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Guide for Aviation Medical Examiners
  1. Front Matter
  2. Section 1: GENERAL INFORMATION
  3. Section 2: APPLICATION FOR MEDICAL CERTIFICATION
  4. Section 3: EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
  5. Section 4: AME PHYSICAL EXAMINATION INFORMATION AND DISPOSITION TABLES
    1. Condition Not Listed
    2. ITEM 27. Sinuses
    3. ITEM 28. Mouth and Throat
    4. ITEM 29. Ears, General
  6. Section 5: ITEMS 31-34. Eye
  7. Section 6: ITEM 35. Lungs and Chest
  8. Section 7: ITEM 36. Heart
  9. Section 8: ITEM 37. Vascular System
  10. Section 9: ITEM 38. Abdomen and Viscera
  11. Section 10: ITEM 39. Anus
  12. Section 11: ITEM 40. Skin
  13. Section 12: ITEM 41. G-U System
  14. Section 13: ITEMS 42-43. Musculoskeletal
  15. Section 14: ITEM 44. Identifying Body Marks, Scars, Tattoos
  16. Section 15: ITEM 45. Lymphatics
  17. Section 16: ITEM 46. Neurologic
  18. Section 17: ITEM 47. Psychiatric
  19. Section 18: ITEM 48. General Systemic
  20. Section 19: AME OFFICE-REQUIRED ANCILLARY TESTING
  21. Section 20: AMCS SUPPORT DESK
  22. Section 21: APPLICATION REVIEW
  23. Section 22: CACI CONDITIONS
  24. Section 23: DISEASE PROTOCOLS
  25. Section 24: PHARMACEUTICALS
  26. Section 25: AME ASSISTED SPECIAL ISSUANCES (AASI)
  27. Section 26: SUBSTANCES OF DEPENDENCE/ABUSE
  28. Section 27: Drug/Alcohol Monitoring Programs and HIMS
  29. Section 28: SYNOPSIS OF MEDICAL STANDARDS
  30. Section 29: Student Pilot Rule Change
  31. Section 30: GLOSSARY
  32. Section 31: ARCHIVES AND UPDATES

Guide for Aviation Medical Examiners|Version 09/30/2026

Section 04

AME PHYSICAL EXAMINATION INFORMATION AND DISPOSITION TABLES

30 pages|Pages 60–89

Read Citation (on FlightPush)

Items 25-48 of FAA Form 8500-8

Aerospace Medical Dispositions

(Updated 3/25/2026)

Click any of the following Aerospace Medical Disposition Tables to access the most common conditions of aeromedical significance, and course of action that should be taken by the AME.

The tables are not all-inclusive.

For any Condition Not Listed, see that page for general guidance.

Do NOT issue a medical certificate without first consulting AMCD or RFS if:

The condition requires deferral per the tables, or

The condition is not listed and may cause subtle or sudden incapacitation.

Condition Not Listed

All Classes

(Updated 03/25/2026)

DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. AME determines the individual isNOT at increased riskfor sudden or subtle incapacitation.When a diagnosis or condition is not listed in the disposition tables, the AME should assess whether the condition or its treatment could lead to sudden or subtle incapacitation.After reviewing the condition and submitted reports, document the rationale for issuance in Item 60 and upload supporting documentation. The FAA may request additional evaluation data.If uncertain, the AME may wish to contact AMCD or RFS and discuss.Symbol: A. AME determines the individual is
NOT at increased risk
for sudden or subtle incapacitation.ISSUEand explain rationale in Item 60.
B. AME determines the individualIS at increased riskfor sudden or subtle incapacitation.Medical certificates must not be issued to an individual with medical condition(s) that requires deferral, or for any condition not listed in the table that may result in sudden or subtle incapacitation without consulting the AMCD or the RFS.To help expedite the review process, submit the following to the FAA for review:• Most recent detailed Clinical Progress Note(s)• Results of recent testing already performed pertinent to the condition• Any related treatment recordsAfter reviewing this documentation, the FAA may request additional evaluation data.Symbol: B. AME determines the individual
IS at increased risk
for sudden or subtle incapacitation.DEFERUpload copies of any documentation/reports to the FAA for review.Explain in Item 60 what aspect or concern caused the deferral.

ITEMS 25-30. Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT)

I. Code of Federal Regulations

All Classes: 14 CFR 67.105(b)(c), 67.205(b)(c), and 67.305(b)(c)

(b) No disease or condition of the middle or internal ear, nose, oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx that -

(1)

Interferes with, or is aggravated by, flying or may reasonably be expected to do so; or

(2)

Interferes with, or may reasonably be expected to interfere with, clear and effective speech communication.

