Private Pilot Practical Test Standards for Rotorcraft Category Gyroplane Rating

Foreword

FAA-S-8081-15B, Private Pilot Practical Test Standards for Rotorcraft Category Gyroplane Rating, is published by the FAA to establish the standards for the private pilot practical test for the rotorcraft category, gyroplane class. FAA inspectors and designated evaluators shall conduct practical tests in compliance with these standards. Instructors and applicants should find these standards helpful in practical test preparation.

FAA-S-8081-15B supersedes FAA-S-8081-15A, Private Pilot for Practical Test Standards for Rotorcraft Gyroplane with Change 1, dated July 2005.

Major Enhancements

Introduction

General Information

The FAA has developed the PTS for use by FAA inspectors and evaluators when conducting the practical test. Instructors should use this PTS when preparing applicants for practical tests. Applicants should be familiar with this PTS and refer to these standards during their training. Throughout this PTS the following titles: ASI, pilot examiner (other than administrative pilot examiners), TCE; or chief instructor, assistant chief instructor, or check instructor of pilot school holding examining authority, will be referred to as an evaluator.

Information considered directive in nature is described in this PTS in terms such as “shall” and “must,” indicating the actions are mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms such as “should” and “may,” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive, but not mandatory. This PTS is available for download, in PDF format, from www.faa.gov. Comments regarding this PTS may be emailed to acsptsinquiries@faa.gov.

PTS Concept

14 CFR part 61 specifies the subject areas in which knowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the applicant before the issuance of a certificate. The practical test standards contain the Areas of Operation and specific Tasks in which competency shall be demonstrated. The FAA will revise this PTS whenever it is determined that changes are needed in the interest of safety. Per 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43, adherence to the practical test standards is mandatory.

PTS Description

This PTS includes the Areas of Operation and Tasks for the issuance of an initial Private Pilot Certificate and for the addition of category and/or class ratings to that certificate. Areas of Operation are phases of the practical test arranged in a logical sequence within this standard. They begin with Preflight Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The evaluator may conduct the practical test in any sequence that will result in a complete and efficient test. However, the ground portion of the practical test must be accomplished before the flight portion. Tasks are titles of knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers appropriate to an Area of Operation. Note is used to emphasize special considerations required in the Area of Operation or Task. Reference identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the Task. Descriptions of Tasks are not included in the standards because this information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. Publications other than those listed may be used for references if their content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced publications.

These practical test standards are based on the following reference list:

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration 14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots and Flight Instructors and Ground Instructors 14 CFR part 67 Medical Standards and Certification 14 CFR part 71 Designation of Class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace Areas; Air Traffic Service Routes; and Reporting Points 14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook FAA-H-8083-21 Rotorcraft Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

FAA-H-8083-28 Aviation Weather Handbook

AC 91-55 Reduction of Electrical System Failures Following Aircraft Engine Starting AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

FDC NOTAMs National Flight Data Center Notices to Air Missions

Other Chart Supplements

Pertinent Pilot’s Operating Handbooks

Gyroplane Flight Manual

FAA-Approved Flight Manuals

Navigation Charts

Navigational Equipment Operations Manuals NOTE: Users should reference the current edition of the reference documents listed above. The current edition of all FAA publications can be found at: www.faa.gov.

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily performed to demonstrate competency in a Task. The Objective includes:

1. specifically what the applicant must be able to do;

2. the conditions under which the Task is to be performed; and

3. the acceptable standards of performance.

