limitations. For additional information, reference AC 60-28, FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR parts 61, 63, 65, and 107, as amended.

If the applicant's ability to meet the FAA AELS comes into question before starting the practical test, the evaluator will not begin the practical test. An evaluator who is not an ASI1 will check the box, Referred to FSO for Aviation English Language Standard Determination, located on the bottom of page 2 of the applicant’s FAA form 8710-1, Application for an Airman Certificate and/or Rating. The evaluator will refer the applicant to the appropriate FSO.

If the applicant's ability to meet the FAA AELS comes into question after the practical test begins, an evaluator who is not an ASI will discontinue the practical test and check the box, Referred to FSO for Aviation English Language Standard Determination, on the application. The evaluator will also issue an FAA form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval of Application, with the comment “Does Not Demonstrate FAA AELS” in addition to any unsatisfactory Task(s).

1 ASIs may assess an applicant’s English language proficiency in accordance with FAA Order 8900.1.

In either case, the evaluator must complete and submit the application file through normal application procedures and notify the appropriate FSO of the referral.

The evaluator conducting the practical test is responsible for determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of knowledge and skill of each Task within the appropriate PTS. Since there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill" portions of the practical test, this becomes an ongoing process throughout the test. Oral questioning, to determine the applicant’s knowledge of Tasks and related safety factors, should be used judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the practical test.

Evaluators must test to the greatest extent practicable the applicant's correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts throughout the practical test.

If the evaluator determines that a Task is incomplete, or the outcome uncertain, the evaluator may require the applicant to repeat that Task, or portions of that Task. This provision has been made in the interest of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repeating of an unsatisfactory task is permitted during the certification process.

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the evaluator must evaluate the applicant's use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures.

Flight Instructor Responsibility

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the private pilot applicant to acceptable standards in all subject matter areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the Tasks within the appropriate PTS.

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to learners. Additionally, the flight instructor must certify that the applicant is able to perform safely as a private pilot and is competent to pass the required practical test.

Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning, collision avoidance, and runway incursion avoidance procedures. These areas are covered, in part, in AC 90-48, Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance; FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge; and the Aeronautical Information Manual.

Satisfactory Performance

14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(a), describes satisfactory completion of the practical test for a certificate or rating.

Unsatisfactory Performance

If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the applicant does not meet the standards of performance of any Task performed, the associated Area of Operation is failed and, therefore, the practical test is failed. 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(c)-(f) provides additional unsatisfactory performance requirements and parameters.

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification are:

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers.

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives.

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded. When a disapproval notice is issued, the evaluator will record the applicant's unsatisfactory performance in terms of Area of Operations and specific Task(s) not meeting the standard appropriate to the practical test conducted. The Area(s) of Operation/Task(s) not tested and the number of practical test failures must also be recorded. If the applicant fails the practical test because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval must indicate the associated Task.

Letter of Discontinuance

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than unsatisfactory performance (e.g., equipment failure, weather, or illness) FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and, if applicable, the AKTR, is to be returned to the applicant. The evaluator at that time prepares, signs, and issues a Letter of Discontinuance to the applicant. The Letter of Discontinuance should identify the Areas of Operation and their associated Tasks of the practical test that were successfully completed. The applicant should be advised that the Letter of Discontinuance must be presented to the evaluator when the practical test is resumed and made part of the certification file.

ADM, Risk Management, CRM, and SRM

Throughout the practical test, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s ability to use sound aeronautical decision-making procedures in order to identify hazards and mitigate risk. The evaluator must accomplish this requirement by developing scenarios that incorporate and combine Tasks appropriate to assessing the applicant’s risk management in making safe aeronautical decisions. For example, the evaluator may develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and performance planning. In assessing the applicant’s performance, the evaluator should take note of the applicant’s use of CRM and, if appropriate, SRM. CRM/SRM is the set of competencies that includes situational awareness, communication skills, teamwork, task allocation, and decision-making within a comprehensive framework of SOP. SRM specifically refers to the management of all resources onboard the aircraft, as well as outside resources available to the single-pilot.

If an applicant fails to use ADM, including CRM/SRM, as applicable in any Task, the evaluator will note that Task as failed.

Applicant's Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific Task being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the checklist while accomplishing the elements of the Objective would be either unsafe or impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. In this case, a review of the checklist , after the elements have been accomplished, would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper visual scanning would be considered when using a checklist.