(c)

No disease or condition manifested by, or that may reasonably be expected to be manifested by vertigo or a disturbance of equilibrium.

II. Examination Techniques

1.

The head and neck should be examined to determine the presence of any significant defects such as:

a.

Bony defects of the skull

b.

Gross deformities

c.

Fistulas

d.

Evidence of recent blows or trauma to the head

e.

Limited motion of the head and neck

f.

Surgical scars

2.

The external ear is seldom a major problem in the medical certification of applicants.

Otitis externa or a furuncle may call for temporary disqualification. Obstruction of the canal by impacted cerumen or cellular debris may indicate a need for referral to an ENT specialist for examination.

The tympanic membranes should be examined for scars or perforations. Discharge or granulation tissue may be the only observable indication of perforation. Middle ear disease may be revealed by retraction, fluid levels, or discoloration. The normal tympanic membrane is movable and pearly gray in color. Mobility should be demonstrated by watching the drum through the otoscope during a valsalva maneuver. See Outer Ear Abnormalities.

3.

Pathology of the middle ear may be demonstrated by changes in the appearance and mobility of the tympanic membrane. The applicant may only complain of stuffiness of the ears and/or loss of hearing. An upper respiratory infection greatly increases the risk of aerotitis media with pain, deafness, tinnitus, and vertigo due to lessened aeration of the middle ear from eustachian tube dysfunction. When the applicant is taking medication for an ENT condition, it is important that the AME become fully aware of the underlying pathology, present status, and the length of time the medication has been used. If the condition is not a threat to aviation safety, the treatment consists solely of antibiotics, and the antibiotics have been taken over a sufficient period to rule out the likelihood of adverse side effects, the AME may make the certification decision.

The same approach should be taken when considering the significance of prior surgery such as myringotomy, mastoidectomy, or tympanoplasty. Simple perforation without associated symptoms or pathology is not disqualifying. When in doubt, the AME should not hesitate to defer issuance and refer the matter to the AMCD. The services of consultant ENT specialists are available to the FAA to help in determining the safety implications of complicated conditions. See Middle Ear Abnormalities.

4.

Unilateral Deafness. An applicant with unilateral congenital or acquired deafness should not be denied medical certification if able to pass any of the tests of hearing acuity.

5.

Bilateral Deafness. It is possible for a totally deaf person to qualify for a private pilot certificate. When the applicant initially applies for medical certification, the AME should defer the exam with notes in Block 60 explaining this and include which FSDO the airman wants to use to take a Medical Flight Test.

The student may practice with an instructor before undergoing a pilot check ride for the private pilot’s license. When the applicant is ready to take the check ride, he/she must have an authorization to take a medical flight test (MFT) from either RFS/AMCD. Upon successful completion of the MFT, the applicant will be issued a SODA and an operational restriction will be placed on his/her pilot’s license that restricts the pilot from flying into airspace requiring radio communication.

6.

Hearing Aids. Under some circumstances, the use of hearing aids may be acceptable. If the applicant is unable to pass any of the above tests without the use of hearing aids, he or she may be tested using hearing aids.

7.

The nose should be examined for the presence of polyps, blood, or signs of infection, allergy, or substance abuse. The AME should determine if there is a history of epistaxis or anosmia. Polyps may cause airway obstruction or sinus blockage. Infection or allergy may be cause for obtaining additional history. (Updated 03/30/2022)

8.

Evidence of sinus disease must be carefully evaluated by a specialist because of the risk of sudden and severe incapacitation from barotrauma.

9.

The mouth and throat should be examined to determine the presence of active disease that is progressive or may interfere with voice communications. Gross abnormalities that could interfere with the use of personal equipment such as oxygen equipment should be identified. Also see Protocol for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

10.

The larynx should be visualized if the applicant's voice is rough or husky. Acute laryngitis is temporarily disqualifying. Chronic laryngitis requires further diagnostic workup. Any applicant seeking certification for the first time with a functioning tracheostomy, following laryngectomy, or who uses an artificial voice-producing device should be denied or deferred and carefully assessed.

III. Aerospace Medical Disposition

The Aerospace Medical Disposition Tables list the most common conditions of aeromedical significance and course of action that should be taken by the AME as defined by the protocol and disposition in the table.

ITEM 25. Head, Face, Neck, and Scalp

HEAD, FACE, NECK, AND SCALP

DISEASE/CONDITIONCLASSEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
Active fistula of neck, either congenital or acquired, including tracheostomyAllSubmit all pertinent medical information and current, detailed Clinical Progress Note.Requires FAA Decision
Loss of bony substance involving the two tables of the cranial vaultAllSubmit all pertinent medical information and current, detailed Clinical Progress Note.Requires FAA Decision
Deformities of the face or head that would interfere with the proper fitting and wearing of an oxygen mask1st & 2nd3rdSubmit all pertinent medical information and current, detailed Clinical Progress Note.Submit all pertinent medical information.Requires FAA DecisionIf deformity does not interfere with administration of supplemental O²- Issue

NOSE

ALLERGIES or ANAPHYLAXIS;

  • (Allergic Rhinitis; Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis; Hay fever)
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 08/28/2024)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Allergies controlled by acceptable medications (single or in combination)Allergy shots/Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)Epi pen is prescribedThe AME should inquire if the applicant has ever experienced any barotitis (‘ear block’), barosinusitis (‘sinus block’), alternobaric vertigo (‘dizziness’), difficulty breathing, rashes, or any other localized or systemic symptoms that could interfere with aviation safety.If the AME can determine:• The condition is under control;• Current medications are acceptable; o See the Pharmaceuticals Section, Allergy - Antihistamine & Immunotherapy Medication.• Any no fly time is discussed with the individual; AND• No symptoms that would interfere with flight or safety related duties:Symbol: A. Allergies controlled by acceptable medications (single or in combination)
Allergy shots/Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)
Epi pen is prescribedISSUEAnnotate this in Block 60. Warn for any required "no fly" time for conditionally acceptable (Sedating) Antihistamine Medications.If not addressed in the progress note or AME notes, the individual may be asked to provide information to the FAA.
B. Allergies indicated by;• Chronic or repeated steroid treatment or• Reaction requiring urgent medical intervention• airway closure• urticaria requiring treatmentSubmit the following for FAA review:A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating allergist, ENT, or pulmonologist no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings; results of any testing performed;• diagnosis;• assessment and plan;• prognosis; and follow-up.Symbol: B. Allergies indicated by;
• Chronic or repeated steroid treatment or
• Reaction requiring urgent medical intervention
• airway closure
• urticaria requiring treatmentDEFERSubmit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.
C. History of anaphylaxis or allergic reactions requiring use of epi-penAfter using an epi-pen or similar, the individual should follow up with their treating physician before returning to flight or safety related duties. Submit the following for FAA review:A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating allergist, ENT, or pulmonologist. ItSymbol: C. History of anaphylaxis or allergic reactions requiring use of epi-penDEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.
should verify the cause of the anaphylaxis or allergic reaction, likelihood it will re-occur and if it were to re-occur, how severe.
  • ANOSMIA*
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 06/29/2022)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. KNOWN etiologyIncluding COVID-19 infectionIf due to trauma associated with traumatic brain injury, tumor removal, etc., review that section for additional information or required recovery periods.No evaluations or follow-up needed if the AME can determine the condition is benign and the pilot has no other condition(s) that would interfere with flight duties:***************************************** *** Discuss with the pilot:• This condition may cause an inability to receive early warning of fuel leaks, exhaust fumes, or a fire (prior to visible smoke).• Importance of using of a carbon monoxide (CO) detector (not a spot detector) in all aircraft flown that have an internal combustion engine.• CO is odorless and tasteless; however, it is frequently accompanied by exhaust fumes that can be detected by smell. Encourage the pilot to ask someone else to verify the absence of fuel fumes in the cabin prior to flight.Symbol: A. KNOWN etiology
Including COVID-19 infection
If due to trauma associated with traumatic brain injury, tumor removal, etc., review that section for additional information or required recovery periods.ISSUE Annotate this information in Block 60. For any identified underling condition(s), see that section.
B. UNKNOWN (or uncertain) etiologyFor ANY duration.Submit the following to the FAA for review:• The most recent detailed Clinical Progress Note (actual clinical record) from an otolaryngologist (ENT).• It should include a summary of the history of the condition or diagnosis, current medications, clinical exam findings, results of any testing performed, diagnosis, assessment, plan (prognosis), and follow-up.• It must specifically include etiology, if found.Symbol: B. UNKNOWN (or uncertain) etiology
For ANY duration.DEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Follow up Issuance will be per the airman’s authorization letter.

*Anosmia-partial or complete loss of smell.

ENT evaluation required as some cases may be due to nasal polyps or nasal growth (tumor) which could be aeromedically significant.

