Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Powered-Lift CategoryFAA-S-ACS-17
Area of Operation VI
Landings and Approaches to Landings
5 Tasks
Task A Normal Approach and Landing
References
14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a normal approach and landing.
Note
See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Note
If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Knowledge
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach speed and angle.
A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
Use of proper thrust vector angle for transition to landing.
Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
Risk Management
Arrival point selection.
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Runway/arrival point surface/condition
Planning for:
a. Rejected landing and go-around
b. Powerplant failure during the approach
Collision hazards.
Distractions and task management, lapse in situational awareness, and identifying the airport surface approach and landing area.
Skills
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Make radio calls as appropriate.
Use manufacturer's recommended technique and remain within airspeed range allowed for each configuration change.
Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions and select a suitable landing point.
Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
Fly a stabilized approach.
Execute a timely go-around for any condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task B Normal Approach to a Hover
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with approach profile to a hover.
Note
See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge
Types of approaches and applicability.
Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and density altitude, on approach and hover performance.
Wind correction techniques on approach and hover.
Aircraft configurations for the approach and hover.
Aircraft performance and limitations.
Risk Management
Selection of runway/helipad/touchdown point based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Vortex ring state (VRS)
f. Runway/arrival point surface/condition
Situations including:
a. Rejected landing and go-around
b. Powerplant failure during the approach
Collision hazards.
Flat light conditions.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
Use the appropriate techniques and aircraft configurations through all stages of the approach.
Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions and select a suitable hover point.
Maintain appropriate ground track with crosswind correction throughout the approach.
Fly a stabilized approach.
Arrive over the arrival point at a stabilized hover ±2 feet.
Execute a timely go-around for any condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task C Steep Approach and Landing
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a steep approach to the surface.
Note
See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge
A stabilized steep approach.
Approach techniques and applicability.
Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
Effects of atmospheric conditions on approach and landing performance.
Wind correction techniques.
Aircraft configuration.
Aircraft performance and limitations.
Risk Management
Selection of the approach path and landing area.
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Vortex ring state (VRS)
f. Landing point condition
Planning for:
a. Rejected landing and go-around
b. Powerplant failure during the approach
Landing in an area or in conditions where a takeoff/climb may not be possible.
Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) and flat light conditions.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Position the flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.
Maintain awareness of aircraft performance, limitations, and relative position throughout the maneuver.
Arrive over the touchdown point on the surface ±5 feet from intended landing point or, at the discretion of the evaluator, at a stabilized hover ±5 feet height.
Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task D Running/Roll-On Landing
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with running/roll-on landing operation.
Note
See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Note
If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Knowledge
H/V diagram, if applicable.
Aircraft performance and limitations.
Aircraft configuration.
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
Risk Management
Situations including:
a. Powerplant failure during approach
b. Rejected landing
Effects of:
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
c. Tailwind
d. Wake turbulence
e. Runway surface/condition
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s), prior to takeoff.
Ensure the aircraft is correctly configured for the landing.
Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
Maintain a ground track that ensures the desired traffic pattern flown takes into consideration obstructions and ATC or evaluator instructions.
Ensure the aircraft is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface.
Consider the wind conditions, aircraft performance, landing surface, obstructions, and select a suitable touchdown point.
Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.
Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during round out and touchdown.
Touch down at the appropriate speed, aircraft configuration and pitch attitude.
On touchdown, maintain proper ground track.
After touchdown, reconfigure the aircraft for surface/hover taxi.
Execute a timely go-around for any condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task E Go-Around/Rejected Landing
References
AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a go-around/rejected landing.
Note
See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Knowledge
Situations and considerations on approach that could require a go-around/rejected landing.
Effects of atmospheric conditions on a go-around or rejected landing.
Aircraft configuration changes and techniques for the go-around.
Go-around/rejected landing procedures, the importance of a timely decision, and appropriate airspeeds for the maneuver.
Wind correction techniques.
Risk Management
Recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected landing.
Aircraft performance.
Application of power.
Aircraft configuration.
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Make a timely decision to go-around/reject the landing.
Apply the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establish an aircraft configuration necessary to obtain the desired performance.
Establish a positive rate of climb and the appropriate airspeed ±5 knots.
Configure the aircraft, as appropriate.
Maintain the ground track, heading, or course appropriate for the conditions, or as specified by ATC or the evaluator.
Make radio calls as appropriate.
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.