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate the applicant's ability to utilize proper control techniques while dividing attention both inside and/or outside the flight deck, the evaluator should simulate a realistic distraction during the flight portion of the practical test to evaluate the applicant's ability to divide attention while maintaining safe flight.

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls

During flight, there must always be a clear understanding between pilots of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, a briefing should be conducted that includes the procedure for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step process, subsequently described, in the exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended. When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, they will say, “You have the flight controls.” The other pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The first pilot again says, “You have the flight controls.” When control is returned to the first pilot, follow the same procedure. A visual check is recommended to verify that the exchange has occurred. There should never be any doubt as to who is flying the aircraft.

SECTION 1 PRIVATE PILOT POWERED PARACHUTE (PPL and PPS)

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

APPOINTMENT WITH EVALUATOR:

EVALUATOR’S NAME: ____________________________

LOCATION: ____________________________________

DATE/TIME: _ _

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

Aircraft Documents:

Airworthiness Certificate

Registration Certificate

Operating Limitations

Aircraft Maintenance Records:

Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance/Safety of Flight Reports Pilot’s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Flight Manual, or Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

Current Aeronautical Charts

Flight Logs Current AIM, Chart Supplements, and Appropriate Publications PERSONAL RECORDS

Identification—Photo/Signature ID

Pilot Certificate

Medical Certificate or show compliance with14 CFR part 68 Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Application for an Airman Certificate and/or Rating AKTR

Logbook with Instructor's Endorsement FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval Application (if applicable) Evaluator’s Fee (if applicable)

EVALUATOR’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

POWERED PARACHUTE

APPLICANT’S NAME:

LOCATION:

DATE/TIME:

AREAS OF OPERATION

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. Certificates and Documents (PPL and PPS)

B. Airworthiness Requirements (PPL and PPS)

C. Weather Information (PPL and PPS)

D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (PPL and PPS)

E. National Airspace System (PPL and PPS)

F. Operation of Systems (PPL and PPS)

G. Aeromedical Factors (PPL and PPS)

H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (PPS)

I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine Navigation (PPS) J. Performance and Limitations (PPL and PPS)

K. Principles of Flight (PPL and PPS)

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. Preflight Inspection (PPL and PPS)

B. Canopy Layout (PPL and PPS)

C. Engine Warm Up/Starting (PPL and PPS)

D. Flight Deck/Cart Management (PPL and PPS)

E. Taxiing (Canopy Inflated) (PPL)

F. Taxiing and Sailing (PPS)

G. Before Takeoff Check (PPL and PPS)

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals (PPL and PPS) B. Traffic Patterns (PPL and PPS) C. Airport and Seaplane Base Runway and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting (PPL and PPS)

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

A. Normal Takeoff and Climb (PPL and PPS) B. Normal Approach and Landing (PPL and PPS) C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (PPS) D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (PPS) E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (PPS) F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (PPS) G. Go-around/Rejected Landing (PPL and PPS) V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER A. Constant Attitude Turns (PPL and PPS) VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

A. Rectangular Course (PPL and PPS)

B. S-Turns (PPL and PPS) C. Turns Around a Point (PPL and PPS) VII. NAVIGATION A. Flight Preparation and Planning (PPL and PPS) B. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (PPL and PPS) C. Diversion (PPL and PPS)

D. Lost Procedures (PPL and PPS)

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (PPL and PPS) B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (PPL and PPS) C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (PPL and PPS) IX. NIGHT OPERATIONS

A. Night Preparation (PPL and PPS)

X. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (PPL and PPS) B. Anchoring (PPS)

C. Docking and Mooring (PPS)

D. Ramping/Beaching (PPS)

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLE

NOTE 1: This table is used by the evaluator in developing their plan of action for a practical test. The evaluator may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that they deem necessary to ensure the pilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System.

NOTE 2: The evaluator shall select at least two takeoff and landings and the go-around maneuver (see: Area of Operation IV).

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLE

Note 1: This table is used by the evaluator in developing their plan of action for a practical test. The evaluator may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that they deem necessary to ensure the pilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System.

Note 2: The evaluator shall select at least two takeoffs and landings and the go-around maneuver (see: Area of Operation IV).

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM/FAA Operating Limitations.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining— a. private pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and currency requirements.

c. pilot logbook or flight records.