ITEM 27. Sinuses

SINUS CONDITIONS

SINUSITIS(Acute or Chronic infection; Deviated Nasal Septum); SINUS OBSTRUCTION (Nasal Cysts; Nasal Polyps; or Sinus Tumor)

All Classes

(Updated 09/25/2024)

DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A.Acute infection(s) from any cause requiring medication(s) or notORDeviated nasal septum (not causing obstruction) corrected or notNote: Recurrent, isolated infections which clear can be followed under Row A.If the AME can determine the condition has resolved without sequelae with no symptoms or current problems that would interfere with flight duties:Notes: If the airman is currently on antibiotics or symptomatic, the treatment course should be completed before medical certification can be considered.Verify medications listed are acceptable. 61.53 applies.Pilots should not fly with a “cold” or viral upper respiratory tract infection, or with the condition of rhinosinusitis.Symbol: A.
Acute infection(s) from any cause requiring medication(s) or not
OR
Deviated nasal septum (not causing obstruction) corrected or not
Note: Recurrent, isolated infections which clear can be followed under Row A.ISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60.
B. Chronic or severe (hospitalized for infection)ORAffected by barometric changesORSinus Obstruction from nasal polyps or cysts, tumor, anatomic (deviated nasal septum)If the AME history and physical exam confirm the condition is chronic, severe, or symptomatic, the airman should not fly until resolved.Submit the following for FAA review:1. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating ENT (preferred) or allergist no more than 90 days before the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition.• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis); and• Follow-up.Symbol: B. Chronic or severe (hospitalized for infection)
OR
Affected by barometric changes
OR
Sinus Obstruction from nasal polyps or cysts, tumor, anatomic (deviated nasal septum)DEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.
2. Personal statement discussing symptoms, severity, how often they occur, and treatment used, any prior surgery or trauma. 3. Sinus CT imaging (report) already performed; 4. Results of evaluation(s) for underlying conditions such as polyps, ciliary dysmotility syndrome, autoimmune disease, immune suppression, or anatomic abnormalities;Pilots should NOT fly with a "cold" or viral upper respiratory tract infection, or with the condition of rhinosinusitis.

NOTE: For Sinus Obstruction due to tumor, see that section

ITEM 28. Mouth and Throat

Palate: Extensive adhesion of the soft palate to the pharynx Submit all pertinent medical information and a current, detailed Clinical Progress Note.

See Protocol for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Requires FAA

Decision

SPEECH IMPEDIMENT, STUTTERING, OR MECHANICAL CONDITIONS (from surgery or trauma)

All Classes

(Updated 08/28/2024)

DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A.ResolvedORDoes not impair voice communication.If the AME can determine the condition has resolved without sequelae with no symptoms or current problems that would interfere with flight duties:• Communication needed for flight (emergency procedures;• Effective communication with air traffic control; and• Crew-cockpit communication).Symbol: A.
Resolved
OR
Does not impair voice communication.ISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60.
B. Condition, including stuttering, that would impair voice communicationSubmit the following for FAA review: 1. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with a speech-language pathologist no more than 90 days before the AME exam. It must include:• Detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment;• Plan (prognosis); and• Follow-up. 2. It must specifically include the cause for stuttering and the intelligible their speech is.• Stuttering Severity Index for those who stutter;• Speech Fluency/Intelligibility test for those with mechanical problems; 3. Any testing deemed necessary or already performed by the treating provider.The speech-language pathologist or AME should describe any functional limitations that could affect the pilot's ability to operate aircraft controls or communicate with other pilots or ATCS.Symbol: B. Condition, including stuttering, that would impair voice communicationDEFERAME should comment on how well they can communicate.Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.

ITEM 29. Ears, General

  • COCHLEAR IMPLANT (CI)
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 11/29/2023)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. If the CI was placed in an adult to improve speech discrimination and sound localization (usually seen in older adults)ORSingle Sided Deafness (SSD)Note: Pilots with a CI should fly with a spare processor and extra batteries.If the AME can determine:• The individual can pass the hearing requirements with the CI turned OFF (i.e., SSD which passes hearing with the other ear); and• No symptoms or current problems that would interfere with flight duties:(If unable to pass hearing tests with CI turned off, go to Row B.)Symbol: A. If the CI was placed in an adult to improve speech discrimination and sound localization (usually seen in older adults)
OR
Single Sided Deafness (SSD)
Note: Pilots with a CI should fly with a spare processor and extra batteries.ISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60 AND List the age the CI was placed and reason. Specify if they passed the hearing test with the CI turned on or off.This does NOT require a hearing limitation or MFT.
B. Implant was placed for hearing loss as a child/teenNote: Pilots with a CI should fly with a spare processor and extra batteries.Submit the following for FAA review:1. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating Ear, Nose, & Throat (ENT) or audiologist no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis);• Prognosis; and follow-up.2. The Clinical Progress Note must specifically include:• Reason for the implant;• Date of implant;• How the individual functions with the device;• Ability to hear in noisy environment; and• Word discrimination3. Audiogram performed no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam.Symbol: B. Implant was placed for hearing loss as a child/teen
Note: Pilots with a CI should fly with a spare processor and extra batteries.DEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Even if they pass the hearing test in the AME office.Annotate elements or findings inBlock 60.

Note: If pilot is unable to pass MFT or known to be deaf, see Item 49. Hearing.

  • ACOUSTIC NEUROMA
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 05/30/2018)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Treated 5 or more years ago With• Surgery OR• Stereotactic radiationThe AME should review a current status report from the treating physician. If no symptoms or current problems, no ongoing treatment or surveillance needed:Symbol: A. Treated 5 or more years ago With
• Surgery OR
• Stereotactic radiationISSUE Summarize history in Block 60.Submit documents to the FAA for retention in the file.
B. Treated 5 or more years ago With• Observation ONLYSubmit the following to the FAA for review: ☐ Current status report from the treating physician with treatment plan and prognosis; o It should identify all treatment used, size of the tumor at diagnosis, and current size; ☐ List of medications and side effects, if any; ☐ Operative notes and discharge summary, if applicable; and ☐ Copies of most recent imaging report(s) (MRI).Symbol: B. Treated 5 or more years ago With
• Observation ONLYDEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Follow up Issuance Will be per the airman’s authorization letter.
C. Treated less than 5 years ago With ANY of the following:• Observation,• Surgery, OR• Stereotactic radiationSubmit the following to the FAA for review: ☐ Current status report from the treating physician (ENT or neurosurgeon) with o Treatment plan, prognosis, and adherence to treatment; o It should indicate the presence or absence of any residual tumor and any complications; ☐ List of medications and side effects, if any; ☐ Operative notes and discharge summary (if applicable); SEE NEXT PAGE ☐ Copies of initial and most recent imaging reports (MRI) and lab; ☐ Current audiogram (pure tone and speech discrimination); and ☐ If any neurologic deficit is noted, current documentation of the deficit and severity, as well as the status of the rest of the neurologic exam by treating neurosurgeon or neurotologist, must be submitted.Symbol: C. Treated less than 5 years ago With ANY of the following:
• Observation,
• Surgery, OR
• Stereotactic radiationDEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Follow up Issuance Will be per the airman’s authorization letter.
  • INNER EAR:
  • ACUTE OR CHRONIC DISEASE
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 11/29/2023)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
Acute or chronic disease without disturbance of equilibrium and successful miringotomy, if applicableSubmit all pertinent medical informationIf no physiologic effects - Issue
Acute or chronic disease that may disturb equilibriumSubmit all pertinent medical information and current status reportRequires FAA Decision
  • BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 11/29/2023)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. RESOLVEDAND symptoms lasted 1 year or less in total.(This may have been single or multiple episode[s]).If the AME can determine:• The condition has fully resolved without sequelae (with favorable notes from PCP, ER, or ENT);• No symptoms or current problems that would interfere with flight duties;• Medications, if any, are discontinued; and• No hearing loss:Note: Symptoms should be brief, mild, not disabling, and respond to repositioning.Symbol: A. RESOLVED
AND symptoms lasted 1 year or less in total.
(This may have been single or multiple episode[s]).ISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60.
B. Multiple/intermittent episodes for which the combined time of symptoms/sickness lasted 1 year or more.Submit the following for FAA review:1. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating otolaryngologist (ENT) or PCP no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis);• Follow-up; and• It must specifically include any underling pathology, if found.2. Copies of additional tests such as (ECOG, VEMP, MRI with Gadolinium of the cerebellopontine angle [CPA], etc.) performed as clinically indicated.Symbol: B. Multiple/intermittent episodes for which the combined time of symptoms/sickness lasted 1 year or more.DEFERSubmit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Annotate elements or findings inBlock 60.
C. Severe/persistent recurrent/refractory to treatmentORRequiring surgery at any timeSubmit the following for FAA review:1. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating ENT, preferably with a neurotologist (a subspecialty of ENT/otolaryngology). The clinic visit should be no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis); and• Follow-up.2. If surgery was performed, copies of all clinic records including:• Operative notes;• Hospital admission H&P;• Discharge summary; and• Copies of any testing performed including CT/MRI/imaging.Symbol: C. Severe/persistent recurrent/refractory to treatment
OR
Requiring surgery at any timeDEFERSubmit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.

LABYRINTHITIS

(Vestibular Neuritis, Viral Labyrinthitis, Epidemic Vertigo, Acute Vestibulopathy)

All Classes

(Updated 11/29/2023)

DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Single episode now completely resolvedIf the AME can determine:• The condition has fully resolved without sequelae (with favorable notes from PCP or ENT if recent event);• No symptoms or current problems that would interfere with flight duties;• No medication needed; and• No hearing lossNote: This condition usually takes approximately one month before fully recovered.Symbol: A. Single episode now completely resolvedISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60.
B. Current symptomsThe AME should not issue if there are current symptoms.Both the condition and medication to treat are of aeromedical concern.Once resolved, go to Row A.If recurrent symptoms, go to Row C.Symbol: B. Current symptomsDEFER Submit the information to the FAA.Annotate (elements or findings) Block 60.
C. Multiple episodes separated by weeks to monthsSubmit the following for FAA review:3. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating ENT (otolaryngologist), preferably a neurotologist (a sub-specialty of ENT/otolaryngology). The clinic visit should be no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis); and• Follow-up.2. It must specifically include if:• Any underlying pathology is found• Any hearing loss is noted.Symbol: C. Multiple episodes separated by weeks to monthsDEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Annotate (elements or findings) in Block 60.
3. Treatment notes4. Vestibular testing already performed.5. Current (performed within the past 90 days) clinical audiogram with Air-Conduction/Bone-Conduction (AC/BC) and Speech Discrimination (SD).6. Typed personal statement describing the history of the condition. It must include:• If there is any family history;• Episodes of hearing loss over the last year;• The number of episodes with approximates dates and how long each lasted;• A description of the severity of the attacks with type of symptoms;• Any history of Migraine or drop attacks (collapsing suddenly without fainting),• Medication used for control/treatment;• Any surgery;• Success of control (e.g., How often do you have a recurrence? When was most recent episode?); and• Therapy/medication used for control.If any underlying condition is found, see that page.
  • MENIERE’S DISEASE
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 11/29/2023)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Previously reviewed and warned by the FAA.If the AME can determine there have been no further symptoms or episodes of vertigo:Note: The medical certificate should not be issued for any class until condition is fully resolved and reviewed by the FAA.Pilot duties must be discontinued while symptomatic or on medication for vertigo.Symbol: A. Previously reviewed and warned by the FAA.ISSUEIf continued asymptomatic, annotate this information in Block 60.If return of symptoms, DEFER and submit the most recent ENT evaluation.
B. The FIRST time the condition is reported to the FAA.After a recovery period of six (6) months showing:• Control of vertigo;• No further vertiginous attacks: AND• Hearing remains within standards.Submit the following for FAA review:1. Current (performed within the past 90 days), detailed clinical otolaryngologist (ENT) evaluation and progress note that documents sustained control and no recurrence of symptoms. It must address if active disease exists. If in remission, when did remission commence.2. Current (performed within the past 90 days) clinical audiogram with Air-Conduction/Bone-Conduction (AC/BC) and Speech Discrimination (SD).3. Typed personal statement describing the history of the condition. It must include:• If there is any family history;• If single side or bilateral;• Episodes of hearing loss over the last year;• The number of attacks;• A description of the severity of the attacks with type of symptoms;• Any history of migraine or drop attacks (collapsing suddenly without fainting);Symbol: B. The FIRST time the condition is reported to the FAA.DEFERSubmit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Follow up Issuance Will be per the Authorization Letter
• Medication used for control/treatment given;• Any surgery;• Success of control (e.g., How often do you have a recurrence? When was most recent episode?); and• Therapy/medication used for control.4. Additional tests such as (ECOG, VEMP, MRI with Gadolinium of the cerebellopontine angle [CPA], etc.) performed as clinically indicated.5. All treatment records associated with diagnosis.Note: Pilot and safety related duties (SRD) duties must be discontinued while on medication for vertigo. 14 CFR 61.53 applies.Medication: Betahistine (Serc, Beta-Serc) is NOT allowed.
C. With associated hearing loss.If there is associated hearing loss, the individual should be evaluated to determine if they meet hearing standards.See Item 49. Hearing.Symbol: C. With associated hearing loss.DEFERSubmit the information to the FAA
  • MOTION SICKNESS
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 11/29/2023)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
Motion SicknessSubmit all pertinent medical information and current status reportIf occurred during flight training and resolved- IssueIf condition requires medication - Requires FAA Decision
  • PERILYMPH FISTULA (PLF)
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 11/29/2023)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Resolved 5 or more years ago.The AME should review the most recent detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating otolaryngologist (ENT) or neurotologist.If it verifies the treatment has been completed (surgical or medical) and no further episodes:Symbol: A. Resolved 5 or more years ago.ISSUEAnnotate Block 60 and submit the ENT evaluation to the FAA for retention in the file.
B. FIRST time the condition is reported to the FAAORA new episode Within the last 5 years.Once resolved and recovery period of:• One (1) month after surgery; or• Three (3) months if treated medically or with observation; and• Showing no further vertiginous attacks and hearing remains within standards.Submit the following for FAA review:1. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating otolaryngologist (ENT) or neurotologist no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam.2. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan prognosis; and• Follow-up.3. It must specifically include:• If active disease exists.• If in remission, when did remission commence.4. Current clinical audiogram with Air-Conduction/Bone-Conduction (AC/BC) and Speech Discriminati on (SD) (performed within the past 90 days).Symbol: B. FIRST time the condition is reported to the FAA
OR
A new episode Within the last 5 years.DEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Follow up Issuance Will be per the Authorization Letter
5. Additional tests such as (ECOG, VEMP, MRI with Gadolinium of the cerebellopontine angle [CPA], etc.) performed as clinically indicated.6. All Office treatment records.7. Copy of Operative report if surgery performed.8. Personal statement (typed) stating:• Number of attacks;• Severity;• Type of symptoms;• Episodes of hearing loss over the last year;• What type of therapy or medication(s) are used for control; and• How did the episode occur? (e.g., childbirth, straining, weightlifting, lightning strike, etc.).
  • PERSISTENT POSTURAL PERCEPTUAL DIZZINESS (PPPD OR 3PD)
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 11/29/2023)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Any history• After the condition has fully resolved;• No symptoms remain; and• Medication is no longer needed for suppression of the vertigo:Submit the following for FAA review:3. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating otolaryngologist (ENT) or neurotologist no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis); and• Follow-up4. It must specifically include:• If active disease exists.• If in remission, when did remission commence.5. Current clinical audiogram with Air-Conduction/Bone-Conduction (AC/BC) and Speech Discriminat ion (SD) (performed within the past 90 days).6. Additional tests such as [ECOG, VEMP, MRI with Gadolinium of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), etc.] performed as clinically indicated.7. All Office treatment records.8. Pharmacy Records for the last 3 years from all Pharmacies used.9. Copies of any Vestibular Rehab progress notes (if performed).Symbol: A. Any historyDEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Follow up Issuance Will be per the Authorization Letter
  • SUPERIOR SEMICIRCULAR CANAL DEHISCENCE SYNDROME (SSCDS)
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 11/29/2023)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Incidental finding on imagingANDNO symptomsThe AME should obtain why the imaging was performed.Review a detailed, Clinical Progress Note from ENT (otolaryngology) performed any time after identification on imaging. If the ENT evaluation verifies:• An incidental finding on imaging;• The individual never had symptoms*; and• No required treatmentANDThe AME verifies no symptoms since diagnosis and there is no other condition found (which warranted imaging):If ANY symptoms, go to Row B.*Symptoms may include vertigo induced by a loud noise, autophonia, chronic imbalance, tinnitus, and hyperacusis.If another condition is found, see that page.Symbol: A. Incidental finding on imaging
AND
NO symptomsISSUEAnnotate Block 60 and submit the ENT evaluation to the FAA for retention in the file.
B. History of symptomsAfter:• One (1) month after surgery; and• Released to full duties by the treating physician; and• No further vertiginous attacks; and• Hearing remains within standards.Submit the following for FAA review:10. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating ENT (otolaryngologist), preferably a neurotologist (a sub-specialty of ENT/otolaryngology). The clinic visit should be no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;Symbol: B. History of symptomsDEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.Follow up Issuance Will be per the Authorization Letter
• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis); and• Follow-up.11. It must specifically include:• If active disease exists.• If in remission, when did remission commence.12. Current clinical audiogram with Air-Conduction/Bone-Conduction (AC/BC) and Speech Discrimination (SD) (performed within the past 90 days).13. Additional tests such as (ECOG, VEMP, MRI with Gadolinium of the cerebellopontine angle [CPA], etc.) performed as clinically indicated.14. All Office treatment records.15. Copy of Operative report (if surgery performed).

