Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical KnowledgeFAA-H-8083-25C

Index

10 pagesPages I-1–I-10

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Adjustable stabilizer.....................................................6-12

Adverse balance ...........................................................10-3

Adverse conditions.......................................................13-5

Adverse yaw...................................................................6-3

Advisory circular (AC) ................................................1-10

Aeromedical factors .....................................................17-1

Aeronautical charts ............................................ 14-3, 16-2

Aeronautical decision-making .......................................2-1

History of ADM .........................................................2-2

Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) ......................1-9

After-landing ..............................................................14-34

Ailerons ..........................................................................6-3

Coupled ailerons .........................................................6-4

Differential ailerons....................................................6-4

Frise-type ailerons ......................................................6-4

Airborne radar ..............................................................13-4

Aircraft documents.........................................................9-6

Aircraft engine ...............................................................7-1

Aircraft inspections ........................................................9-8

100-hour Inspection....................................................9-8

Altimeter system inspection .......................................9-9

Annual inspection .......................................................9-8

Preflight inspections ...................................................9-9

Transponder inspection ..............................................9-9

Aircraft maintenance ......................................................9-8

Aircraft owner/operator responsibilities ......................9-13

Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) ........3-13

Aircraft types and categories .......................................1-15

Air data computer (ADC) ............................................8-14

Airfoil..................................................................... 4-6, 4-7

Leading edge ..............................................................4-6

Trailing edge...............................................................4-6

Airframe systems .........................................................7-25

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 ..................................1-7

Air masses ..................................................................12-17

Air navigation ..............................................................16-1

Airplane........................................................................1-15

Airplane flight manuals (AFM) ......................... 9-1, 16-17

Airport beacon ...........................................................14-16

Airport lighting ..........................................................14-18

Airport markings ..........................................................14-5

Other markings .......................................................14-15

Runway markings .....................................................14-5

Taxiway markings ..................................................14-11

Airports ........................................................................14-2

Civil airports .............................................................14-2

Military/federal government airports .......................14-2

Private airports .........................................................14-2

Towered ....................................................................14-2

Nontowered ..............................................................14-2

Airport signs...............................................................14-15

Destination signs ........................................ 14-12, 14-16

Direction signs........................................................14-16

Information signs....................................................14-16

Location signs ........................................................14-15

Mandatory instruction signs ...................................14-15

Runway distance remaining signs ..........................14-16

Airport surveillance radar ............................................13-4

Air Route surveillance radar (ARSR) ..........................13-2

Air Route traffic control center (ARTCC) ...................13-2

Airship..........................................................................1-15

Airspace .......................................................................15-1

Airspeed ............................................................. 9-2, 16-10

Airspeed indicator (ASI) ..............................................11-2

Airspeed indicator markings ..........................................8-9

Airspeed limitations .......................................................8-9

Airspeed tape ...............................................................8-12

Air traffic control (ATC) ................................. 14-24, 15-7

Airworthiness certificate ................................................9-7

Airworthiness directives (ADs) ...................................9-12

Alcohol.......................................................................17-15

Alert areas ....................................................................15-4

Alternator .....................................................................7-30

Altimeter .............................................................. 8-3, 8-13

Setting the altimeter....................................................8-5

Altimeter operation ........................................................8-6

Altitude ................................................................ 8-6, 12-6

Absolute altitude.........................................................8-7

Density altitude...........................................................8-7

Indicated altitude ........................................................8-6

Pressure altitude .........................................................8-7

True altitude ...............................................................8-6

Altitude-induced decompression sickness (DCS)......17-18

Ammeter ......................................................................7-31

Aneroid barometer .......................................................12-5

Aneroid wafer ................................................................8-3

Angle of attack (AOA)...................................................6-4

Anti-ice ........................................................................7-40

Antiservo tab ........................................................ 3-6, 6-11

Approach light systems ..............................................14-16

Arm ..............................................................................10-4

Assembling necessary material ..................................16-17

ATC Automation ...........................................................1-6

ATC delays ..................................................................13-5

ATC radar beacon system (ATCRBS) .......................14-24

ATC radar weather displays.......................................13-16

Atmosphere ................................................. 4-1, 11-2, 12-2

Atmospheric circulation ...............................................12-3

Atmospheric pressure........................................... 4-3, 11-2

Atmospheric stability .................................................12-12

Attitude indicator ............................................... 8-13, 8-18

Autokinesis ................................................................17-26