Acronyms/Abbreviations

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations

AC Advisory Circular

ADM Aeronautical Decision Making

AELS Aviation English Language Standards

AGL Above Ground Level

AIRMET Airman’s Meteorological Information

AKTR Airman Knowledge Test Report

AMEL Airplane Multiengine Land

AMES Airplane Multiengine Sea

ASEL Airplane Single-Engine Land

ASES Airplane Single-Engine Sea

ASI Aviation Safety Inspection

ATC Air Traffic Control

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service

AWOS Automated Weather Observation System

CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain

CRM Crew Resource Management

ETA Estimated Time of Arrival

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FCC Federal Communication Commission

FSO Flight Standards Office

GFA Graphical Forecasts for Aviation

ID Identification

MEL Minimum Equipment List

METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report

NOTAM Notice to Air Missions

PDF Portable Document Format

PTS Practical Test Standards

RH Rotorcraft-Helicopter

RPM Revolutions per Minute

SIGMETS Significant Meteorological Advisory

SOP Standard Operating Procedure

SRM Single-Pilot Resource Management

SUA Special Use Airspace

TAF Terminal Aviation Forecast

TCE Training Center Evaluator

TFR Temporary Flight Restriction

U.S. United States

VFR Visual Flight Rules

Use of the PTS

The PTS has been designed to evaluate competency in both knowledge and skill. The FAA requires that all practical tests be conducted in accordance with the appropriate PTS. Private pilot applicants must be evaluated in all Tasks included in the Areas of Operation of the appropriate practical test standard unless otherwise noted.

An applicant who holds at least a Private Pilot Certificate seeking an additional rotorcraft category rating and/or class rating at the private pilot level will be evaluated in the Areas of Operation and Tasks listed in the Additional Rating Task Table. At the discretion of the evaluator, an evaluation of the applicant's competence in the remaining Areas of Operation and Tasks may be conducted. If the applicant holds two or more category or class ratings at least at the private level, and the rating table indicates differing required Tasks, the “least restrictive” entry applies. For example, if “All” and “None” are indicated for one Area of Operation, the “None” entry applies. If “B” and “B, C” are indicated, the “B” entry applies.

In preparation for each practical test, the evaluator must develop a written “plan of action” for each practical test. The “plan of action” is a tool, for the sole use of the evaluator, to be used in evaluating the applicant. The plan of action need not be grammatically correct or in any formal format. The plan of action must contain all of the required Areas of Operation and Tasks and any optional Tasks selected by the evaluator. The “plan of action” must incorporate one or more scenarios that will be used during the practical test.

The evaluator should try to include as many of the Tasks into the scenario portion of the test as possible, but maintain the flexibility to change due to unexpected situations as they arise and still result in an efficient and valid test. Any Task selected for evaluation during a practical test is to be evaluated in its entirety. The evaluator is not required to follow the precise order in which the Areas of Operation and Tasks appear in this book. The evaluator may change the sequence or combine Tasks with similar objectives to have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test. For example, lost procedures may be combined with radio navigation. The evaluator's “plan of action” should include the order and combination of Tasks to be demonstrated by the applicant in a manner that will result in an efficient and valid test. The evaluator is expected to use good judgment in the performance of simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means for simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local conditions (both meteorological and topographical), at the time of the test, as well as the applicant's, workload, and the condition of the aircraft used. If the procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that the applicant will simulate that portion of the maneuver.

Special Emphasis Areas

Evaluators must place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft operation considered critical to flight safety. Among these are:

1. positive aircraft control;

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying the aircraft);

4. wake turbulence avoidance;

5. runway incursion avoidance;

6. CFIT;

7. wire strike avoidance;

8. ADM and risk management;

9. checklist usage;

10. TFRs;

11. SUA;

12. Aviation security;

13. SRM and CRM; and 14. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical test. Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each Task, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will relate to the complete situation.

Practical Test Prerequisites

14 CFR part 61, section 61.39 and subpart E, provide practical test and certification prerequisites.

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

14 CFR part 61, section 61.45, provides requirements for aircraft and equipment for the practical test.

Evaluator Responsibility

The evaluator must determine that the applicant meets FAA AELS. An applicant for an FAA certificate or rating must be able to communicate in English in a discernible and understandable manner with ATC, pilots, and others involved in preparing an aircraft for flight and operating an aircraft in flight. This communication may or may not involve radio communications. An applicant for an FAA certificate issued in accordance with 14 CFR part 61 who cannot hear or speak due to a medical deficiency may be eligible for an FAA certificate with specific operational limitations. For additional information, reference AC 60-28, FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR parts 61, 63, 65, and 107, as amended.

