Sport Pilot and Flight Instructors with a Sport Pilot Rating Practical Test Standards for Powered Parachute Category and Weight-Shift-Control Aircraft Category

Foreword

FAA-S-8081-31B, Sport Pilot and Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Practical Test Standards for Powered Parachute Category and Weight-Shift-Control Aircraft Category is published by the FAA to establish the standards for sport pilot practical tests and proficiency checks for the weight-shift-control, powered parachute, and flight instructor. Aviation safety inspectors and designated evaluators shall conduct practical tests in compliance with these standards. Instructors and applicants should find these standards helpful in practical test preparation.

FAA-S-8081-31B supersedes FAA-S-8081-31A, Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards for Weight Shift Control, Powered Parachute, and Flight Instructor.

Major Enhancements to Version FAA-S-8081-31B

TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS, D. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE

ENDORSEMENTS.

Introduction

General Information

This PTS has been published by the FAA to establish the standards for the knowledge and skills necessary for the issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate, Flight Instructor Certificate with a Sport Pilot Rating, Sport Pilot additional privileges to operate an additional category or class of aircraft and Flight Instructor additional privileges seeking to provide training in an additional category or class of aircraft at the sport pilot level.

Aviation safety inspectors, pilot examiners, and flight instructors shall conduct proficiency checks and practical tests in compliance with these standards. Flight instructors and applicants should find these standards helpful during training and when preparing for the practical test or proficiency check. The FAA has developed this PTS as the standard that shall be used by aviation safety inspectors and pilot examiners when conducting sport pilot and flight instructor with a sport pilot rating practical tests, and by authorized instructors when conducting proficiency checks.

Throughout this PTS, the following titles will be referred to as evaluators: ASI, pilot examiner (other than administrative pilot examiners), TCE, chief instructor, assistant chief instructor, check instructor of a pilot school holding examining authority, or authorized instructor.

A proficiency check is an evaluation of aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency in accordance with 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.321 or 61.419. A proficiency check must be administered using the appropriate PTS for the category of aircraft when a pilot or a flight instructor adds new category/class privileges. Upon successful completion of the proficiency check, the authorized instructor will endorse the applicant’s logbook, indicating the added category/class of equipment that the applicant is authorized to operate. When an evaluator conducts a proficiency check, they are acting in the capacity of an authorized instructor.

Pilot examiners must have the designation authority to conduct sport pilot initial evaluations and flight instructors with a sport pilot rating initial evaluations per FAA Order 8000.95, Designee Management Policy.

This PTS describes information considered directive in nature in terms such as “shall” and “must,” indicating that the actions are mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms such as “should” and “may,” indicating that the actions are desirable or permissive but not mandatory. This PTS is available for download, in PDF format, from www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards.

Comments regarding this PTS may be emailed to acsptsinquiries@faa.gov.

PTS Concept

14 CFR part 61 specifies the subject areas in which knowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the applicant before the issuance of a certificate. The practical test standards contain the Areas of Operation and specific Tasks in which competency shall be demonstrated. The FAA will revise this PTS whenever it is determined that changes are needed in the interest of safety. Per 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43, adherence to the practical test standards is mandatory.

PTS Description

This PTS contains the following:

Section 1—Sport Pilot Weight-Shift-Control

Section 2—Sport Pilot Powered Parachute

Section 3—Sport Pilot Flight Instructor (The flight instructor section contains a separate introduction in section 3.)

The PTS includes the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs for the issuance of an initial Sport Pilot Certificate and for the addition of sport pilot category/class privileges. It also contains information on how to obtain an initial Flight Instructor Certificate with a sport pilot rating and for the addition of flight instructor category/class privileges.

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test or proficiency check arranged in a logical sequence within each standard. They begin with Preflight Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The evaluator may conduct the practical test or proficiency check in any sequence that will result in a complete and efficient test. An authorized instructor may conduct a proficiency check in any sequence that will result in a complete and efficient test; however, the ground portion of the practical test or proficiency check must be accomplished before the flight portion.

TASKs are specific knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. The abbreviation(s) within parentheses immediately following a TASK refer to the appropriate class of aircraft. The meaning of each class abbreviation is as follows:

WSCL—Weight-Shift-Control—Land

WSCS—Weight-Shift-Control—Sea

PPCL—Powered Parachute—Land

PPCS—Powered Parachute—Sea

When administering a test using sections 1, 2, or 3 of this PTS, the TASKs appropriate to the class aircraft (WSCL, WSCS, PPCL, and PPCS) used for the test must be included in the plan of action. The absence of a class indicates the TASK is for all classes.

NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the AREA OF OPERATION or TASK. REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. Descriptions of TASKs are not included in these standards because this information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. Publications other than those listed may be used for reference if their content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced publications.

This PTS is based on the following references.

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration 14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors 14 CFR part 67 Medical Standards and Certification 14 CFR part 68 Requirements for Operating Certain Small Aircraft without a Medical Certificate 14 CFR part 71 Designation of class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace; Air Traffic Service Routes; and Reporting Points

14 CFR part 73 Special Use Airspace

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules

AC 60-22 Aeronautical Decision Making AC 60-28 FAA English Language Skill Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR Parts 61, 63, 65, and 107 AC 61-65 Certification: Pilot and Flight and Ground Instructors AC 61-67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training AC 61-134 General Aviation Controlled Flight Into Terrain Awareness AC 90-23 Aircraft Wake Turbulence

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance

AC 90-66 Non-Towered Airport Flight Operations

AC 91-69 Seaplane Safety for FAR Part 91 Operations Crew

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook

FAA-H-8083-2 Risk Management Handbook

FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-5 Weight-Shift Control Aircraft Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-9 Aviation Instructor’s Handbook

FAA-H-8083-13 Glider Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-15 Instrument Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-21 Helicopter Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-23 Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

FAA-H-8083-28 Aviation Weather Handbook

FAA-H-8083-29 Powered Parachute Flying Handbook

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

AFM Aircraft Flight Manual

NOTAM Notice to Airmen

Other Pilot Operating Handbook/FAA-Approved Flight

Manual Aeronautical Navigation Charts

Seaplane Supplement

Chart Supplements NOTE: Users should refer to the current editions of the reference documents listed above. The current editions of all FAA publications can be found at www.faa.gov.

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective includes:

1. specifically what the applicant must be able to do;

2. conditions under which the TASK is to be performed;

3. acceptable performance standards; and 4. safety considerations, when applicable.

Abbreviations/Acronyms

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations

AC Advisory Circular

ADM Aeronautical Decision Making

AGL Above Ground Level

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

AKTR Airman Knowledge Test Report

ATC Air Traffic Control

CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain

CRM Crew Resource Management

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

GFA Graphical Forecasts for Aviation

IACRA Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application

ID Identification

IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions

NOTAM Notice to Airmen

NTSB National Transportation Safety Board

PDF Portable Document Format

POH Pilot Operating Handbook

PPC Powered Parachute

PPCL Powered Parachute—Land

PPCS Powered Parachute—Sea

PTS Practical Test Standards

SOP Standard Operating Procedures

SRM Single-Pilot Resource Management

SS Single-Seat

SUA Special Use Airspace

TCE Training Center Evaluator

TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions

U.S. United States

USCG United States Coast Guard

VFR Visual Flight Rules

WSC Weight-Shift Control

WSCL Weight-Shift Control—Land

WSCS Weight-Shift Control—Sea

Use of the PTS The FAA requires that all sport pilot and sport pilot flight instructor practical tests and proficiency checks are conducted in accordance with the appropriate sport pilot practical test standards. Applicants must be evaluated in ALL TASKs included in each AREA OF OPERATION of the appropriate practical test standard, unless otherwise noted.