Automatic decision-making .........................................2-21

Operational pitfalls ...................................................2-21

Automatic direction finder (ADF) .............................16-29

Automation ..................................................................2-25

Automation management .............................................2-31

Autopilot ......................................................................6-12

Autopilot systems.........................................................2-27

Aviation forecasts ........................................................13-9

Area forecasts (FA) ...................................... 13-9, 13-10
Terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF) .......................13-9
Forecast change group .........................................13-9
Forecast significant weather ................................13-9
Forecast sky condition ..........................................13-9

Forecast visibility .................................................13-9

Forecast wind .......................................................13-9

ICAO station identifier .........................................13-9

Probability forecast ..............................................13-9

Type of report .......................................................13-9

Aviation medical examiner (AME) .............................17-2

Aviation routine weather report (METAR) ...............12-17

Aviation safety inspector (ASI) .....................................1-9

Aviation weather reports ..............................................13-5

Aviation routine weather report (METAR)

Altimeter setting ....................................................13-7

Modifier ................................................................13-6

Remarks ................................................................13-7

Sky condition .........................................................13-7

Station identifier ...................................................13-6

Temperature and dew point ..................................13-7

Type of report .......................................................13-6

Visibility ................................................................13-6

Weather .................................................................13-6

Wind ......................................................................13-6

Zulu time ...............................................................13-7

Pilot weather reports (PIREPs).................................13-8

Axes of an aircraft ........................................................5-12

Axes of rotation..............................................................6-3

Balance.........................................................................10-2

Balance tabs .................................................................6-11

Balloon .........................................................................1-15

Barbs ..........................................................................12-12

Basic aerodynamics .......................................................3-2

Drag ............................................................................3-2

Lift ..............................................................................3-2

Thrust .........................................................................3-2

Weight ........................................................................3-2

Basic empty weight ......................................................10-4

Bernoulli, Daniel ............................................................4-6

Bernoulli’s Principle of Differential Pressure................4-6

Best angle-of-climb speed (VX) ...................................8-10

Best rate-of-climb speed (VY) ......................................8-10

Binocular cues............................................................17-26

Blade angle...................................................................5-28

Bleed air heating systems.............................................7-30

Blocked pitot system ....................................................8-10

Blocked static system...................................................8-11

Boundary layer ..................................................... 5-6, 5-46

Brake horsepower (BHP) ..................................... 7-6, 7-24

Brakes ..........................................................................7-34

Bus bar .........................................................................7-31

Cabin pressure control system .....................................7-35

Cabin pressurization system ........................................7-35

Calibrated airspeed (CAS) ................................. 8-9, 11-18

Canard ............................................................................6-7

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning .............................17-12

Carburetor air temperature gauge ................................7-11

Carburetor heat.............................................................7-10

Carburetor icing .............................................................7-9

Carburetor systems.........................................................7-8

Float-type carburetor ..................................................7-8

Pressure-type carburetor .............................................7-9

Ceiling ........................................................................12-17

Center of gravity (CG) ....................................... 10-2, 10-4

CG limits ..................................................................10-5

CG range...................................................................10-5

Central blind spot .......................................................17-21

Certificated flight instructor (CFI) ..................... 1-19, 1-23

Certificate of aircraft registration...................................9-6

Chandelles ....................................................................5-36

Chart Supplement U.S. ..............................................16-17

Clearing procedures ...................................................14-28

Before takeoff .........................................................14-28

Climbs and descents ...............................................14-28

Straight and Level ..................................................14-28

Traffic at VOR sites ...............................................14-28

Traffic patterns .......................................................14-28

Training operations.................................................14-28

Climb performance ......................................................11-6

Angle of climb (AOC)..............................................11-7

Climb Performance Factors ......................................11-8

Rate of climb (ROC) ................................................11-7

Clouds ........................................................................12-15

Cloud classification ................................................12-17

Alto ......................................................................12-17

Castellanus .........................................................12-17

Cirrus ..................................................................12-17

Cumulus ..............................................................12-17

Fracto .................................................................12-17

Lenticularus ........................................................12-17

Nimbus ................................................................12-17

Stratus .................................................................12-17

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) ..............................1-7