MASTOIDS

All Classes

DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
Mastoid fistulaSubmit all pertinent medical information and current status reportRequires FAA Decision
Mastoiditis, acute or chronicSubmit all pertinent medical information and current status reportRequires FAA Decision

MIDDLE EAR ABNORMALITIES

(Otitis Media, Serous Otitis Media, Eardrum Abnormalities, Tympanic Membrane Perforation, Myringotomy, Ear Tubes, PE Tubes, Eustachian Tube Dysfunction)

All Classes

(Updated 01/31/2024)

DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Myringotomy, Ear tubes, Tympanostomy tubes, Pressure equalizing tubes (PE tubes)(single or bilateral)No matter how many setsIf the AME can determine the condition is under control and no symptoms that would interfere with flight or safety-related duties:Note: There is no mandatory recovery period after PE tubes are placed other than wait time for General anesthesia (if used).Symbol: A. Myringotomy, Ear tubes, Tympanostomy tubes, Pressure equalizing tubes (PE tubes)
(single or bilateral)
No matter how many setsISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60
B. RESOLVED Otitis media/ ear infectionTympanic membrane perforation (dry)ORSerous Otitis MediaIf the AME can determine the condition has resolved without sequelae or no symptoms or current problems that would interfere with flight dutiesANDThe individual can pass any of the acceptable hearing tests:Symbol: B. RESOLVED Otitis media/ ear infection
Tympanic membrane perforation (dry)
OR
Serous Otitis MediaISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60
C. ALL OTHERSActive acute Otitis Media/ear infectionChronic Otitis MediaChronic tympanic membrane perforationEustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD)Recurrent Acute Otitis MediaWet tympanic membrane perforationAny of the above with associated pathologySubmit the following for FAA review:1. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the otolaryngologist (ENT) or PCP no more than 90 days prior to the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis); and• Follow-up.Symbol: C. ALL OTHERS
Active acute Otitis Media/ear infection
Chronic Otitis Media
Chronic tympanic membrane perforation
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD)
Recurrent Acute Otitis Media
Wet tympanic membrane perforation
Any of the above with associated pathologyDEFERSubmit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance
  • OUTER EAR ABNORMALITIES
  • (Cerumen Impaction, Otitis Externa, Microtia)
  • All Classes
  • (Updated 01/31/2024)
DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
A. Impacted cerumen not affecting hearingOROtitis Externa (resolved) or not affect flying/safety-related dutiesIf the AME can determine the condition has no symptoms or current problems that would interfere with flight dutiesANDThe individual can pass any of the acceptable hearing tests:Symbol: A. Impacted cerumen not affecting hearing
OR
Otitis Externa (resolved) or not affect flying/safety-related dutiesISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60.
B. With complicationsORIncapacitatingORAffecting hearing (Unable to pass any of the acceptable hearing tests or the AME has concerns)Submit the following for FAA review:1. A current, detailed Clinical Progress Note generated from a clinic visit with the treating ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physician no more than 90 days before the AME exam. It must include:• A detailed summary of the history of the condition;• Current medications, dosage, and side effects (if any);• Physical exam findings;• Results of any testing performed;• Diagnosis;• Assessment and plan (prognosis); and• Follow-up. 2. All audiograms already performed.Symbol: B. With complications
OR
Incapacitating
OR
Affecting hearing (Unable to pass any of the acceptable hearing tests or the AME has concerns)DEFER Submit the information to the FAA for a possible Special Issuance.
C. Outer ear/external pinna abnormality (such as Microtia)The AME should look closely at the affected ear for other visible signs of pathology such as pre auricular pits or brachial cleft cyst or other evidence of a syndromic nature.If the AME can determine the condition has no symptoms or current problems that would interfere with flight dutiesANDThe individual can pass any of the acceptable hearing tests:Symbol: C. Outer ear/external pinna abnormality (such as Microtia)ISSUEAnnotate this information in Block 60.Note: If the applicant is unable to pass any of the acceptable hearing tests or the AME has concerns, the AME should annotate this in Block 60 and DEFER.

ITEM 30. Ear Drums EAR DRUMS

All Classes

DISEASE/CONDITIONEVALUATION DATADISPOSITION
Perforation that has associated pathologyEstablish etiology, treatment, and submit all pertinent medical informationRequires FAA Decision
Perforation which has resolved without any other clinical symptomsSubmit all pertinent medical informationIf no physiologic effects - Issue

Otologic Surgery: A history of otologic surgery is not necessarily disqualifying for medical certification. The FAA evaluates each case on an individual basis following review of the otologist's report of surgery. The type of prosthesis used, the person's adaptability and progress following surgery, and the extent of hearing acuity attained are all major factors to be considered. AME should defer issuance to an applicant presenting a history of otologic surgery for the first time, sending the completed report of medical examination, with all available supplementary information, to the AMCD.

Some conditions may have several possible causes or exhibit multiple symptomatology. Episodic disorders of dizziness or disequilibrium require careful evaluation and consideration by the FAA. Transient processes, such as those associated with acute labyrinthitis, or benign positional vertigo may not disqualify an applicant when fully recovered. (Also see Item 46., Neurologic for a discussion of syncope and vertigo).

Regulations Referenced in This Chapter

14 CFR 67.10514 CFR 67.20514 CFR 61.53
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