2. Locating and explaining— a. airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and flight manual information.

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Operating Limitations. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining— a. required instruments and equipment for day or night VFR.

b. procedures and limitations for determining if the aircraft, with inoperative instruments and/or equipment, is airworthy or in condition for safe operation.

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit.

2. Explaining— a. airworthiness directives/safety of flight reports, compliance records. (As applicable to the aircraft brought for flight test.)

b. maintenance/inspection requirements and appropriate record keeping.

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real-time weather information appropriate to the aircraft by analyzing the following weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various sources, such as— a. METAR, TAF, and GFA.

b. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports.

c. Other aviation sources of weather information.

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather information.

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; U.S. Navigation Charts; Chart Supplements; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight planning appropriate to the aircraft.

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features.

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and communication frequencies, if so equipped.

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; FAA-H-8083-29; U.S. Navigation Charts; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Basic VFR weather minimums, operating rules, pilot certification, and aircraft equipment requirements for the following classes of airspace— a. Class A.

b. Class B.

c. Class C.

d. Class D.

e. Class E.

f. Class G.

2. Special use and other airspace areas.

3. TFRs.

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the aircraft provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems, if applicable:

1. Canopy/riser and control system.

2. Flight instruments and engine instruments.

3. Landing gear.

4. Engine and propeller.

5. Fuel, oil, electrical and coolant system (if liquid cooled).

6. Avionics and auxiliary equipment, as installed.

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.

b. hyperventilation.

c. middle ear and sinus problems.

d. spatial disorientation.

e. motion sickness.

f. carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. stress and fatigue.

h. dehydration.

i. hypothermia.

H. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining:

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as— a. size and location.

b. protected and unprotected areas.

c. surface wind.

d. direction and strength of water current.

e. floating and partially submerged debris.

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals.

g. vessel traffic and wakes.

h. other features peculiar to the area.

2. Float and hull construction and their effect on seaplane performance.

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO MARINE NAVIGATION (PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine navigation by explaining:

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation.

J. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the effects of temperature, altitude, humidity, and wind.

2. Determines if weight and CG are within limits.

3. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the powered parachute's performance and limitations.

4. Explains the effects and hazards of high winds, referencing the ground speed, high rates of turn, and power requirements for making downwind turns in close proximity to the ground.

K. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine the applicant exhibits knowledge of at least three (3) of the following aerodynamic principles:

1. Aerodynamics with respect to steering.

2. Propeller/Engine Torque Compensation.

3. Pendulum effect in a powered parachute.

4. Load factor effects in level flight and turns.

5. Wing flaring characteristics.

6. Stability and controllability.

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.

B. TASK: CANOPY LAYOUT (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of canopy layout.

2. Verifies that the canopy and riser system is laid out properly and in condition for inflation.

C. TASK: ENGINE WARM UP/STARTING (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine starting/warm-up procedures.

D. TASK: FLIGHT DECK/CART MANAGEMENT (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight deck/cart management procedures.

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they are readily available.

E. TASK: TAXIING (CANOPY INFLATED) (PPL)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of taxiing with canopy inflated.

5. Avoids other aircraft and ground hazards.

6. Controls direction and speed for 100 feet of forward movement.

F. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; USCG Navigation Rules; International-Inland; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxi and sailing procedures.

3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxiing or sailing considering wind, water current, water conditions, and maritime regulations.

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique.

5. Uses flight controls, water rudder(s), and power correctly so as to follow the desired course while sailing.

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping.

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.

8. Complies with seaplane base signs, signals, and clearances.

G. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before-takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect malfunctions.

2. Reviews takeoff performance, takeoff distances, departure, and emergency procedures.

6. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic.

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS (PPL and PPS)

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested orally for procedures ONLY. REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-29; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications and ATC light signals.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with instructions.

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; AC 90-66; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns and shall include procedures at airports with and without operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.

2. Complies with proper local traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft.

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use.

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots, if applicable.

C. TASK: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane base, markings, and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base, markings and lighting.

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

A. TASK: NORMAL TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal takeoff and climb operations and rejected takeoff procedures.

2. Clears the area.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the flight deck/cart.

4. Makes smooth and appropriate throttle applications as the canopy transitions from ground pickup through maximum drag to taxi position.