In preparation for each practical test or proficiency check, the evaluator or authorized instructor shall develop a written “plan of action.” The “plan of action” shall include all TASKs in each AREA OF OPERATION, unless noted otherwise. If the elements in one TASK have already been evaluated in another TASK, they need not be repeated.

For example, the “plan of action” need not include evaluating the applicant on complying with markings at the end of the flight, if that element was sufficiently observed at the beginning of the flight. Any TASK selected for evaluation during a practical test or proficiency check shall be evaluated in its entirety. Exception: the pilot examiner or ASI (practical test); or Authorized Instructor (proficiency check) evaluating single-seat applicants from the ground shall evaluate only those TASK elements that can be accurately assessed from the ground.

The evaluator or authorized instructor is not required to follow the precise order in which the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs appear in this PTS. The evaluator or authorized instructor may change the sequence or combine TASKs with similar Objectives to have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test or proficiency check events.

The evaluators or authorized instructor’s “plan of action” shall include the order and combination of TASKs to be demonstrated by the applicant in a manner that will result in an efficient and valid test. The evaluator or authorized instructor is expected to use good judgment in the performance of simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means for simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local conditions, both meteorological and topographical, at the time of the test, as well as the applicant’s workload, and the condition of the aircraft used during the practical test or proficiency check. If the procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that the applicant will simulate that portion of the maneuver.

Special Emphasis Areas

Evaluators and authorized instructors must place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft operations considered critical to flight safety. Among these are:

1. positive aircraft control;

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls;

3. stall and spin awareness (if appropriate);

4. collision avoidance;

5. wake turbulence and low level wind shear avoidance;

6. runway incursion avoidance;

7. CFIT;

8. ADM and risk management;

9. SRM and CRM;

10. wire strike avoidance;

11. checklist usage;

12. spatial disorientation;

13. TFR;

14. SUA;

15. aviation security; and 16. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical test or proficiency check. Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the practical test or proficiency check. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will relate to the situation or TASK.

Sport Pilot—Practical Test Prerequisites (Initial)

14 CFR part 61, section 61.39 and subpart J, provides practical test and certification prerequisites.

Sport Pilot—Additional Privileges

If you hold a Sport Pilot Certificate or higher and seek to operate an additional category or class of aircraft, you must comply with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.321. If you hold a Flight Instructor Certificate with a Sport Pilot Rating or higher and seek to operate an additional category or class of aircraft, you must comply with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.419.

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test/Proficiency Check 14 CFR part 61, section 61.45 provides requirements for aircraft and equipment for the practical test. The aircraft utilized for sport pilot and sport pilot flight instructor practical tests and proficiency checks must be accomplished in an aircraft that meets the design and performance limitations as defined in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.316.

Single-Seat Aircraft Practical Test

Applicants for a Sport Pilot Certificate may elect to take their test in a single-seat aircraft. The FAA established in 14 CFR part 61, section 61.45(f) specific requirements to allow a practical test for a Sport Pilot Certificate ONLY. This provision does not allow a practical test for a Flight Instructor Certificate or Recreation Pilot Certificate or higher to be conducted in an aircraft that has a single-pilot seat. With certain limitations, the practical test for a Sport Pilot Certificate may be conducted from the ground by a pilot examiner or ASI. The pilot examiner or ASI must agree to conduct the practical test in a single-seat aircraft and must ensure that the practical test is conducted in accordance with the sport pilot practical test standards for single-seat aircraft. Knowledge of all TASKs applicable to their category/class of aircraft will be evaluated orally. Single-seat sport pilots shall demonstrate competency in those specific TASKs identified by a NOTE in the AREA OF OPERATION for a single-seat practical test and any other TASKs selected by the pilot examiner or ASI. Pilot examiners or ASIs evaluating single-seat applicants from the ground shall evaluate only those TASK elements that can be accurately assessed from the ground.

The pilot examiner and ASI must maintain radio contact with the applicant and be able to observe the operation of the aircraft while evaluating the applicant's proficiency from the ground. Upon successful completion of the practical test, the pilot certificate will be issued with a limitation “No passenger carriage and flight in a single-seat aircraft only.” Only a pilot examiner or ASI is authorized to remove this limitation when the sport pilot takes a complete practical test in a two-place aircraft. This practical test may be conducted in the same or an additional category of aircraft.

Single-Seat Aircraft Proficiency Check

Sport pilot proficiency checks may be performed for an additional category or privilege in accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.321, to be added to a Sport Pilot Certificate or higher using a single-seat aircraft, provided the authorized instructor is a pilot examiner. When a pilot examiner conducts a proficiency check, they are acting in the capacity of an authorized instructor. The authorized instructor must agree to conduct the practical test in a single-seat aircraft and must ensure that the proficiency check is conducted in accordance with the sport pilot practical test standards for single-seat aircraft. Knowledge of all TASKs applicable to the category or class of aircraft will be evaluated orally. Those pilots seeking sport pilot privileges in a single-seat aircraft must demonstrate competency in those specific TASKs identified by a NOTE in the AREA OF OPERATION for a single-seat proficiency check and any other TASKs selected by the authorized instructor. Authorized instructors evaluating single-seat applicants from the ground must evaluate only those TASK elements that can be accurately assessed from the ground.

The authorized instructor must have radio contact and be in a position to observe the operation of the aircraft and evaluate the proficiency of the applicant from the ground. On successful completion of a proficiency check, the authorized instructor will issue an endorsement with the following limitation “No passenger carriage and flight in a single-pilot seat aircraft only (add category/class)” limiting their operations to a single-seat aircraft in this category and class. The authorized instructor must sign this endorsement with their flight instructor and pilot examiner number. This limitation can be removed by successfully completing a complete proficiency check in a two-place aircraft in that specific category and class, in accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.321. This proficiency check must be conducted in the same category and class of aircraft. Upon successful completion of the proficiency check, the applicant will be given an endorsement for the aircraft privilege sought.

Evaluator Responsibility

The evaluator conducting the practical test or authorized instructor conducting the proficiency check is responsible for determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of knowledge and skill of each TASK within each appropriate AREA OF OPERATION. Since there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” portions of the practical test or proficiency check, this oral portion becomes an ongoing process throughout the test. Oral questioning, to determine the applicant’s knowledge of TASKs and related safety factors, should be used judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check. Evaluators and authorized instructors shall test to the greatest extent practicable the applicant’s correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts throughout the practical test or proficiency check.

If the evaluator or authorized instructor determines that a TASK is incomplete or the outcome is uncertain, the evaluator may require the applicant to repeat that TASK or portions of that TASK. This provision has been made in the interest of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repeating of an unsatisfactory TASK is permitted during the certification process. When practical, the remaining TASKs of the practical test or proficiency check phase should be completed before repeating the questionable TASK.

The evaluator or authorized instructor shall use scenarios when applicable to determine that the applicant can use good risk management procedures in making aeronautical decisions. Examples of TASKs where scenarios would be advantageous are weather analysis, performance planning, and runway/landing area selection.

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check, the evaluator or authorized instructor shall evaluate the applicant’s knowledge and practical incorporation of special emphasis areas.

Flight Instructor Responsibility

An appropriately rated authorized flight instructor is responsible for training the sport pilot applicant to acceptable standards in all subject matter areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the Tasks within the appropriate PTS.

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to learners. Additionally, the flight instructor must certify that the applicant is able to perform safely as a sport pilot and is competent to pass the required practical test.

Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning, collision avoidance, and runway incursion avoidance procedures. These areas are covered, in part, in AC 90-48, Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance; FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge; and the Aeronautical Information Manual.

Practical Test—Sport Pilot-Satisfactory Performance

14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(a), describes the satisfactory completion of the practical test for a certificate or rating.

Practical Test—Sport Pilot—Unsatisfactory Performance

If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the applicant does not meet the standards of performance of any Task performed, the associated Area of Operation is considered unsatisfactory and, therefore, the practical test is failed. 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(c)-(f) provides additional unsatisfactory performance requirements and parameters.

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification are:

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers.

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives.

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded. When a disapproval notice is issued, the evaluator records the applicant's unsatisfactory performance in terms of the Area of Operations and specific Task(s) not meeting the standard appropriate to the practical test conducted. The Area(s) of Operation/Task(s) not tested and the number of practical test failures must be recorded. If the applicant fails the practical test because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval must indicate the associated TASK.

Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot—Satisfactory Performance When Adding an Additional Category/Class Satisfactory performance of TASKs to add category/class privileges is based on the applicant’s ability to safely:

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION for the certificate or privileges sought within the approved standards;

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful outcome of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt;

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the approved standards;

When an applicant is adding a category/class privileges to their Pilot Certificate, the authorized instructor, upon satisfactory completion of the proficiency check, shall endorse the applicant’s logbook indicating that the applicant is qualified to operate the additional sport pilot category/class of aircraft. The authorized instructor shall forward FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application to the Civil Aviation Registry within 10 days or submit the application through IACRA. Proficiency Check—Sport Pilot—Unsatisfactory Performance When Adding an Additional Category/Class When the applicant’s performance does not meet the standards in the PTS, the evaluator or authorized instructor conducting the proficiency check shall annotate the unsatisfactory performance on the FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and forward it to the Civil Aviation Registry within 10 days or submit the application through IACRA. A Notice of Disapproval will NOT be issued in this instance; rather, the applicant should be provided with a list of the AREAS OF OPERATION and the specific TASKs not meeting the standard, so that the applicant may receive additional training. When the applicant receives the additional training in the AREAS OF OPERATION and the specific TASK(s) found deficient during the proficiency check, the recommending instructor shall endorse the applicant’s logbook, indicating that the applicant has received additional instruction and has been found competent to pass the proficiency check. The applicant shall complete a new FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and the recommending instructor shall endorse the application. The authorized instructor, other than the one who provided the additional training, shall evaluate the applicant on all TASKS applicable to the additional aircraft privilege sought. When the applicant successfully accomplishes a complete proficiency check, the authorized instructor shall forward the FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application to the Civil Aviation Registry within 10 days, or submit the application through IACRA, and endorse the applicant’s logbook indicating the airman’s additional category/class privileges.

ADM, Risk Management, CRM, and SRM

Throughout the practical test, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s ability to use sound aeronautical decision-making procedures in order to identify hazards and mitigate risk. The evaluator must accomplish this requirement by developing scenarios that incorporate and combine Tasks appropriate to assessing the applicant’s risk management in making safe aeronautical decisions. For example, the evaluator may develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and performance planning. In assessing the applicant’s performance, the evaluator should take note of the applicant’s use of CRM and, if appropriate, SRM. CRM/SRM is the set of competencies that includes situational awareness, communication skills, teamwork, task allocation, and decision-making within a comprehensive framework of SOP. SRM specifically refers to the management of all resources onboard the aircraft, as well as outside resources available to the single pilot.

If an applicant fails to use ADM, including CRM/SRM, as applicable in any Task, the evaluator will note that Task as failed.

Applicant’s Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test or proficiency check, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific Task being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the checklist while accomplishing the elements of the Objective would be either unsafe or impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. In this case, a review of the checklist after the elements have been accomplished, would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper visual scanning would be considered when using a checklist.

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests or Proficiency Checks

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate the pilot's ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing attention both inside and outside the flight deck, the evaluator should simulate a realistic distraction during the flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check to evaluate the applicant's ability to divide attention while maintaining safe flight.

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls

During flight, there must always be a clear understanding between pilots of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, a briefing should be conducted that includes the procedure for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step process, subsequently described, in the exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended. When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, they will say, “You have the flight controls.” The other pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The first pilot again says, “You have the flight controls.” When control is returned to the first pilot, follow the same procedure. A visual check is recommended to verify that the exchange has occurred. There should never be any doubt as to who is flying the aircraft.

Letter of Discontinuance

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than unsatisfactory performance (e.g., equipment failure, weather, or illness), FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and, if applicable, the Airman Knowledge Test Report, is to be returned to the applicant. The evaluator at that time prepares, signs, and issues a Letter of Discontinuance to the applicant. The Letter of Discontinuance should identify the Areas of Operation and their associated Tasks of the practical test that were successfully completed. The applicant should be advised that the Letter of Discontinuance must be presented to the evaluator when the practical test is resumed and made part of the certification file.

Section 1 Sport Pilot Weight-Shift-Control (WSCL and WSCS)

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist

Appointment with Evaluator:

Evaluator’s Name

Location

Date/Time

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

PERSONAL RECORDS

Evaluator’s Practical Test Checklist

Applicant’s Name

Location

Date/Time

AREAS OF OPERATION

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALL

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH/FAA Operating Limitations.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining— a. Certificate privileges, limitations, and currency experience requirements.

2. Locating and explaining— a. Airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. Operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, Aircraft Flight Manual/POH, and flight training supplement.

c. weight and balance data and/or equipment list, as applicable.

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Operating Limitations. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining— a. Required instruments and equipment for sport pilot privileges (as required by the operating limitations).

b. Procedures and limitations for determining if an aircraft, with inoperative instruments and/or equipment, is airworthy or in a condition for safe operation.

2. Explaining— a. Safety directives (as applicable to the aircraft brought for flight test).

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-134; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real-time weather information appropriate to the 2. specific category/class aircraft by consulting weather reports, charts, and forecasts from aeronautical weather reporting sources.

3. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather information.

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation Charts; Chart Supplements; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight planning appropriate to the category/class aircraft.

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features.

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and communication frequencies, if so equipped.

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, Chart Supplements, and other flight publications.

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan.

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 73, 91; FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation Charts; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Sport pilot privileges applicable to the following classes of airspace— a. Class B.

b. Class C.

c. Class D.

d. Class E.

e. Class G.

2. Special use and other airspace areas.

3. TFRs.

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the aircraft provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems, if applicable:

1. Wing control and trim.

2. Water rudders, if applicable.

3. Powerplant and propeller, if applicable.

4. Landing gear.

5. Fuel, oil, hydraulic, and coolant system (if liquid cooled).

6. Electrical.

7. Avionics and auxiliary equipment (if installed).

8. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, as appropriate.

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.

b. Hyperventilation.

c. Middle ear and sinus problems.

d. Spatial disorientation.

e. Motion sickness.

f. Carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. Stress and fatigue.

h. Dehydration.

i. Hypothermia.

H. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (WSCS)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining:

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as— a. Size and location.

b. Protected and unprotected areas.

c. Surface wind.

d. Direction and strength of water current.

e. Floating and partially submerged debris.

f. Sandbars, islands, and shoals.

g. Vessel traffic and wakes.

h. Other features peculiar to the area.

2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on seaplane performance.

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO MARINE NAVIGATION (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine navigation by explaining:

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation.

J. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data if appropriate, to determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding limitations.

