Flight Instructor for Powered-Lift CategoryFAA-S-ACS-27
Area of Operation VIII
Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds
8 Tasks
Task A Normal Takeoff and Climb from a Hover
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands takeoff and climb from a hover, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Note
If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Knowledge
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
Recommended takeoff and climb profiles.
Aircraft configuration.
Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Selection of helipad/deck, runway, or departure point based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Runway/departure point surface/condition
f. Aircraft weight
Abnormal operations including:
a. Rejected takeoff
b. Powerplant failure in hover/takeoff/climb phase of flight
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Runway incursion.
Skills
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Make radio calls as appropriate.
Verify assigned/correct runway, if at an airport.
Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
Position the flight controls and configure the aircraft for the existing wind conditions.
Clear the area, ground or hover taxi into takeoff position, and hover the aircraft above the departure point, aligned with the departure path.
Confirm takeoff power and instrument indications prior to forward movement.
Takeoff and accelerate to the manufacturer’s recommended speed.
After takeoff, establish and maintain a positive rate of climb and configure aircraft, as appropriate.
Maintain the aircraft within operating limits throughout the maneuver.
Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task B Rolling Takeoff and Climb
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands rolling takeoff with wheel-type landing gear, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Note
If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Knowledge
Elements related to a rolling takeoff and the purpose of the maneuver.
Aircraft configurations.
Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
Translational lift.
Takeoff and climb performance and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
Aircraft performance and limitations.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Collision hazards.
Powerplant failure during rolling takeoff and climb out.
Aircraft configuration.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Runway/departure point surface/condition
f. Aircraft weight
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Skills
Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Configure the aircraft correctly regarding environmental conditions and aircraft loading.
Maintain the aircraft within operating limits throughout the maneuver.
Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
Maintain a positive rate of climb.
Transition to recommended climb airspeed ±5 knots.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task C Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands maximum performance takeoff and climb, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Situations where this maneuver is appropriate.
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and temperature, on takeoff and climb performance.
Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
Appropriate aircraft configuration, takeoff, and climb profiles.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Selection of takeoff path based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Low level turbulence
e. Surface conditions
Abnormal operations including:
a. Rejected takeoff
b. Powerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Make radio calls as appropriate.
Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
Position the flight controls and configure the aircraft for the existing wind conditions.
Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, utilizing maximum available takeoff area and align the aircraft on the takeoff path.
Confirm takeoff power and proper powerplant and flight instrument indications prior to takeoff.
Establish and maintain the most efficient lift-off attitude/configuration for obstacle clearance.
Maintain the recommended airspeed and aircraft configuration until the obstacle is cleared.
After clearing the obstacle, establish pitch attitude and aircraft configuration for VY and accelerate to and maintain VY ±5 knots during the climb.
Reconfigure the aircraft after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's guidance.
Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
Comply with noise abatement procedures.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task D Normal Approach to a Hover
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands normal approach profile to a hover, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Types of approaches and applicability.
Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and density altitude, on approach and hover performance.
Wind correction techniques on approach and hover.
Aircraft configurations for the approach and hover.
Aircraft performance and limitations.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Selection of runway/helipad/touchdown point based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Vortex ring state (VRS)
f. Runway/arrival point surface/condition
Situations including:
a. Rejected landing and go-around
b. Powerplant failure during the approach
Collision hazards.
Flat light conditions.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
Use the appropriate techniques and aircraft configurations through all stages of the approach.
Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions and select a suitable hover point.
Maintain appropriate ground track with crosswind correction throughout the approach.
Fly a stabilized approach.
Arrive over the arrival point at a stabilized hover ±2 feet.
Execute a timely go-around for any condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task E Normal Approach and Landing
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands normal approach and landing, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Note
If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Knowledge
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach speed and angle.
Atmospheric factors affecting performance.
Use of proper thrust vector angle for transition to landing.
Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Selection of runway or takeoff path based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Runway/heliport/helipad surface, condition, and length
Situations including:
a. Rejected landing and go-around
b. Powerplant failure during the approach
Collision hazards.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Comply with noise abatement procedures.
Make radio calls as appropriate.
Verify assigned/correct runway/landing point if at an airport.
Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
Maintain a stabilized approach profile.
Use manufacturer's recommended technique and remain within airspeed range allowed for each configuration change.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task F Steep Approach and Landing
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands steep approaches, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Note
See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge
A stabilized steep approach.
Approach techniques and applicability.
Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
Effects of atmospheric conditions on approach and landing performance.
Wind correction techniques.
Aircraft configuration.
Aircraft performance and limitations.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Selection of the approach path and landing area.
Effects of.
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Vortex ring state (VRS)
f. Landing point condition
Planning for.
a. Rejected landing and go-around
b. Powerplant failure during the approach
Landing in an area or in conditions where a takeoff/climb may not be possible.
Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) and flat light conditions.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Position the flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.
Maintain awareness of aircraft performance, limitations, and relative position throughout the maneuver.
Arrive over the touchdown point on the surface ±5 feet from intended landing point or, at the discretion of the evaluator, at a stabilized hover ±5 feet height.
Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task G Running/Roll-On Landing
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands shallow approach and running/roll-on landing, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
H/V diagram, if applicable.
Aircraft performance and limitations.
Aircraft configuration.
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Situations including:
a. Powerplant failure during approach
b. Rejected landing
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Runway surface/condition
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the approach and landing checklists.
Ensure the aircraft is correctly configured for the landing.
Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
Maintain a ground track that ensures the desired traffic pattern flown takes into consideration obstructions and air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions.
Ensure the aircraft is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface.
Consider the wind conditions, aircraft performance, landing surface, obstructions, and select a suitable touchdown point.
Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.
Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during round out and touchdown.
Touch down at the appropriate speed, aircraft configuration and pitch attitude.
On touchdown, maintain proper ground track.
After touchdown, reconfigure the aircraft for surface/hover taxi.
Execute a timely go-around for any condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Task H Go-Around/Rejected Landing
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant understands go-around/rejected landing with emphasis on factors that contribute to landing conditions that may require a go-around, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.
Knowledge
Situations and considerations on approach that could require a go-around/rejected landing.
Effects of atmospheric conditions on a go-around or rejected landing.
Aircraft configuration changes and techniques for the go-around.
Go-around/rejected landing procedures, the importance of a timely decision, and appropriate airspeeds for the maneuver.
Wind correction techniques.
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected landing.
Aircraft performance.
Application of power.
Aircraft configuration.
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Make a timely decision to go-around/reject the landing.
Apply the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establish an aircraft configuration necessary to obtain the desired performance.
Establish a positive rate of climb and the appropriate airspeed ±10 knots.
Configure the aircraft, as appropriate.
Maintain the ground track, heading, or course appropriate for the conditions, or as specified by air traffic control (ATC) or the evaluator.
Notify/coordinate with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions as required.
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.