5. Checks canopy, ensuring that all end cells are fully inflated and canopy is centered, lines are free and unobstructed, and in condition for takeoff.

6. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power. (PPS) 7. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift-off attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping. (PPS)

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb.

B. TASK: NORMAL APPROACH AND LANDING (PPL and PPS)

NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of minimizing crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. (PPS) 3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions, and selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and adjusts power as required.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the flair and touchdown.

8. Touches down smoothly. (PPS) 9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence and touchdown.

C. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPS)

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water takeoff and climb.

3. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift the powered parachute from the water considering surface conditions.

6. Establishes proper attitude.

7. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate of climb is established.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.

D. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (PPS)

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and adjusts power as required.

7. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude.

8. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence.

E. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPS)

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water takeoff and climb.

3. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate of climb is established.

6. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.

F. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (PPS)

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and adjusts power as required.

G. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around/rejected landing.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, after a positive rate of climb is established. (PPS) 5. Maneuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and avoid conflicting traffic, if appropriate.

6. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb.

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

A. TASK: CONSTANT ATTITUDE TURNS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to constant attitude turns.

4. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the evaluator.

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

NOTE: The evaluator shall select at least one TASK.

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-and-turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the rectangular reference area.

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet.

B. TASK: S-TURNS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns.

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line, considering all obstacles.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn on each side of the selected reference line.

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference line.

7. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet.

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn around the selected reference point.

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet.

VII.AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION

NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of this AREA OF OPERATION will be evaluated through oral testing.

A. TASK: FLIGHT PREPARATION AND PLANNING (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Chart Supplements; Aeronautical Navigation Charts; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight preparations and planning.

4. Describes coordination procedures with air traffic control, as appropriate.

B. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Chart Supplements; Aeronautical Navigation Charts.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead reckoning, as appropriate.

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols.

C. TASK: DIVERSION (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or landing area and route.

D. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary.

4. Identifies prominent landmarks.

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and or contacts an ATC facility for assistance, as appropriate.

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency approach and landing procedures.

4. Prepares for landing or go-around, as specified by the evaluator.

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, indications, and pilot actions for various systems and equipment malfunctions.

2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated emergencies appropriate to the powered parachute provided for the practical test for at least three (3) of the following:

b. engine roughness or overheat.

c. carburetor or induction icing.

d. fuel starvation.

e. electrical malfunction.

f. flight instrument malfunctions.

g. pitot/ static.

h. landing gear malfunction.

i. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire.

j. inadvertent prop strike.

k. any other emergency appropriate to the powered parachute.

3. Follows the appropriate checklist or procedure.

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment appropriate to the aircraft used for the practical test by describing— a. purpose of such equipment.

b. location in the aircraft.

c. method of operation.

d. servicing requirements.

e. method of safe storage.

2. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to survival gear by describing— a. survival gear appropriate for operation in various climatological and topographical environments.

b. location in the aircraft.

c. method of operation.

d. servicing requirements.

e. method of safe storage.

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: NIGHT OPERATIONS

A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to night operations by explaining:

1. Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision.

2. Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways, obstructions, and pilot-controlled lighting.

4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.

5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.

6. Safety precautions and emergencies unique to night flying.

X. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

NOTE: The evaluator shall select TASK A and for PPS applicants at least one other TASK.

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING (PPL and PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; POH /AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing, parking, and securing procedures.

5. Protects the canopy/riser system from the hot engine while stowing/securing.

B. TASK: ANCHORING (PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring.

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering powered parachute movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes.

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure powered parachute security.

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and mooring.

3. Ensures powered parachute security.

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (PPS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching.

SECTION 2 PRIVATE PILOT WEIGHT-SHIFT-CONTROL (WSCL and WSCS)

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

APPOINTMENT WITH EVALUATOR:

EVALUATOR’S NAME:

LOCATION:

DATE/TIME:

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

Aircraft Documents:

Airworthiness Certificate

Registration Certificate

Operating Limitations

Aircraft Maintenance Records:

Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance/Safety of Flight Reports Pilot’s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Flight Manual, or Manufacturer’s Operating Instructions PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

Current Aeronautical Charts

Computer and Plotter

Flight Plan Form

Flight Logs Current AIM, Chart Supplements, and Appropriate Publications PERSONAL RECORDS

