In-flight Maneuvers

Energy management concepts.

Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:

a. Maintaining coordinated flight

b. Overbanking tendencies

c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes

d. Load factor and accelerated stalls

e. Rate and radius of turn

Spatial disorientation when conducting a steep turn while flying by reference to instruments.

Collision hazards including aircraft and terrain.

Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Uncoordinated flight.

Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).

Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).

Establish at least a 45° bank solely by reference to instruments and make a coordinated steep turn of at least 180°, as specified by the evaluator.

Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator.

Make smooth pitch, bank, and power adjustments as needed.

Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the specified heading, ±10°.

Avoid any indication of an impending stall, abnormal flight attitude, or exceeding any structural or operating limitation during any part of the Task.

Procedures for recovery from unusual flight attitudes.

Unusual flight attitude causal factors, including physiological factors, system and equipment failures, and environmental factors.

The operating envelope and structural limitations for the aircraft.

Effects of engine location, wing design, and other specific design characteristics that could affect aircraft control during the recovery.

Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).

[Archived]

Operating envelope considerations.

Interpreting flight instruments.

Assessment of the unusual attitude.

Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.

Control application solely by reference to instruments.

Collision hazards.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation to identify an unusual attitude (including both nose-high and nose-low) in flight, and apply the appropriate flight control, power input, and aircraft configuration in the correct sequence, to return to a stabilized level flight attitude.

All specific flight and performance characteristics associated with the aircraft.

Specific flight and performance characteristics, their effects, and applicable procedures.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Use proper techniques, checklists, and procedures to enter into, operate within, and recover from specific flight situations, as applicable.