Emergency Operations

Declaring an emergency and selection of a suitable airport or landing location.

Situations that would require an emergency descent (e.g., depressurization, smoke, or powerplant fire).

Causes of inflight fire or smoke.

Aircraft decompression.

When an emergency evacuation may be necessary.

Actions required if icing conditions exceed the capabilities of the aircraft.

Selection of the procedures or checklists to follow in an emergency.

Multiple failures or system abnormalities.

Altitude, wind, terrain, and obstruction considerations in an emergency.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Explain or describe an emergency procedure for a situation(s) presented by the evaluator.

Use proper procedures for the emergency situation(s) presented by the evaluator.

Fly by reference to standby flight instruments, backup instrumentation, or partial panel, if applicable and appropriate to the situation.

Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.

Notify/coordinate with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions as required.

Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.

Aircraft performance and limitations, (e.g., height velocity (H/V) diagram information).

Factors involved in determining a valid go/no-go decision.

Recognition of powerplant(s) failure.

Pilot actions required on recognition of powerplant(s) failure, including checklist memory items.

Aircraft configuration for landing with powerplant(s) failure.

Causes of asymmetric thrust conditions and appropriate responses.

Powerplant(s) failure.

Identification of powerplant(s) failure conditions.

Pilot reaction to powerplant(s) failure conditions.

Aircraft configuration.

Recognize powerplant failures(s), maintain control, use manufacturer’s memory item procedures, and use appropriate emergency procedures.

Use flight controls in the proper combination and aircraft configuration as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.

Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.

Land the aircraft, as appropriate to the scenario presented by the evaluator.

Complete the appropriate checklist(s).

Make radio calls as appropriate.

Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.

The procedures used during a powerplant(s) failure on takeoff, the appropriate reference airspeeds, and the specific pilot actions required.

Operational considerations to include: aircraft performance (e.g., sideslip, bank angle, etc.), takeoff warning systems, runway length, surface conditions, density altitude, wake turbulence, environmental conditions, obstructions, and other related factors that could adversely affect safety.

Powerplant(s) failure.

Reaction to the loss of power from one or more powerplants.

Deceleration in a space-limited environment.

Windshear.

Dividing attention inside and outside the aircraft.

Runway incursion.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Abnormal operations, including planning for.

a. Rejected takeoff

b. Powerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight

Energy management.

Recognize that a powerplant failure has occurred while performing a rolling takeoff.

Input the appropriate flight control(s) and configure the aircraft for maximum deceleration.

Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.

Land the aircraft, as appropriate to the scenario presented by the evaluator.

Apply braking as appropriate.

Refer to the checklist to ensure that the emergency procedure was followed correctly.

Make radio calls as appropriate.

Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.

Flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering the aircraft with powerplant(s) inoperative, including the importance of drag reduction and appropriate aircraft configuration.

Aircraft/powerplant limitations.

Powerplant restart procedures and conditions where a restart attempt is appropriate.

Causes of asymmetric thrust conditions and appropriate responses.

Potential powerplant(s) failure during flight.

Following checklist procedures for a powerplant(s) failure or a powerplant(s) restart.

Identifying the powerplant(s) that failed.

Collision hazards.

Aircraft configuration.

Factors and situations that could lead to loss of control with an inflight powerplant(s) failure.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and maintain positive aircraft control.

Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate emergency procedures and checklist(s) for powerplant shutdown.

Use flight controls and configure the aircraft in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required, to maintain best performance, and trim as required.

Determine the cause for the powerplant(s) failure and if a restart is a viable option.

Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.

Maintain the airspeed ±10 knots, the specified heading ±10°, and altitude ±100 feet as specified by the evaluator and within the aircraft’s capability.

Consider a powerplant restart and, if appropriate, demonstrate the powerplant restart procedures in accordance with the manufacturer or operator specified procedures and checklists.

Select the nearest suitable airport or landing area.

Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.

Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.

Flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering to a landing with inoperative powerplant(s).

Effects of atmospheric conditions on emergency approach and landing.

Air traffic control (ATC) services to aircraft in distress.

Appropriate approach and landing profiles and aircraft configurations.

Causes of asymmetric thrust conditions and appropriate responses.

Go-around/rejected landing procedures with a powerplant failure.

Planning for a powerplant failure inflight or during an approach.

Planning and following a flightpath to the selected landing area.

Collision hazards.

Flight control input(s).

Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Performing a go-around/rejected landing with a powerplant failure.

Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and maintain positive aircraft control.

Follow the manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures and complete the appropriate checklist.

Use flight controls and configure the aircraft as required to maintain best performance or as recommended by the manufacturer.

Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.

Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.

Proceed toward the nearest suitable airport or landing area.

Prior to beginning the final approach segment, maintain the desired altitude ±100 feet, the desired airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°, and accurately track courses, radials, and bearings.

Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, ±5 knots, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.

Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.

Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete after landing checklists.

Flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering to a landing with inoperative powerplant(s).

Missed approach considerations with a powerplant failure.

How to determine a suitable landing location.

Planning for a powerplant failure inflight or during an approach.

Collision hazards.

Aircraft configuration.

Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Landing with a powerplant failure.

Missed approach with a powerplant failure.

Maneuvering in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) with a powerplant failure.

Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and maintain positive aircraft control.

Complete the appropriate emergency procedures and checklist(s).

Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.

Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.

Notify/coordinate with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions as required.

Proceed toward the nearest suitable landing location.

Complete the approach and landing checklists.

Establish the appropriate aircraft configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and operating conditions.

Prior to beginning the final approach segment, maintain the desired altitude ±100 feet, the desired airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°, and accurately track courses, radials, and bearings.

Apply adjustments to the published decision altitude (DA)/decision height (DH) and visibility criteria for the aircraft approach category, as appropriate, for factors that include Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs), inoperative aircraft or navigation equipment, inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment, etc.

Establish a predetermined rate of descent at the point where vertical guidance begins, which approximates that required for the aircraft to follow the vertical guidance.

Fly and maintain a stabilized approach, adjusting pitch and power as required, allowing no more than ¼-scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral guidance indications.

Maintain a stabilized final approach from the Final Approach Fix (FAF) to DA/DH allowing no more than ¼-scale deflection (either side of the center position) of the vertical or lateral guidance indications and maintain the desired airspeed ±5 knots.

Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing or missed approach.

Assess if the required visual references are available, and either initiate the missed approach procedure or continue for landing.

Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown or during the missed approach.

Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.

Prevention of unusual attitudes, including flight causal, physiological, and environmental factors, and system and equipment failures.

Procedures for recovery from unusual attitudes in flight.

Procedures available to safely regain visual meteorological conditions (VMC) after flight into inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions or unintended instrument meteorological conditions (IIMC)/(UIMC).

Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.

Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).

Assessment of the unusual attitude.

Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.

Collision hazards.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Interpreting flight instruments.

Control application solely by reference to instruments.

Operating envelope considerations.

Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation to identify an unusual attitude (including both nose-high and nose-low) in flight, and apply the appropriate flight control, power input, and aircraft configuration in the correct sequence, to return to a stabilized level flight attitude.

Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.

Elements of vortex ring state.

Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.

Requirements for the formation of VRS.

Aircraft systems that aid the pilot in avoiding VRS, if applicable.

Aerodynamics and indications of VRS.

Flight scenarios under which VRS can occur.

Asymmetric VRS, if applicable.

Effective recovery techniques.

Control inputs and configuration changes to recover from VRS.

Conditions for entering VRS.

Pilot recognition and response to VRS.

Loss of control.

Collision hazards.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

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