Identification—Photo/Signature ID

Pilot Certificate

Medical Certificate or show compliance with 14 CFR part 68 Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Application for an Airman Certificate and/or Rating Airman Knowledge Test Report

Logbook with Instructor's Endorsement

FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)

Evaluator's Fee (if applicable)

EVALUATOR’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

APPLICANT’S NAME:

LOCATION:

DATE/TIME:

AREAS OF OPERATION

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. Certificates and Documents (WSCL and WSCS)

B. Airworthiness Requirements (WSCL and WSCS)

C. Weather Information (WSCL and WSCS)

D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (WSCL and WSCS)

E. National Airspace System (WSCL and WSCS)

F. Operation of Systems (WSCL and WSCS)

G. Aeromedical Factors (WSCL and WSCS)

H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (WSCS)

I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine Navigation (WSCS) J. Performance and Limitations (WSCL and WSCS)

K. Principles of Flight (WSCL and WSCS)

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. Assembly (WSCL and WSCS)

B. Wing Tuning (WSCL and WSCS)

C. Preflight Inspection (WSCL and WSCS)

D. Flight Deck/Cart Management (WSCL and WSCS)

E. Engine Starting (WSCL and WSCS)

F. Taxiing (WSCL)

G. Taxiing and Sailing (WSCS)

H. Before Takeoff Check (WSCL and WSCS)

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals (WSCL and WSCS) B. Traffic Patterns (WSCL and WSCS) C. Airport and Seaplane Base Runway and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting (WSCL and WSCS)

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb (WSCL and WSCS) B. Power-On and Crosswind Approach and Landing (WSCL and WSCS) C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS)

D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (WSCS)

E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (WSCS)

F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (WSCS)

G. Steep Approach to a Landing (WSCL and WSCS)

H. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (WSCL and WSCS)

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

A. Steep Turns (WSCL and WSCS)

B. Energy Management (WSCL and WSCS)

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

A. Rectangular Course (WSCL and WSCS)

B. S-Turns (WSCL and WSCS)

C. Turns Around a Point (WSCL and WSCS) VII. NAVIGATION A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (WSCL and WSCS) B. Diversion (WSCL and WSCS)

C. Lost Procedures (WSCL and WSCS)

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (WSCL and WSCS) B. Power-off Stalls (WSCL and WSCS) C. Whip Stall and Tumble Awareness (WSCL and WSCS) IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (WSCL and WSCS) B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (WSCL and WSCS) C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (WSCL and WSCS) X. NIGHT OPERATIONS

A. Night Preparation (WSCL and WSCS)

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (WSCL and WSCS) B. Anchoring (WSCS)

C. Docking and Mooring (WSCS)

D. Ramping/Beaching (WSCS)

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLE

NOTE: This table is used by the evaluator in developing their plan of action for a practical test. The evaluator may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that they deem necessary to ensure the pilot can operate the aircraft safely in the National Airspace System.

NOTE 2: The evaluator shall select at least two takeoffs and landings and the go-around maneuver (see: Area of Operation IV).

ADDITIONAL RATINGS TASK TABLE

NOTE: This table is used by the evaluator in developing their plan of action for a practical test. The evaluator may test additional TASKs not listed in the table that they deem necessary to ensure the pilot can operate the aircraft in the National Airspace System.

NOTE 2: The evaluator shall select at least two takeoff and landings and the go-around maneuver (see: Area of Operation IV).

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM/FAA Operating Limitations.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining— a. private pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and currency requirements.

c. pilot logbook or flight records.

2. Locating and explaining— a. airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and flight manual information.

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Operating Limitations. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining— a. required instruments and equipment for day VFR.

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of aircraft with inoperative instruments and equipment.

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit.

2. Explaining— a. airworthiness directives/safety of flight reports, compliance records. (As applicable to the aircraft brought for flight test.)

b. maintenance/inspection requirements and appropriate record keeping.

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-5; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real time weather information appropriate to the aircraft by analyzing the following weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various sources, such as— a. METAR, TAF, and GFA.

b. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports.

c. other aviation sources of weather information.

d. micrometeorology, gust fronts, rotors, and terrain features.

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; U.S. Navigation Charts; Chart Supplements; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight planning appropriate to the aircraft.

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features.

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and communication frequencies, if so equipped.