If the applicant's ability to meet the FAA AELS comes into question before starting the practical test, the evaluator will not begin the practical test. An evaluator who is not an ASI1 will check the box, Referred to FSO for Aviation English Language Standard Determination, located on the bottom of page 2 of the applicant’s FAA Form 8710-1, Application for an Airman Certificate and/or Rating The evaluator will refer the applicant to the appropriate FSO.

If the applicant's ability to meet the FAA AELS comes into question after the practical test begins, an evaluator who is not an ASI will discontinue the practical test and check the box, Referred to FSO for Aviation English Language Standard Determination, on the application. The evaluator will also issue a Notice of Disapproval of Application, FAA Form 8060-5 with the comment “Does Not Demonstrate FAA AELS” in addition to any unsatisfactory Task(s).

1 ASIs may assess an applicant’s English language proficiency in accordance with FAA Order 8900.1.

In either case, the evaluator must complete and submit the application file through normal application procedures and notify the appropriate FSO of the referral.

The evaluator conducting the practical test is responsible for determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of knowledge and skill of each Task within the appropriate practical test standard. Since there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill" portions of the practical test, this becomes an ongoing process throughout the test. Oral questioning, to determine the applicant’s knowledge of Tasks and related safety factors, should be used judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the practical test.

Evaluators must test to the greatest extent practicable the applicant's correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts throughout the practical test.

If the evaluator determines that a Task is incomplete, or the outcome uncertain, the evaluator may require the applicant to repeat that Task, or portions of that Task. This provision has been made in the interest of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repeating of an unsatisfactory task is permitted during the certification process.

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the evaluator must evaluate the applicant's use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures.

Flight Instructor Responsibility

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the private pilot applicant to acceptable standards in all subject matter areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the Tasks within the appropriate PTS.

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to students. Additionally, the flight instructor must certify that the applicant is able to perform safely as a private pilot and is competent to pass the required practical test.

Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning, collision avoidance, and runway incursion avoidance procedures. These areas are covered, in part, in AC 90-48, Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance; FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge; and the Aeronautical Information Manual.

Satisfactory Performance

14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(a), describes the satisfactory completion of the practical test for a certificate or rating.

Unsatisfactory Performance

If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not meet the standards of performance of any Task performed, the associated Area of Operation is failed and, therefore, the practical test is failed. 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(c) – (f) provides additional unsatisfactory performance requirements and parameters.

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification are:

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers.

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives.

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded. When a disapproval notice is issued, the evaluator will record the applicant's unsatisfactory performance in terms of Area of Operations and specific Task(s) not meeting the standard appropriate to the practical test conducted. The Area(s) of Operation/Task(s) not tested and the number of practical test failures must also be recorded. If the applicant fails the practical test because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval must indicate the associated Task (e.g.: Area of Operation VIII, Settling-With-Power, failure to use proper collision avoidance procedures).

Letter of Discontinuance

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than unsatisfactory performance (e.g., equipment failure, weather, or illness), FAA Form 8700-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and, if applicable, the AKTR, is to be returned to the applicant. The evaluator at that time prepares, signs, and issues a Letter of Discontinuance to the applicant. The Letter of Discontinuance should identify the Areas of Operation and their associated Tasks of the practical test that were successfully completed. The applicant should be advised that the Letter of Discontinuance must be presented to the evaluator when the practical test is resumed, and made part of the certification file. Aeronautical Decision-Making, Risk Management, Crew Resource Management, and Single-Pilot Resource Management Throughout the practical test, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s ability to use sound aeronautical decision-making procedures in order to identify hazards and mitigate risk. The evaluator must accomplish this requirement by developing scenarios that incorporate and combine Tasks appropriate to assessing the applicant’s risk management in making safe aeronautical decisions. For example, the evaluator may develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and performance planning. In assessing the applicant’s performance, the evaluator should take note of the applicant’s use of CRM and, if appropriate, SRM. CRM/SRM is the set of competencies that includes situational awareness, communication skills, teamwork, task allocation, and decision-making within a comprehensive framework of SOP. SRM specifically refers to the management of all resources onboard the aircraft, as well as outside resources available to the single pilot.

Applicant's Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific Task being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the checklist while accomplishing the elements of the Objective would be either unsafe or impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. In this case, a review of the checklist after the elements have been accomplished would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper visual scanning would be considered when using a checklist.

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate the pilot's ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the evaluator should cause a realistic distraction during the flight portion of the practical test to evaluate the applicant's ability to divide attention while maintaining safe flight.

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls

During flight, there must always be a clear understanding between pilots of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, a briefing should be conducted that includes the procedure for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step process, subsequently described, in the exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended. When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, he or she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The other pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The first pilot again says, “You have the flight controls.” When control is returned to the first pilot, follow the same procedure. A visual check is recommended to verify that the exchange has occurred. There should never be any doubt as to who is flying the aircraft.

Additional Rating Task Table Rotorcraft - Gyroplane

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist

Rotorcraft - Gyroplane

Appointment with Evaluator

Evaluator’s Name: ______________________________

Location: ______________________________________

Date/Time: ____________________________________

Acceptable Aircraft

Personal Equipment

Evaluator’s Practical Test Checklist Rotorcraft - Gyroplane Applicant's Name: ______________________________ Location: ______________________________________ Date/Time: ____________________________________ I. Preflight Preparation

II. Preflight Procedures

III. Airport Operations

V. Performance Maneuver

VI. Ground Reference Maneuvers

VII. Navigation

VIII. Flight at Slow Airspeed

Areas of Operation:

I. Preflight Preparation

Note: The evaluator shall develop a scenario based on real time weather to evaluate Tasks C, D, E, and F.

Task A: Certificates and Documents

References: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight Manual. Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining— a. private pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and recent flight experience requirements.

c. pilot logbook or flight records.

2. Locating and explaining— a. airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and gyroplane flight manual.

Task B: Airworthiness Requirements

References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining— a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR.

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of the gyroplane with inoperative instruments and equipment with and without an MEL.

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit.

2. Locating and explaining— a. airworthiness directives.

b. compliance records.

c. maintenance/inspection requirements.

d. appropriate record keeping.

Task C: Weather Information

References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28; AIM.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather information by analyzing weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various sources with emphasis on— a. METAR, TAF, and GFA.

b. surface analysis chart.

c. radar summary chart.

d. winds and temperature aloft chart.

e. significant weather prognostic charts.

f. AWOS, SIGMETs, and AIRMETs.

g. PIREPs.

h. windshear reports.

i. icing and freezing level information ASOS, and ATIS reports.

3. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather information.

Task D: Cross-Country Flight Planning

References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation Charts; Chart Supplements; NOTAMS; AIM. Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned VFR cross-country flight, as previously assigned by the evaluator. On the day of the practical test, the final flight plan shall be to the first fuel stop necessary, based on maximum allowable passengers, baggage, and/or cargo loads using real-time weather.

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features, including discussion of wire strike avoidance techniques.

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints.

5. Selects the most favorable altitudes, considering weather conditions and equipment capabilities.

7. Selects appropriate navigation systems/facilities and communication frequencies.

Task E: National Airspace System

References: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM.

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Basic VFR Weather Minimums – for all classes of airspace.

2. Airspace classes – their boundaries, pilot certification, and gyroplane equipment requirements for the following— a. Class A.

b. Class B.

c. Class C.

d. Class D.

e. Class E.

f. Class G.

4. Special use airspace and other airspace areas.

Task F: Performance and Limitations

References: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding limitations.

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed weight and center of gravity is within the gyroplane’s operating limitations and if the weight and center of gravity will remain within limits during all phases of flight.

3. Demonstrates the use of appropriate performance charts, tables, and data.

Task G: Operation of Systems

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the gyroplane provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems selected by the evaluator.

1. Primary flight controls and trim.

2. Powerplant.

3. Rotor, including prerotator/spin-up control, if applicable.

4. Landing gear, brakes, and steering.

5. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic.

6. Electrical.

7. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, if applicable.

9. Anti-icing, including carburetor heat, if applicable.

10. Avionics equipment.

Task H: Aeromedical Factors

References: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM.

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at least three of the following— a. hypoxia.

b. hyperventilation.

c. middle ear and sinus problems.

d. spatial disorientation.

e. motion sickness.

f. carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. stress and fatigue.

2. The effects of alcohol and drugs, including over-the-counter drugs.

Task I: Night Preparation

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM, Gyroplane Flight Manual. Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to night operations by explaining:

1. Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision.

3. Airplane lighting systems.

4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.

5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.

II. Preflight Procedures

Task A: Preflight Inspection

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a preflight inspection including which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.

Task B: Flight Deck Management

References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight deck management procedures.

3. Organizes and arranges material and equipment in an efficient manner so they are readily available.

4. Briefs the occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, propeller and rotor blade avoidance, and emergency procedures.

Task C: Engine Starting

References: AC 91-55; FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight Manual. Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine starting procedures. This shall include the use of an external power source, starting under various atmospheric conditions, awareness of other persons and property during start, and the effects of using incorrect starting procedures.

2. Positions the gyroplane properly considering structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and property.

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure.

Task D: Taxiing

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Gyroplane Flight Manual. Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended taxi procedures, including rotor blade management and the effect of wind during taxiing.

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the gyroplane begins moving.

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.

7. Properly positions the gyroplane for runup considering other aircraft, surface conditions, and if applicable, existing wind conditions.

Task E: Before Takeoff Check

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight Manual. Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking the items and how to detect malfunctions.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the aircraft.

4. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and ensures that the gyroplane is in safe operating condition.

5. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds and expected takeoff distance.

8. Utilizes proper rotor spin-up procedure.

III. Airport Operations

Task A: Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals

References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications and ATC light signals.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with instructions.

Task B: Traffic Patterns

References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns. This shall include procedures at airports with and without operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic.

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±5 knots.

Task C: Airport Markings and Lighting

References: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport runway and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport runway and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.

IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds

Task A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Note: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s knowledge of the crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing; otherwise, a crosswind takeoff and climb must be demonstrated.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and crosswind takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff procedures. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions.

3. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position, and aligns the gyroplane with takeoff path.

5. Maintains proper directional control during acceleration on the surface.

7. Accelerates to appropriate climb airspeed, ±5 knots.

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then sets climb power.

Task B: Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Note: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s knowledge of the crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing; otherwise, a crosswind takeoff and climb must be demonstrated.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and crosswind approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, ±5 knots.

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.

Task C: Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field takeoff and climb.

3. Positions the flight controls for existing wind conditions and to maximize lift as quickly as possible.

5. Clears the area; taxies onto the takeoff surface at a speed consistent with safety, without stopping, while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

6. Maintains proper directional control.

7. Lifts off and remains in ground effect while accelerating to recommended climb airspeed.

9. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, then sets climb power.

Task D: Soft-Field Approach and Landing

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field approach and landing.

3. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, ±5 knots.

4. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.

Task E: Short-Field Takeoff and Climb

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climb 2. Properly positions controls.

3. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM.

4. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the gyroplane for maximum utilization of available takeoff area.

5. Advances the throttle as required.

6. Climbs at manufacturer’s recommended airspeed, or in its absence at VX, ±5 knots until the obstacle is cleared, or until the gyroplane is at least 50 feet above the surface.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb.

Task F: Short-Field Approach and Landing

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to short-field approach and landing.

4. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, ±5 knots.

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.

Task G: Go-Around

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around and when it is necessary.

V. Performance Maneuver

A. Task: Steep Turns

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns.

2. Selects a safe altitude.

3. Establishes the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed or if one is not stated, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA.

4. Smoothly enters a coordinated steep 360° turn with a 40° bank.

7. Maintains the entry altitude, ±100 feet, airspeed, ±10 knots, bank, ±5°; and rolls out on the entry heading, ±10°.

VI. Ground Reference Maneuvers

Note: The evaluator shall select at least one Task.

Task A: Rectangular Course

Reference: FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course.

5. Divides attention between gyroplane control and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.

Task B: S-Turns

Reference: FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns.

2. Selects an appropriate reference line based on wind direction and emergency landing areas.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn on each side of the selected reference line.

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference line.

7. Maintains the entry altitude throughout the maneuver, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.

Task C: Turns Around a Point

Reference: FAA-H-8083-21.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius circle around the selected reference point with a bank of approximately 40° at the steepest point in the turn.

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.

VII. Navigation

Task A: Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

Reference: FAA-H-8083-25.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead reckoning.

7. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established heading, ±15°.

Task B: Navigation and Radar Services

References: FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation Equipment Operation Manuals. Note: If the gyroplane is not equipped with electronic navigation aids, competency will be evaluated through oral testing.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to navigation and ATC radar services.

7. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing ATC radar services.

Task C: Diversion

References: FAA-H-8083-25.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport and route.

3. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel consumption to the alternate airport.

4. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ± 200 feet and established heading, ±15°.

Task D: Lost Procedures

References: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; AIM.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs if necessary.

5. Uses available navigation aids and/or contacts an appropriate facility for assistance, if gyroplane is radio equipped.

6. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather and/or fuel exhaustion is impending.

VIII. Flight at Slow Airspeeds

Task A: Maneuvering at Slow Airspeeds

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering during slow flight.

2. Selects a safe altitude.

3. Establishes and maintains a specified airspeed +5, -0, in straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents as directed.

4. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet.

5. Maintains the specified heading during straight flight, ±10°.

7. Rolls out on specified headings, ±10°.

8. Divides attention between gyroplane control and orientation.

Task B: High Rate of Descent and Recovery

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aerodynamic factors associated with a high rate of descent and recovery and how this relates to actual approach and landing situations.

5. Promptly recovers with or without power as directed.

6. Maintains the specified heading, ±10°.

7. Resumes normal cruising flight.

IX. Emergency Operations

Note: Task B may be tested orally at the discretion of the evaluator. Tasks C through E are knowledge only items.

Task A: Emergency Approach and Landing

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency approach and landing with a power failure.

2. Establishes and maintains the appropriate airspeed, ±5 knots.

3. Selects a suitable landing area, considering the possibility of an actual forced landing.

5. Attempts to determine the reason for the simulated malfunction, if time permits.

Task B: Lift-Off at Low Airspeed and High Angle of Attack

Reference: Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lift-off at low airspeed and high angle of attack, including combination of conditions, which are likely to lead to this situation.

3. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM, if applicable.

4. Clears the area; taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the gyroplane with the takeoff path.

8. Accelerates to recommended climb airspeed, ±5 knots.

Task C: Ground Resonance

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a fully articulated rotor system and the aerodynamics of ground resonance.

2. Understands the conditions that contribute to ground resonance.

Task D: Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

Reference: Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, indications, and pilot actions for various systems and equipment malfunctions.

2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the gyroplane used for the practical test, in at least three of the following areas— a. engine/oil and fuel.

b. hydraulic, if applicable.

c. electrical.

d. carburetor or induction icing.

e. smoke and/or fire.

f. flight control/trim.

g. pitot static/vacuum and associated flight instruments, if applicable.

i. any other emergency unique to the gyroplane flown.

Task E: Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to the gyroplane and environment encountered during flight. Identifies appropriate equipment that should be aboard the gyroplane.

X. Postflight Procedures

Task A: After Landing, Parking, and Securing

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Gyroplane Flight Manual. Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, parking, and securing procedures.

6. Completes the appropriate checklist.

7. Conducts an appropriate post flight inspection and secures the aircraft.