Flight Instructor Instrument - Powered-LiftFAA-S-ACS-28
Area of Operation IX
Emergency Operations
4 Tasks
Task A Loss of Communications
References
14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant understands procedures for loss of communications while operating solely by reference to instruments, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Procedures to follow in the event of lost communication during various phases of flight, including techniques for reestablishing communications, when it is acceptable to deviate from an instrument flight rules (IFR) clearance, and when to begin an approach at the destination.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Possible reasons for loss of communication.
Deviation from procedures for lost communications.
Skills
Recognize a simulated loss of communication.
Simulate actions to re-establish communication.
Determine whether to continue to flight plan destination or deviate.
Determine appropriate time to begin an approach.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task B Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with flight solely by reference to instruments with powerplant(s) inoperative, and provide effective instruction.
Note
See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight.
Knowledge
Procedures used if powerplant(s) fail during straight-and-level flight and turns while on instruments.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Identification of the inoperative powerplant(s).
Inability to climb or maintain altitude with any inoperative powerplant(s).
Collision hazards.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Fuel management.
Configuring the aircraft.
Skills
Promptly recognize powerplant(s) failure and maintain positive aircraft control.
Establish the best inoperative powerplant(s) aircraft configuration.
Use flight controls and configure the aircraft as required to maintain best performance or as recommended by the manufacturer.
Verify the prescribed checklist procedures used for securing any inoperative powerplant(s).
Attempt to determine and resolve the reason for the powerplant(s) failure.
Monitor powerplant functions and make necessary adjustments.
Maintain the specified altitude ±100 feet or minimum sink rate if applicable, airspeed ±10 knots, and the specified heading ±10°.
Assess the aircraft’s performance capability and decide an appropriate action to ensure a safe landing.
Maintain control and fly within the aircraft’s operating limitations.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task C Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s) (Simulated)
References
14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands executing a published instrument approach solely by reference to instruments with powerplant(s) inoperative, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Note
See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge
Instrument approach procedures with any powerplant(s) inoperative.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Potential powerplant(s) failure during approach.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Collision hazards.
Configuring the aircraft.
Performing a go-around/rejected landing with any failed powerplant(s).
Skills
Promptly recognize powerplant(s) failure and maintain positive aircraft control.
Confirm the correct aircraft configuration.
Follow the manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures and complete the appropriate checklist.
Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer.
Monitor the operating powerplant(s) and aircraft systems and make adjustments as necessary.
Request and follow an actual or a simulated air traffic control (ATC) clearance for an instrument approach.
Maintain altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, and selected heading ±10°.
Establish a rate of descent that ensures arrival at the minimum descent altitude (MDA) or decision altitude (DA)/decision height (DH) with the aircraft in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made, either straight in or circling as appropriate.
On final approach segment, maintain vertical (as applicable) and lateral guidance within ¾-scale deflection.
Maintain aircraft control and fly the aircraft within the powerplant(s) inoperative operating limitations.
Comply with the published criteria for the aircraft approach category.
Execute a landing.
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task D Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators
References
14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands performing an approach solely by reference to instruments with the loss of primary flight control instruments, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Recognizing if primary flight instruments are inaccurate or inoperative, and advising ATC or the evaluator.
Possible failure modes of primary instruments and how to correct or minimize the effect of the loss.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Use of secondary flight displays when primary displays have failed.
Maintaining aircraft control.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.
Complete a non-precision instrument approach without the use of the primary flight instruments using the skill elements of the non-precision approach Task (see Area of Operation VIII, Task A).
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.