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; FAA-H-8083-5; U. S. Navigation Charts; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Basic VFR weather minimums, operating rules, pilot certification, and aircraft equipment requirements for the following classes of airspace— a. Class A.

b. Class B.

c. Class C.

d. Class D.

e. Class E.

f. Class G.

2. Special use and other airspace areas.

3. TFRs.

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the aircraft provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems, if applicable:

1. Flight controls and trim.

2. Water rudders, if applicable.

3. Powerplant and propeller, if applicable.

4. Landing gear.

5. Fuel, oil, hydraulic, and coolant system (if liquid cooled).

6. Electrical.

7. Avionics and auxiliary equipment (if installed).

8. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, as appropriate.

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.

b. hyperventilation.

c. middle ear and sinus problems.

d. spatial disorientation.

e. motion sickness.

f. carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. stress and fatigue.

h. dehydration.

H. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining:

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as— a. size and location.

b. protected and unprotected areas.

c. surface wind.

d. direction and strength of water current.

e. floating and partially submerged debris.

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals.

g. vessel traffic and wakes.

h. other features peculiar to the area.

2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on seaplane performance.

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO MARINE NAVIGATION (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine navigation by explaining:

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation.

J. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA- H-8083-25; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables and data, if appropriate, to determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding limitations.

2. Exhibits knowledge of the CG on weight-shift-control performance.

K. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; AFM/POH.

Objective. To determine the applicant exhibits knowledge of basic aerodynamics and principles of flight including:

1. Forces acting on a weight-shift-control in various flight maneuvers.

3. Loads and load factors.

4. Angle of attack, stalls and stall recovery, including flight situations in which unintentional stalls may occur.

5. Effects and use of flight controls including the purpose of each control and proper technique for use.

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: ASSEMBLY (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the demonstration of the WSC assembly is impractical, competency may be determined by oral testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the assembly procedures following the manufacturer’s procedures.

2. Selects a suitable assembly area and provides sufficient crewmembers for assembly.

4. Uses proper tools.

5. Handles components properly.

6. Cleans and lubricates parts, as appropriate.

7. Accounts for all tools and parts at the completion of assembly.

B. TASK: WING TUNING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to wing tuning procedures.

C. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.

D. TASK: FLIGHT DECK/CART MANAGEMENT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight deck/cart management procedures.

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they are readily available.

E. TASK: ENGINE STARTING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine starting procedures.

F. TASK: TAXIING (WSCL)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi procedures.

5. Complies with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC clearances, and instructions.

G. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; USCG Navigation Rules; International-Inland; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxiing and sailing procedures.

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique.

5. Uses flight controls, water rudder, and power correctly so as to follow the desired course while sailing.

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping.

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.

8. Complies with seaplane base signs, signals, and clearances.

H. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect malfunctions.

2. Positions the weight-shift-control aircraft properly considering other aircraft/vessels, wind and surface conditions.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the flight deck/cart.

4. Ensures that engine temperature is suitable for takeoff.

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the weight-shift-control aircraft is in safe operating condition.

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, departure, and emergency procedures.

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into takeoff position.

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested orally for procedures ONLY. REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications and ATC light signals.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with instructions.

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 90-66; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns and shall include procedures at airports with and without operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.

2. Complies with proper local traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft.

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use.

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots, if applicable.

C. TASK: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane base, markings and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base markings and lighting.

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/ AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and crosswind takeoff and climb operations and rejected takeoff procedures.

2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

(WSCS)

5. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift off attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping. (WSCS) 6. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to appropriate climb speed.

10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb.

B. TASK: POWER-ON AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and crosswind approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. (WSCS) 3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power, as required.

5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and touchdown.

8. Touches down smoothly at appropriate airspeed. (WSCL) 9. Touches down at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the weight-shift-control aircraft's flight path aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.

C. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCS)

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water takeoff and climb.

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering surface hazards and/or vessels and surface conditions.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

6. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift aircraft from the water considering surface conditions.

8. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate of climb is established. (WSCS) 9. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.

D. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCS)

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power, as required.

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, or speed recommended by the POH/AFM, +10/-5 knots and maintains a touchdown pitch attitude and descent rate from the last altitude reference until touchdown.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude and slows to idle taxi speed.

E. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCS)

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water takeoff and climb.

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering wind, swells surface hazards, and/or vessels.

4. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or excessive bouncing.

