Flight Instructor Instrument - Powered-LiftFAA-S-ACS-28
Area of Operation VI
Flight by Reference to Instruments
8 Tasks
Task A Straight-and-Level Flight
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant understands attitude instrument flying during straight-and-level flight, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction
Knowledge
Elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight-and-level flight.
The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration in straight-and-level flight.
Interpretation, operation, and limitations of pitch, bank, and power instruments, using full panel and partial panel.
Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
Instrument cross-check techniques.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Fixation and omission.
Instrument Interpretation.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Aircraft coordination.
Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
Maintain straight-and-level flight using instrument cross-check and interpretation and coordinated control application.
Maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task B Turns
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant understands attitude instrument flying during turns can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Elements related to attitude instrument flying during a standard rate turn.
The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration to a standard rate turn.
Full and partial panel procedures for a constant rate turn, including the performance of a half-standard rate turn.
Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
Instrument cross-check techniques.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Fixation and omission.
Instrument Interpretation.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Aircraft coordination.
Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
Maintain turns using instrument cross-check and interpretation and coordinated control application.
Maintain altitude ±100 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and maintain airspeed ±10 knots.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task C Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant understands attitude instrument flying during changing of airspeed in straight- and-level and turning flight, and can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Elements related to attitude instrument flying while maintaining altitude during change of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight.
The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration in straight-and-level and turning flight.
Full and partial panel procedures for change of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight.
Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
Instrument cross-check techniques.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Fixation and omission.
Instrument Interpretation.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Aircraft coordination.
Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
Maintain change of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight using instrument cross-check and interpretation and coordinated control application.
Maintain altitude ±100 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and obtain the desired airspeed ±10 knots.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task D Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant understands attitude instrument flying during constant airspeed climbs and descents with and without turns, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Elements related to attitude instrument flying during constant airspeed climbs and descents.
The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration in constant airspeed climbs and descents including turns.
Flight control inputs to maintain a constant airspeed in a straight or turning climb or descent using full and partial panel procedures.
Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
Instrument cross-check techniques.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Fixation and omission.
Instrument Interpretation.
Aircraft coordination.
Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Skills
Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
Conduct a straight climb or descent, from either cruising, climbing, or descending airspeed, maintain heading ±10°.
Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±100 feet.
Roll out on the assigned heading ±10°upon completion of the turn.
Maintain airspeed ±10 knots during the maneuver.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task E Constant Rate Climbs and Descents
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant understands attitude instrument flying during constant rate climbs and descents with and without turns, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Elements related to attitude instrument flying during constant rate climbs and descents.
The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration in constant rate climbs and descents including turns.
Flight control inputs to maintain a constant rate in a straight or turning climb or descent using full and partial panel procedures.
Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
Instrument cross-check techniques.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Fixation and omission.
Instrument Interpretation.
Aircraft coordination.
Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Skills
Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
Conduct a constant rate straight climb or descent, from either cruising, climbing, or descending airspeed, maintain heading ±10°.
Roll out on the assigned heading ±10°upon completion of the turn.
Maintain airspeed ±10 knots during the maneuver.
Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±100 feet.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task F Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant understands attitude instrument flying during timed turns to magnetic compass headings, and can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Elements related to attitude instrument flying during timed turns to magnetic compass headings, including operating characteristics and errors of the magnetic compass.
The relationship of pitch, bank, and power during timed turns to magnetic compass headings.
Full and partial panel procedures for timed turns to specified magnetic compass headings.
Normal and abnormal instrument indications and operations.
Instrument cross-check techniques.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Fixation and omission.
Instrument Interpretation.
Aircraft coordination.
Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Skills
Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
Complete timed turns to specific magnetic compass headings using instrument cross-check and interpretation and coordinated control application.
Maintain altitude ±100 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and obtain the desired airspeed ±10 knots.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task G Steep Turns
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant understands attitude instrument flying during steep turns, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Elements related to attitude instrument flying during steep turns.
The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration during steep turns.
Full and partial panel procedures for entry and completion of steep turns.
Normal and abnormal instrument indications and operations.
Instrument cross-check techniques.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Fixation and omission.
Instrument Interpretation.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Aircraft coordination.
Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
Demonstrates and simultaneously explains steep turns from an instructional standpoint.
Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).
Conduct an Instrument cross check using full and/or partial panel instruments.
Perform the Task in the opposite direction.
Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task H Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands attitude instrument flying while recovering from unusual attitudes, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction, solely by reference to instruments.
Note
See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge
Prevention of unusual attitudes, including flight causal, physiological, and environmental factors, and system and equipment failures.
Full panel and partial panel procedures for recovery from unusual attitudes in flight.
Procedures available to safely regain visual meteorological conditions (VMC) after flight into inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions or unintended instrument meteorological conditions (IIMC)/(UIMC).
Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).
Assessment of the unusual attitude.
Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.
Collision hazards.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Interpreting flight instruments.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Operating envelope considerations.
Skills
Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation to identify an unusual attitude (including both nose-high and nose-low) in flight, and apply the appropriate flight control, power input, and aircraft configuration in the correct sequence, to return to a stabilized level flight attitude.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.