2. Exhibits knowledge of the center of gravity on weight shift performance.

K. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine the applicant exhibits knowledge of basic aerodynamics and principles of flight, including:

1. Forces acting on a weight shift machine in various flight maneuvers.

3. Loads and load factors.

4. Angle of attack, stalls, and stall recovery, including flight situations in which unintentional stalls may occur.

5. Effects and use of wing control, including the purpose and proper technique for use.

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select at least TASKs A, B, C, E, and one other TASK as applicable.

A. TASK: ASSEMBLY (WSCL AND WSCS)

NOTE: If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the demonstration of the WSC assembly is impractical, competency may be determined by oral testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the assembly procedures following the manufacturer’s procedures.

2. Selects a suitable assembly area and provides sufficient crew members for assembly.

4. Uses proper tools.

5. Handles components properly.

6. Cleans and lubricates parts, as appropriate.

7. Accounts for all tools and parts at the completion of assembly.

B. TASK: WING TUNING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective: To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to wing tuning procedures.

C. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.

D. TASK: FLIGHT DECK MANAGEMENT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5; FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight deck management procedures.

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they are readily available.

E. TASK: ENGINE STARTING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5; FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine starting procedures.

F. TASK: TAXIING (WSCL)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi procedures.

G. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; USCG Navigation Rules; International-Inland; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxiing and sailing procedures.

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique.

5. Uses wing, water rudder, and power correctly so as to follow the desired course while sailing.

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.

8. Complies with seaplane base signs, signals, and clearances.

H. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect malfunctions.

2. Positions the weight-shift-control aircraft properly, considering other aircraft/vessels, wind, and surface conditions.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the flight deck.

4. Ensures that engine temperature is suitable for takeoff.

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the weight-shift-control aircraft is in safe operating condition.

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, departure, and emergency procedures.

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into takeoff position.

8. Completes the appropriate checklist.

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio-equipped, this TASK shall be tested orally for procedures ONLY. REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications at airports without operating control towers.

2. Selects appropriate frequencies.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Acknowledges radio communications.

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 90-66; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns at airports without operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.

2. Complies with proper local traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft.

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use.

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots, if applicable.

C. TASK: AIRPORT RUNWAY MARKINGS AND LIGHTING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane base, markings and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base markings and lighting.

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select all TASKs.

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal crosswind takeoff and climb, including rejected takeoff procedures.

2. Positions the wing for the existing wind conditions.

3. Clears the area, taxis into the takeoff position, and aligns the weight-shift-control aircraft on the runway center/takeoff path.

4. Advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power. (WSCS) 5. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift off attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping. (WSCS) 6. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to the appropriate climb speed.

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb.

B. TASK: POWER-ON AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a power-on and crosswind approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions and selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration (water rudders down) and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power as required.

5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and touchdown.

8. Touches down smoothly at appropriate airspeed. (WSCL) 9. Touches down at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the weight-shift-control aircraft’s flight path aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.

C. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCS)

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water takeoff and climb.

3. Clears the area and selects an appropriate takeoff path, considering surface hazards and/or vessels and surface conditions.

4. Advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, and increases in water drag.

6. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift aircraft from the water, considering surface conditions.

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.

D. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCS)

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the glassy water approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, or airspeed recommended by the Aircraft Flight Manual/POH, +10/−5 knots, and maintains a touchdown pitch attitude and descent rate from the last altitude reference until touchdown.

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude and slows to idle taxi speed.

E. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (WSCS)

NOTE: If rough water conditions do not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water takeoff and climb.

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering wind, swells surface hazards and/or vessels.

4. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or excessive bouncing.

5. Lifts off at minimum airspeed and accelerates to best climb or speed recommended by the Aircraft Flight Manual/POH, +10/−5 knots before leaving ground effect.

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.

F. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (WSCS)

NOTE: If rough water conditions do not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the rough water approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, +10/−5 knots with wind gust factor applied.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control application during the roundout and touch down.

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and at the proper airspeed, considering the type of rough water.

9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence.

G. TASK: STEEP APPROACH TO A LANDING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep approach to a landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions, and selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Demonstrates effective use of controls at the point from which a landing can be made using steep approach techniques.

5. Establishes a ground track aligned with the runway centerline and an airspeed, which results in minimum float during the roundout.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the recovery from the maneuvers, the roundout, and the touchdown.

7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude. (WSCS)

8. Touches down smoothly at appropriate airspeed. (WSCS) 9. Touches down smoothly at an appropriate airspeed, at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, with no side drift, and with the weight shift aircraft’s ground track aligned with and over the runway centerline.

10. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing.

H. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around/rejected landing.

4. Maneuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and avoid conflicting traffic.

6. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb.

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

A. TASK: STEEP TURNS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns.

3. Rolls into a 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank.

4. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the evaluator.

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

NOTE: The evaluator shall select at least one TASK.

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select TASK A.

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course.

3. Plans the maneuver so as not to descend below 400 feet above the ground at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg.

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track.

B. TASK: S-TURNS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns.

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line.

3. Plans the maneuver so as not to descend below 400 feet above the ground perpendicular to the selected reference line.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn on each side of the selected reference line.

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference line.

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point.

3. Plans the maneuver so as not to descend below 400 feet above the ground, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn around the selected reference point.

5. Divides attention between aircraft control and the ground track.

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-25.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead reckoning, as appropriate.

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks.

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols.

B. TASK: DIVERSION (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or landing area and route.

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs if necessary.

4. Identifies prominent landmarks.

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and or contacts an ATC facility for assistance, as appropriate.

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS

A. TASK: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering during slow flight.

4. Accomplishes straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents specified by the evaluator.

5. Divides attention between weight-shift-control, aircraft control, and orientation.

B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALL (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/ POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls.

4. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10°; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.

5. Recognizes and recovers promptly after the stall occurs by simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to maximum allowable, and leveling the wing to return to a straight-and-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the weight-shift-control aircraft.

C. TASK: WHIP STALL AND TUMBLE AWARENESS (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of whipstall and tumble awareness shall be evaluated through oral testing only.

REFERENCES: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/ POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to whip stall and tumble awareness by explaining:

1. Elements related to whip stalls and tumbles.

2. Flight situations where unintentional whip stalls and tumbles may occur.

4. The likely results of executing a whip stall or tumble.

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select TASK A.

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency approach and landing procedures, including energy management.

2. Establishes and maintains the recommended best glide and airspeed, ±10 knots.

4. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.

5. Prepares for landing, or go-around, as specified by the evaluator.

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to system and equipment malfunctions appropriate to the weight-shift-control aircraft provided for the practical test.

b. Engine roughness or overheat.

c. Carburetor or induction icing.

d. Loss of oil pressure.

e. Fuel starvation.

f. Electrical malfunction.

g. Flight instruments malfunction.

h. Pitot/static.

i. Landing gear malfunction.

j. Smoke/fire/engine compartment fire.

k. Inadvertent prop strike.

l. Ballistic recovery system, if applicable.

m. any other emergency appropriate to the weight shift aircraft.

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (WSCL and WSCS)

NOTE: This TASK shall be evaluated orally.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; AC 91-69; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment appropriate to the following environmental conditions:

2. Large bodies of water.

3. Desert conditions.

4. Extreme temperature changes.

D. TASK: RECOVERY FROM A SPIRAL DIVE (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. NOTE: This maneuver must be demonstrated in flight. The maneuver must be initiated at altitudes above 2,500 feet AGL or the manufacturer’s recommended altitude, whichever is higher. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to spiral dive recovery.

6. Recovers by simultaneously reducing the throttle to idle, pulling in the control bar, and leveling the wings.

7. Controls pitch, airspeed, and G-forces to prevent a stall or exceeding the manufacturer’s maximum airspeed limitation.

X. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

NOTE: The evaluator shall select Task A and for WSCS applicants at least one other TASK. NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select TASK A and for WSCS applicants at least one other TASK.

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING (WSCL and WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing, parking, and securing procedures.

6. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the aircraft wing while exiting the aircraft, and properly securing the aircraft in high wind conditions.

B. TASK: ANCHORING (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring.

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering aircraft movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes.

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure the aircraft’s security.

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and mooring.

3. Ensures aircraft security.

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (WSCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching.

Section 2 Sport Pilot Powered Parachute (PPCL and PPCS)

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist

Appointment with Evaluator

Evaluator’s Name

Location

Date/Time

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

PERSONAL RECORDS

Evaluator’s Practical Test Checklist

Applicant’s Name

Location

Date/Time

AREAS OF OPERATION

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH/FAA Operating Limitations.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining— a. Certificate privileges, limitations, and currency experience requirements.

c. Pilot logbook or flight records.

2. Locating and explaining— a. Airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. Operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and flight training supplement.

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Operating Limitations. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining— a. Required instruments and equipment for sport pilot privileges (as required by the operating limitations).

b. Procedures and limitations for determining if the aircraft, with inoperative instruments and/or equipment, is airworthy and in a condition for safe operation.

2. Explaining— a. Safety directives (as applicable to the aircraft brought for flight test).

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-134; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to real-time weather information appropriate to the specific category/class aircraft by consulting weather reports, charts, and forecasts from aeronautical weather reporting sources.

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather information.

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Navigation Charts; Chart Supplements; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight planning appropriate to the category/class aircraft.

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features.

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and communication frequencies, if so equipped.

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 73, 91; Navigation Charts; FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Sport pilot privileges applicable to the following classes of airspace:

b. Class C.

c. Class D.

d. Class E.

e. Class G.

2. Special use and other airspace areas.

3. TFRs.

F. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8038-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the aircraft provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems, if applicable:

1. Canopy/riser and control system.

2. Flight instruments and engine instruments.

3. Landing gear.

4. Engine and propeller.

5. Fuel, oil, electrical, and coolant system (if liquid cooled).

6. Avionics and auxiliary equipment, as installed.

G. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.

b. Hyperventilation.

c. Middle ear and sinus problems.

d. Spatial disorientation.

e. Motion sickness.

f. Stress and fatigue.

g. Dehydration.

h. Hypothermia

H. TASK: WATER AND POWERED PARACHUTE—SEA CHARACTERISTICS (PPCS)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-23.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water and powered parachute—sea characteristics by explaining:

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as— a. Size and location.

b. Protected and unprotected areas.

c. Surface wind.

d. Direction and strength of water current.

e. Floating and partially submerged debris.

f. Sandbars, islands, and shoals.

g. Vessel traffic and wakes.

h. Other features peculiar to the area.

2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on aircraft performance.

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO MARINE NAVIGATION (PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine navigation by explaining:

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation.

J. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8032-29. Objective. To determine the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the effects of temperature, altitude, humidity, and wind.

2. Determines if the weight and center of gravity are within limits.

K. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine the applicant exhibits knowledge of at least three (3) of the following aerodynamic principles:

1. Aerodynamics with respect to steering.

2. Propeller/Engine Torque Compensation.

3. Pendulum effect in PPCs.

4. Load factor effects in level flight and turns.

5. Wing flaring characteristics.

6. Explain the characteristics of improper chute rigging.

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select at least TASKs A, B, C, E, and for PPCS, TASK F.

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8038-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.

B. TASK: CANOPY LAYOUT (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of canopy layout.

2. Explains how to identify a line-over and demonstrates how to remove a line-over.

C. TASK: ENGINE WARM UP/STARTING (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine starting/warm-up procedures.

2. Positions the powered parachute properly, considering structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and property.

D. TASK: FLIGHT DECK MANAGEMENT (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/ POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight deck management procedures.

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they are readily available.

E. TASK: TAXIING (CANOPY INFLATED) (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements of taxiing with the canopy inflated.

3. Monitors the position and shape of the canopy/riser system during taxi.

6. Controls direction and airspeed for 100 feet of forward movement.

F. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; USCG Navigation Rules; International-Inland; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxi and sailing procedures.

3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxiing or sailing considering wind, water current, water conditions, and maritime regulations.

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique.

5. Uses flight controls, water rudder, and power correctly so as to follow the desired course while sailing.

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping.

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.

8. Complies with PPC base markings, signs, lighting, clearances, and instructions.

G. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/ POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect malfunctions.

4. Ensures that engine temperature is suitable for run-up and takeoff.

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (PPCL and PPCS)

NOTE: If the aircraft is not radio equipped, this TASK shall be tested orally for procedures ONLY. REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications at airports without operating control towers.

2. Selects appropriate frequencies.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Receives, acknowledges, and complies with radio communications and complies with instructions.

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AC 90-66; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns and shall include procedures at airports with and without operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.

2. Complies with proper local traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft.

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.

C. TASK: AIRPORT RUNWAY MARKINGS AND LIGHTING (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane base, markings and lighting with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base markings and lighting.

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select all TASKs.

A. TASK: NORMAL TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal takeoff and climb operations and rejected takeoff procedures.

2. Clears the area.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the flight deck/cart.

4. Makes smooth and appropriate throttle applications as the canopy transitions from ground pickup through maximum drag to taxi position.

5. Checks canopy, ensuring that all end cells are fully inflated and canopy is centered, lines are free and unobstructed, and in condition for takeoff.

6. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

(PPCS)

7. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/climb attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping. (PPCS)

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb.

B. TASK: NORMAL APPROACH AND LANDING (PPCL and PPCS)

NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of minimizing crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions and selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and adjusts power as required.

5. Maintains a stabilized approach.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the flare and touchdown.

8. Touches down smoothly. (PPCS) 9. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence and touchdown.

C. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPCS)

NOTE: If glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water takeoff and climb.

3. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift PPCS from the water, considering surface conditions.

7. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

8. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.

D. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (PPCS)

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/ POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the glassy water approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration, and adjusts power as required.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.

7. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude.

8. Maintains directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence.

E. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (PPCS)

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK. REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/ POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water takeoff and climb.

3. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

6. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.

F. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (PPCS)

NOTE: If rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/ POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water approach and landing.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration, and adjusts power as required.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control inputs during the roundout and touch down.

7. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, considering the type of rough water.

G. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around/ rejected landing.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, after a positive rate of climb is established. (PPCS) 5. Maneuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and avoid conflicting traffic, if appropriate.

6. Maintains appropriate power to a safe maneuvering altitude.

7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb.

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

A. TASK: CONSTANT ALTITUDE TURNS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to constant altitude turns.

4. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the evaluator.

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

NOTE: The evaluator shall select at least one ground reference maneuver. NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select at least one ground reference maneuver.

A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course.

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet.

B. TASK: S-TURNS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns.

2. Selects a suitable ground reference line, considering all obstacles.

5. Reverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference line.

7. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet.

C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point.

4. Applies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn around the selected reference point.

5. Divides attention between powered parachute control and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.

6. Maintains altitude, ±100 feet.

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead reckoning, as appropriate.

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols.

B. TASK: DIVERSION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or landing area and route.

C. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs if necessary.

4. Identifies prominent landmarks.

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and or contacts an ATC facility for assistance, as appropriate.

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select TASK A.

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency approach and landing procedures.

4. Prepares for landing or go-around, as specified by the evaluator.

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, indications, and pilot actions for various systems and equipment malfunctions.

2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the aircraft used for the practical test, in at least three (3) of the following areas, if applicable— a. Engine/oil and fuel.

b. Electrical.

c. Carburetor or induction icing.

d. Smoke and/or fire.

e. Flight control/trim.

f. Propeller.

g. Any other emergency unique to the powered parachute flown.

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: AC 91-69; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment appropriate to the following environmental conditions:

2. Large bodies of water.

3. Desert conditions.

4. Extreme temperature changes.

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

NOTE: For single-seat applicants, the evaluator shall select TASK A and all other TASKs as applicable.

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING (PPCL and PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH. Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, parking, and securing procedures.

2. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings, signs, and lighting.

5. Protects canopy/riser system from the hot engine while stowing/ securing.

B. TASK: ANCHORING (PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring.

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering PPCS’s movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes.

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure the PPCS’s security.

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and mooring.

3. Ensures PPCS security.

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (PPCS)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-23; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching.

Section 3 Flight Instructors with a Sport Pilot Rating

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist

Appointment with Evaluator

Evaluator’s Name

Location

Date/Time

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

PERSONAL RECORDS

Evaluator’s Practical Test Checklist

Flight Instructor—Weight-Shift-Control

Applicant’s Name

Location

Date/Time

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING

Note: The evaluator must select TASK F and one other TASK.

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS

Note: The evaluator must select TASK D and one other TASK.

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT

Note: The evaluator must select one maneuver TASK.

AREAS OF OPERATION

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

Note: The evaluator must select TASKs J and K and two other TASKs.

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

Note: The evaluator must select two TASKs.

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

Note: The evaluator must select one TASK.

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

Note: The evaluator must select TASK A.

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

Note: The evaluator must select one TASK.

VII. NAVIGATION

Note: The evaluator must select one TASK.

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALL Note: The evaluator must select TASK C and one other TASK.

Instructor’s Proficiency Check

Checklist Flight Instructor—Weight-

Shift-Control

Applicant’s Name

Location

Date/Time

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING Note: The instructor may select any of the below-listed FOI TASKs for a proficiency check. However, the TASKs are not required on a proficiency check.

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS

Note: The instructor must select TASK D and one other TASK.

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT

Note: The instructor must select one maneuver TASK.

SEE SECTION 1 OF THE PTS AREAS OF OPERATION

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

Note: The instructor must select TASKs F and K.

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

Note: The instructor must select two TASKs.

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

Note: The instructor must select TASK C.

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

Note: The instructor must select TASK A.

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS

Note: The instructor must select one TASK.

VII. NAVIGATION

Note: The instructor must select one TASK.

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALL Note: The instructor must select TASK C and one other TASK.

Note: The instructor must select TASK A.

Evaluator’s Practical Test Checklist

Flight Instructor—Powered Parachute

Applicant’s Name

Location

Date/Time

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING

Note: The evaluator must select TASK F and one other TASK.

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS

Note: The evaluator must select TASK D and one other TASK.

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT

Note: The evaluator must select one maneuver TASK.

SEE SECTION 2 OF THE PTS AREAS OF OPERATION

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

Note: The evaluator must select TASKs J and K and two other TASKs.

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES Note: The evaluator must select TASKs B and E.

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

Note: The evaluator must select one TASK.

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

Note: The evaluator must select TASK A.

Note: The evaluator must select one TASK.

VII. NAVIGATION

Note: The evaluator must select one TASK.

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Note: The evaluator must select TASK A and one other TASK.

Instructor’s Proficiency Check Checklist

Flight Instructor—Powered Parachute

Applicant’s Name

Location

Date/Time

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING

Note: The instructor may select any of the below listed FOI TASKs for a proficiency check. However, these TASKs are not required on a proficiency check.

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS

Note: The instructor must select TASK D and one other TASK.

III. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT

Note: The instructor must select one maneuver TASK.

SEE SECTION 2 OF THE PTS

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

Note: The instructor must select TASKs F and K.

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

Note: The instructor must select TASKs B and E.

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

Note: The instructor must select TASK A.

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS Note: The instructor must select one TASK.

VII. NAVIGATION

Note: The instructor must select one TASK.

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

Note: The instructor must select TASK A.

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE WITH SPORT PILOT PRIVILEGES

Flight Instructor Practical Test Section Description

This section provides guidance and procedures for obtaining a Flight Instructor Certificate with a sport pilot rating and for adding privileges to an existing Flight Instructor Certificate at the sport pilot level. Information provided in the Introduction of this practical test standard also applies to this section. The evaluator or authorized instructor determines that the applicant meets the TASK Objective through the demonstration of competency in all elements of knowledge and/or skill unless otherwise noted. The Objectives of TASKs in certain AREAS OF OPERATION, such as Fundamentals of Instructing and Technical Subjects, include only knowledge elements. Objectives of TASKs in AREAS OF OPERATION that include elements of skill, as well as knowledge, also include common errors, which the applicant shall be able to describe, recognize, analyze, and correct.

Throughout this PTS, the following titles will be referred to as evaluators: ASI, pilot examiner (other than administrative pilot examiners), TCE, chief instructor, assistant chief instructor, check instructor of a pilot school holding examining authority, or authorized instructor.

At the flight instructor level, the Objective of a TASK that involves pilot skill consists of four parts. The four parts include the determination that the applicant exhibits:

1. Instructional knowledge of the elements of a TASK. This is accomplished through descriptions, explanations, and simulated instruction.

2. Instructional knowledge of common errors related to a TASK, including their recognition, analysis, and correction.

3. The ability to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the sport pilot tolerances.

4. The ability to analyze and correct common errors related to a TASK.

Use of the Flight Instructor Section

The FAA requires that all flight instructor practical tests and proficiency checks be conducted in accordance with this practical test standard. The flight instructor applicant must be prepared to demonstrate the ability to instruct effectively in ALL TASKs included in the AREAS OF OPERATION appropriate to the category/class, unless otherwise noted.

For the purposes of this flight instructor section, a proficiency check is an evaluation of aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency in accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.419. A proficiency check shall be administered using the appropriate PTS for the category of aircraft when a flight instructor adds new category/class privileges. Upon successful completion of the proficiency check, the authorized instructor will endorse the applicant’s logbook, indicating the added category/class of equipment that the applicant is authorized to operate. When an evaluator conducts a proficiency check, they are acting in the capacity of an authorized instructor.

All of the procedures and maneuvers to be tested are included in the Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards. The flight instructor section contains the AREAS OF OPERATION that are generic to all flight instructor evaluations. Flight instructors must also be tested on TASKS located in the appropriate category/class section of the PTS. Those TASKs are listed in the evaluator’s practical test checklist and the instructor’s proficiency check checklist. The mandatory TASKs are identified by a note located in each area of operation. In some cases, specific TASKs are identified. In other cases, the evaluator /instructor selects one or more TASKs in an area of operation for evaluation. This allows for the practical test for initial certification and additional privileges to be completed within a reasonable time frame.

The term “instructional knowledge” means the instructor applicant is capable of using the appropriate reference to provide the "application or correlative level of knowledge" of a subject matter topic, procedure, or maneuver. It also means that the flight instructor applicant’s discussions, explanations, and descriptions should follow the recommended teaching procedures and techniques explained in FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation Instructor’s Handbook.

In preparation for the practical test or proficiency check, the evaluator or authorized instructor shall develop a written “plan of action.” The “plan of action” for an initial certification test shall include the required TASKs and one or more TASKs in the Fundamentals of Instruction, Technical Subject Area, and the Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Performed in Flight AREAS OF OPERATION. Additionally, the evaluator shall test the required TASK(s) listed in the evaluator’s practical test checklist for the appropriate category. The “plan of action” shall always include the required TASKs noted in each AREA OF OPERATION. Any TASK selected shall be evaluated in its entirety.

If the applicant is unable to perform a TASK listed in the “plan of action” due to circumstances beyond his/her control, the evaluator or authorized instructor may substitute another TASK from the applicable AREA OF OPERATION.

The “plan of action” used by an authorized instructor for a proficiency check administered for the addition of an aircraft category and/or class privilege to a Flight Instructor Certificate shall include TASKs required in the AREAS OF OPERATION as indicated in the instructor’s proficiency check checklist in this section. With the exception of the required TASKs, the evaluator or authorized instructor shall not tell the applicant in advance which TASKs will be included in the “plan of action.” The applicant shall be prepared in ALL knowledge and skill areas included in the standards. Throughout the flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check, the evaluator or authorized instructor shall evaluate the applicant’s ability to simultaneously demonstrate and explain procedures and maneuvers, and to give flight instruction to learners at various stages of flight training and levels of experience. The evaluator or authorized instructor is expected to use good judgment in the performance of simulated emergency procedures. The evaluator authorized instructor shall not simulate any condition that may jeopardize safe flight or result in possible damage to the aircraft. The use of the safest means for simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local conditions, both meteorological and topographical, at the time of the test, as well as the applicant’s workload, and the condition of the aircraft used. If the procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that the applicant will simulate that portion of the maneuver.

Special Emphasis Areas

Evaluators or authorized instructors shall place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft operations considered critical to flight safety. Among these are:

1. positive aircraft control;

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying the aircraft);

4. collision avoidance;

5. wake turbulence and low-level windshear avoidance;

6. runway incursion avoidance;

7. CFIT;

8. ADM and risk management;

9. checklist usage;

10. spatial disorientation;

11. TFR;

12. SRM and CRM;

13. wire strike avoidance;

14. SUA;

15. LAHSO;

16. aviation security; and 17. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical test or proficiency check. The evaluator or authorized instructor shall place special emphasis on the applicant’s demonstrated ability to teach precise aircraft control and sound judgment in aeronautical decision-making/risk management. Evaluation of the applicant’s ability to teach judgment shall be accomplished by asking the applicant to describe the presentation of practical problems that would be used in instructing learners in the exercise of sound judgment. The evaluator or authorized instructor shall also emphasize the evaluation of the applicant’s demonstrated ability to teach the special emphasis areas. Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will be evaluated in accordance with the standards of the TASKs and the ability to use good judgment, referenced in the special emphasis areas listed above.

Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Initial

14 CFR part 61, sections 61.39 and 61.403 provide practical test and certification prerequisites. Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Prerequisites—Additional Privileges A certificated flight instructor seeking privileges to provide flight training in an additional category/class of aircraft must comply with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.419.

Evaluator Responsibility

The evaluator conducting the practical test or the authorized instructor conducting the proficiency check is responsible for determining that the applicant meets acceptable standards of teaching ability, knowledge, and skill in the selected TASKs. The evaluator or authorized instructor makes this determination when the applicant has successfully accomplished an Objective that is appropriate to each selected TASK, and includes an evaluation of the applicant’s:

1. ability to apply the fundamentals of instructing;

2. knowledge of, and ability to teach, the subject matter, procedures, and maneuvers covered in the TASKs;

3. ability to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the sport pilot tolerances; and 4. ability to describe, recognize, analyze, and correct common errors related to the skill procedures and maneuvers covered in the TASKs.

It is intended that oral questioning be used at any time during the ground or flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check to determine that the applicant can instruct effectively and has a comprehensive knowledge of the TASKs and their related safety factors.

During the flight portion of the practical test or proficiency check, the evaluator or authorized instructor shall act as a learner during selected maneuvers. This will give the evaluator or authorized instructor an opportunity to evaluate the flight instructor applicant’s ability to analyze and correct simulated common errors related to these maneuvers. The evaluator or authorized instructor will place special emphasis on the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures, and the applicant’s ability to teach those procedures.

Evaluators or authorized instructors should, to the greatest extent possible, test the applicant’s application and correlation skills. When possible, scenario-based questions should be used during the practical test or proficiency check.

If the evaluator or authorized instructor determines that a TASK is incomplete or the outcome is uncertain, the evaluator or authorized instructor may require the applicant to repeat that TASK, or portions of that TASK. This provision has been made in the interest of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repeating of an unsatisfactory TASK is permitted during the certification process. When practical, the remaining TASKs of the practical test or proficiency check phase should be completed before repeating the questionable TASK.

Flight Instructor Responsibility

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the flight instructor applicant to acceptable standards in ALL subject matter areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within each AREA OF OPERATION in the appropriate category/class in this PTS. In addition, the rated flight instructor is required to prepare the flight instructor applicant in all TASKs in the AREAS OF OPERATION listed in section 3.

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to learners. The flight instructor must certify that the applicant is:

1. able to make a practical application of the fundamentals of instructing;

Throughout the flight instructor applicant’s training, the flight instructor is responsible for emphasizing the performance of and the ability to teach effective visual scanning, runway incursion avoidance, and collision avoidance procedures. The flight instructor applicant should develop and use scenario-based teaching methods, particularly in special emphasis areas. These areas are covered in AC 90-48, Pilot's Role in Collision Avoidance; FAA-H-8083-3, Airplane Flying Handbook; FAA- H-8083-11, Balloon Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-21, Rotorcraft Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-23, Seaplane, Skiplane and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Handbook; FAA-H- 8083-25, Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge; and the current Aeronautical Information Manual.

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Practical Test—Satisfactory Performance An applicant who seeks initial flight instructor certification will be evaluated in all AREAS OF OPERATION of the standards appropriate to the category/class rating(s) sought. The evaluator shall refer to the evaluator’s practical test checklist, for the appropriate category, located in this section, to determine the TASKs to be tested, in each AREA OF OPERATION. 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(a), describes the satisfactory completion of the practical test for a certificate or rating. The practical test is passed if, in the judgment of the evaluator, the applicant demonstrates satisfactory performance with regard to:

1. knowledge of the fundamentals of instructing;

2. knowledge of the technical subject areas;

3. knowledge of the flight instructor's responsibilities concerning the pilot certification process;

5. ability to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the sport pilot tolerances while giving effective instruction;

Initial Flight Instructor Certification Practical Test—Unsatisfactory Performance If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the applicant does not meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the applicable AREA OF OPERATION is considered unsatisfactory and therefore, the practical test is failed. 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(c) – (f) provides additional unsatisfactory performance requirements and parameters. The evaluator or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible for the certificate sought. The test will be continued only with the consent of the applicant. If the test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for only those AREAS OF OPERATION and their associated TASKs satisfactorily performed. However, during the retest and at the discretion of the evaluator, any TASK may be re-evaluated, including those previously considered satisfactory. Typical reasons for disqualification are:

1. failure to perform a procedure or maneuver at a more precise level than that indicated in the sport pilot tolerances while giving effective flight instruction;

2. failure to provide an effective instructional explanation while demonstrating a procedure or maneuver (explanation during the demonstration must be clear, concise, technically accurate, and complete with no prompting from the evaluator);

3. any action or lack of action by the applicant which requires corrective intervention by the evaluator to maintain safe flight; or 4. failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers.

When a Disapproval Notice is issued, the evaluator shall record the applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of AREA(s) OF OPERATION and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard appropriate to the practical test conducted. If the applicant fails the practical test because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval shall indicate the associated TASK. AN EXAMPLE WOULD

BE: AREA OF OPERATION III, TRAFFIC PATTERNS, FAILURE TO TEACH PROPER COLLISION

AVOIDANCE PROCEDURES.

Proficiency Check—Satisfactory Performance When Adding Additional Category/Class Privileges The authorized instructor shall refer to the instructor’s proficiency check checklist, for the appropriate category/class, located in this section, to determine the TASKs to be tested, in each AREA OF OPERATION. The proficiency check is passed if, in the judgment of the authorized instructor, the applicant demonstrates satisfactory performance with regard to the required tasks in the required Areas of Operation, including:

1. knowledge of the fundamentals of instructing;

2. knowledge of the technical subject areas;

3. knowledge of the flight instructor's responsibilities concerning the pilot certification process;

5. ability to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the standards at a more precise level than that indicated in the sport pilot tolerances while giving effective instruction;

When an applicant is adding a category/class privileges to their Flight Instructor Certificate, the evaluating authorized instructor shall, upon successful completion of the proficiency check, endorse the applicant’s logbook indicating that the applicant is qualified to instruct in an additional sport pilot category/class of aircraft. The authorized instructor shall forward FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application to Civil Aviation Registry within 10 days or submit the application through IACRA. Proficiency Check—Unsatisfactory Performance When Adding Additional Category/Class Privileges When the applicant’s performance does not meet the standard in the PTS, the authorized instructor conducting the proficiency check shall annotate the unsatisfactory performance on the FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and forward it to the Civil Aviation Registry within 10 days or submit the application through IACRA. A Notice of Disapproval will NOT be issued in this instance; rather, the applicant should be provided with a list of the AREAS OF OPERATION and the specific TASKs not meeting the standard, so that the applicant may receive additional training. Typical reasons for disqualification are:

1. failure to perform a procedure or maneuver at a more precise level than that indicated in the sport pilot tolerances while giving effective flight instruction;

2. failure to provide an effective instructional explanation while demonstrating a procedure or maneuver (explanation during the demonstration must be clear, concise, technically accurate, and complete with no prompting from the authorized instructor);

3. any action or lack of action by the applicant which requires corrective intervention by the evaluator to maintain safe flight; or 4. failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers.

When the applicant receives the additional training in the AREAS OF OPERATION and the specific TASK(s) is/are found to be deficient during the proficiency check, the recommending instructor shall endorse the applicant’s logbook, indicating that the applicant has received additional instruction and has been found competent to pass the proficiency check. The applicant shall complete a new FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and the recommending instructor shall endorse the application. The authorized instructor, other than the one who provided the additional training, shall evaluate the applicant. When the applicant successfully accomplishes a complete proficiency check, the authorized instructor shall forward the FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application to the Civil Aviation Registry within 10 days, or submit the application through IACRA, and endorse the applicant’s logbook indicating the airman’s additional privileges.

I. AREA OF OPERATION: FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING

NOTE: The evaluator shall select TASK F and one other TASK.

A. TASK: THE LEARNING PROCESS

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the learning process by describing:

1. Learning theory.

2. Characteristics of learning.

3. Principles of learning.

4. Levels of learning.

5. Learning physical skills.

6. Memory.

7. Transfer of learning.

B. TASK: HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing:

1. Human behavior— a. Control of human behavior.

b. Human needs.

c. Defense mechanisms.

d. The flight instructor as a practical psychologist.

2. Effective communication— a. Basic elements of communication.

b. Barriers of effective communication.

c. Developing communication skills.

C. TASK: THE TEACHING PROCESS

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing:

1. Preparation of a lesson for a ground or flight instructional period.

3. Application, by the learner, of the material or procedure presented.

D. TASK: TEACHING METHODS

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of teaching methods by describing:

1. Material organization.

2. The lecture method.

3. The cooperative or group learning method.

4. The guided discussion method.

5. The demonstration-performance method.

6. Computer-based training method.

E. TASK: CRITIQUE AND EVALUATION

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of critique and evaluation by explaining:

1. Critique— a. Purpose and characteristics of an effective critique.

b. Methods and ground rules for a critique.

2. Evaluation— a. Characteristics of effective oral questions and what types to avoid.

c. Characteristics and development of effective written questions.

F. TASK: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of flight instructor characteristics and responsibilities by describing:

1. Aviation instructor responsibilities in— a. Providing adequate instruction.

b. Establishing standards of performance.

c. Emphasizing the positive.

d. Developing plans of action for use during proficiency checks.

2. Flight instructor responsibilities in— a. Providing student pilot evaluation and supervision.

b. Preparing practical test recommendations and endorsements.

c. Determining requirements for conducting additional training and endorsement requirements.

d. Conducting proficiency checks for additional category/class privileges.

3. Professionalism as an instructor by— a. Explaining important personal characteristics.

b. describing methods to minimize learner frustration.

G. TASK: PLANNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of planning instructional activity by describing:

1. Developing objectives and standards for a course of training.

3. Requirements for developing a training syllabus.

4. Purpose and characteristics of a lesson plan.

II. AREA OF OPERATION: TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS

NOTE: The evaluator shall select TASK D and at least one other TASK.

A. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-29; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by describing:

1. How to obtain appropriate medical qualifications.

2. How to obtain a medical certificate in the event of a possible medical deficiency.

b. Hyperventilation.

c. Middle ear and sinus problems.

d. Spatial disorientation.

e. Motion sickness.

f. Carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. Fatigue and stress.

h. Dehydration.

i. Hypothermia.

3. The effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to flight safety.

B. TASK: VISUAL SCANNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3 FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; AC 90-48; AIM. Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of visual scanning and collision avoidance by describing:

1. Relationship between a pilot’s physical condition and vision.

3. Vestibular and visual illusions.

4. “See and avoid” concept.

5. Proper visual scanning procedure.

6. Relationship between poor visual scanning habits and increased collision risk.

8. Importance of knowing aircraft blind spots.

9. Relationship between aircraft speed differential and collision risk.

C. TASK: FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91; 49 CFR part 830; FAA-H-8083-25; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to Code of Federal Regulations and publications:

1. Availability and method of revision of 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91, and 49 CFR part 830 by describing— a. Purpose.

b. General content.

2. Availability of flight information publications, advisory circulars, practical test standards, pilot operating handbooks, and FAA-approved flight manuals by describing— a. Availability.

b. Purpose.

c. General content.

D. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE ENDORSEMENTS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 61; AC 61-65.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to logbook entries and certificate endorsements by describing:

1. Required logbook entries for instruction given.

2. Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including appropriate logbook entries.

b. Additional pilot certification.

c. Additional aircraft category/class privileges.

d. Single-seat aircraft.

4. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of the required FAA flight review.

5. Required flight instructor records.

III. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT

NOTE: evaluator shall select at least one maneuver TASK, and ask the applicant to present a preflight lesson on the selected maneuver, as the lesson would be taught to a learner.

A. TASK: MANEUVER LESSON

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-5, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-29; Aircraft Flight Manual/POH.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the selected maneuver by:

2. Giving an accurate, comprehensive oral description, including the elements and common errors.

4. Describing the recognition, analysis, and correction of common errors. Note: Refer to the appropriate checklist for those additional items that must be tested in section 1 or 2 of the PTS.