5. Lifts off at minimum airspeed and accelerates to best climb or speed recommended by the POH/AFM, +10/-5 knots before leaving ground effect.

6. Repositions the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate of climb is established. (WSCS) 7. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

8. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.

F. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCS)

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power, as required.

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, +10/-5 knots with wind gust factor applied.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control application during the roundout and touch down.

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and at the proper airspeed, considering the type of rough water.

9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence.

TASK: STEEP APPROACH TO A LANDING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

10. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep approach to a landing.

12. Demonstrates effective use of controls at the point from which a landing can be made using steep approach techniques.

13. Establishes a ground track aligned with the runway centerline and an airspeed that results in minimum float during the roundout.

14. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the recovery from the maneuvers, the roundout, and the touchdown.

15. Touches down smoothly at an appropriate speed, at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, with no side drift, and with the weight-shift aircraft’s ground track aligned with and over the runway centerline.

16. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing.

G. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go- around/rejected landing.

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb.

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

A. TASK: STEEP TURNS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns.

3. Rolls into a 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank.

4. Performs the task in opposite direction, as specified by the evaluator.

B. TASK: ENERGY MANAGEMENT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of energy management.

3. Controls altitude with coordinated power and pitch control.

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

NOTE: The evaluator shall select at least one TASK.

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-H-8083-5.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course.

3. Plans the maneuver to enter a left or right pattern, 400 to 800 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-and- turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the rectangular reference area.

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track.

B. TASK: S-TURNS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns.

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line.

3. Plans the maneuver to enter at 400 to 800 feet AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference line.

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-H-8083-5.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point.

3. Plans the maneuver to enter left or right at 400 to 800 feet AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn around the selected reference point.

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track.

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; Chart Supplements; Aeronautical Navigation Charts.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead reckoning, as appropriate.

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols.

B. TASK: DIVERSION (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or landing area and route.

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

2. Selects an appropriate course of action.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs if necessary.

4. Identifies prominent landmarks.

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and or contacts an ATC facility for assistance, as appropriate.

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS

A. TASK: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering during slow flight.

4. Accomplishes straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents specified by the evaluator.

B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALLS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls.

4. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10°, in turning flight, while inducing the stall.

5. Recognizes and recovers promptly after the stall occurs by simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to maximum allowable, and leveling the wing to return to a straight-and-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the weight-shift-control aircraft.

C. TASK: WHIP STALL AND TUMBLE AWARENESS (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: The applicant's knowledge of whipstall and tumble awareness shall be evaluated through oral testing only.

REFERENCES: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to whip stall and tumble awareness by explaining:

1. Elements related to whip stalls and tumbles.

2. Flight situations where unintentional whip stalls and tumbles may occur.

4. The likely results of executing a whip stall or tumble.

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency approach and landing procedures.

4. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.

5. Prepares for landing, or go-around, as specified by the evaluator.

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, indications and pilot actions for various systems and equipment malfunctions system and equipment malfunctions.

b. engine roughness or overheat.

c. carburetor or induction icing.

d. loss of oil pressure.

e. fuel starvation.

f. electrical malfunction.

g. flight instruments malfunction.

h. pitot/static.

i. landing gear malfunction.

j. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire.

k. inadvertent prop strike.

l. any other emergency appropriate to the weight-shift aircraft.

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment appropriate to the aircraft used for the practical test by describing— a. purpose of such equipment.

b. location in the aircraft.

c. method of operation.

d. servicing requirements.

e. method of safe storage.

2. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to survival gear by describing— a. survival gear appropriate for operation in various climatological and topographical environments.

b. location in the aircraft.

c. method of operation.

d. servicing requirements.

e. method of safe storage.

X. AREA OF OPERATION: NIGHT OPERATIONS

A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to night operations by explaining:

1. Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision.

2. Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways, obstructions, and pilot-controlled lighting.

3. Aircraft lighting systems.

4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.

5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.

6. Safety precautions and emergencies unique to night flying.

XI. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

NOTE: The evaluator shall select TASK A and for WSCS applicants at least one other TASK.

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, parking and securing procedures.

6. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the aircraft wing while exiting the aircraft, and properly securing the aircraft in high wind conditions.

B. TASK: ANCHORING (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring.

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering seaplane movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes.

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure the seaplane's security.

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and mooring.

3. Ensures seaplane security.

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching.