Performance Maneuvers and Ground Reference Maneuvers

How to conduct a proper steep turn.

Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:

a. Maintaining coordinated flight

b. Overbanking tendencies

c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes

d. Load factor and accelerated stalls

e. Rate and radius of turn

Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.

Collision hazards.

Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Uncoordinated flight.

Clear the area.

Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).

Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 50° bank.

Perform the Task in the opposite direction.

Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.

Relationship to emergency landing procedures.

Maintaining a constant radius about a point.

Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference.

Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.

Collision hazards.

Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Uncoordinated flight.

Effects of wind.

Airframe or airspeed limitations.

Clear the area.

Select an altitude sufficient to continue through a series of at least three, 360° turns.

Establish and maintain a steep spiral, not to exceed 60° angle of bank, to maintain a constant radius about a suitable ground reference point.

Apply wind-drift correction to track a constant radius circle around selected reference point with bank not to exceed 60° a steepest point in turn.

Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.

Maintain the specified airspeed, ±10 knots and roll out toward an object or specified heading, ±10°, and complete the maneuver no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).

How to conduct proper chandelles.

Aerodynamics associated with chandelles, including:

a. Maintaining coordinated flight

b. Overbanking tendencies

c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes

d. Accelerated stalls

Appropriate airplane configuration for maximum performance climb.

Proper pitch control required for continuously decreasing airspeed.

Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.

Collision hazards.

Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Uncoordinated flight.

Energy management.

Rate and radius of turn with confined area operations.

Clear the area.

Select an altitude that allows the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).

Establish the appropriate entry configuration, power, and airspeed.

Establish the angle of bank at approximately 30°.

Simultaneously apply power and pitch to maintain a smooth, coordinated climbing turn, in either direction, to the 90° point, with a constant bank and continuously decreasing airspeed.

Begin a coordinated constant rate rollout from the 90° point to the 180° point maintaining power and a constant pitch attitude.

Complete rollout at the 180° point, ±10° just above a stall airspeed, and maintaining that airspeed momentarily avoiding a stall.

Resume a straight-and-level flight with minimum loss of altitude.

How to conduct proper lazy eights.

Aerodynamics associated with lazy eights, including how to maintain coordinated flight.

Performance and airspeed limitations.

Phases of the lazy eight maneuver from entry to recovery.

Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.

Collision hazards.

Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Uncoordinated flight.

Energy management.

Accelerated stalls.

Clear the area.

Select an altitude that allows the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).

Establish the recommended entry configuration, power, and airspeed.

Maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.

Complete the maneuver in accordance with the following:

a. Approximately 30° bank at the steepest point

b. Constant change of pitch and roll rate and airspeed

c. Altitude at 180° point, ±100 feet from entry altitude

d. Airspeed at the 180° point, ±10 knots from entry airspeed

e. Heading at the 180° point, ±10°

Continue the maneuver through the number of symmetrical loops specified, then resume straight-and- level flight.

Purpose of eights on pylons.

Aerodynamics associated with the eights on pylons, including coordinated and uncoordinated flight.

Pivotal altitude and factors that affect it.

Effect of wind on ground track.

Phases of the eights on pylons maneuver from entry to recovery.

Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.

Collision hazards.

Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Uncoordinated flight.

Energy management.

Emergency landing considerations.

Clear the area.

Determine the approximate pivotal altitude.

Select suitable pylons that permits straight-and-level flight between the pylons.

Enter the maneuver in the correct direction and position using an appropriate altitude and airspeed.

Establish the correct bank angle for the conditions, not to exceed 40°.

Apply smooth and continuous corrections so that the line-of-sight reference line remains on the pylon.

Divide attention between accurate, coordinated airplane control and outside visual references.

Maintain pylon position using appropriate pivotal altitude, avoiding slips and skids.