Collision avoidance....................................................14-28

Combustion ..................................................................7-18

Combustion heater systems..........................................7-29

Compass heading .......................................................16-16

Composite materials in aircraft ......................................3-9

Composites.....................................................................3-9

Compressor stalls .........................................................7-23

Control .........................................................................10-3

Control instruments......................................................3-13

Controllability .................................................... 5-15, 5-42

Controlled airport .........................................................14-2

Controlled airspace ......................................................15-2

Class A airspace .......................................................15-2

Class B airspace........................................................15-2

Class C airspace........................................................15-2

Class D airspace .......................................................15-2

Class E airspace ........................................................15-2

Controlled firing areas (CFAs) ....................................15-4

Convective currents .....................................................12-7

Convective significant meteorological information (WST).....................................................13-12

Converting KTS to MPH ...........................................16-11

Converting minutes to equivalent hours ....................16-11

Cooling...........................................................................7-1

Coriolis force ...............................................................12-3

Corkscrew effect ..........................................................5-31

Course ........................................................................16-10

Course deviation indicator (CDI)...............................16-23

Course intercept .........................................................16-27

Angle of intercept ...................................................16-27

Rate of intercept .....................................................16-27

Cross-country flying ....................................................16-1

Crosswind and headwind component chart ...............11-25

Current conditions........................................................13-5

Dark adaptation ..........................................................17-23

Datum...........................................................................10-5

Data link weather .......................................................13-21

Data link weather products ........................................13-23

Flight information service-broadcast (FIS-B) ........13-23

Daylight saving time ....................................................16-5

Dead reckoning ..........................................................16-13

DECIDE model ............................................................2-18

Choose (a course of action) ......................................2-20

Detect (the problem).................................................2-20

Do (the necessary actions)........................................2-20

Estimate (the need to react) ......................................2-20

Evaluate (the effect of the action) ............................2-20

Identify (solutions) ...................................................2-20

Decision-making in a dynamic environment ...............2-21

Use of resources .......................................................2-21

External resources ................................................2-23

Internal resources .................................................2-23

Decision-making process .............................................2-12

Dehydration................................................................17-14

Deice system ................................................................7-40

Delta .............................................................................10-5

Density altitude ..............................................................4-4

Density altitude charts................................................11-20

Density altitude (DA)...................................................12-5

Department of transportation (DOT) .............................1-6

Deposition ..................................................................12-15

Designated pilot examiner ...........................................1-24

Design maneuvering speed (VA) ..................................8-10

Destination forecast .....................................................13-5

Determining loaded weight and CG ............................10-7

Deviation .......................................................... 16-8, 16-16

Dew point ....................................................... 12-13, 13-13

Distance measuring equipment (DME) .....................16-27

Doppler radar ...............................................................13-3

Drag........................................................................ 5-1, 5-6

Form drag ...................................................................5-6

Induced drag ....................................................... 5-6, 5-7

Interference drag.........................................................5-6

Parasite drag ...............................................................5-6

Skin friction drag ........................................................5-6

Drift angle ..................................................................16-10

Drugs ..........................................................................17-16

Dutch roll .....................................................................5-20

Dynamic hydroplaning...............................................11-13

Eddy current damping ..................................................8-27

Electrical ........................................................................7-1

Electrical system ..........................................................7-30

Electronic flight display (EFD)............... 3-12, 8-12, 13-18

Elevator .................................................................. 3-6, 6-5

Emergency locator transmitter (ELT) ............................9-9

Empennage............................................................. 3-3, 3-6

Empty-field myopia ...................................................17-22

Engine ............................................................................7-1

Engine cooling systems................................................7-17

Engineered materials arresting systems (EMAS) ......14-35

Engine pressure ratio (EPR).........................................7-22

Engine temperature limitations ....................................7-23

Enhanced flight vision system ...................................17-28
Enhanced night vision systems ..................................17-27
Enhanced situational awareness ...................................2-30
Enhanced taxiway centerline markings .....................14-12

En route forecast ..........................................................13-5

Environmental control systems ......................................7-1

Equipment use..............................................................2-27

Equivalent airspeed (EAS).........................................11-18

Equivalent shaft horsepower (ESHP) ..........................7-24
Estimated time en route (ETE) ..................................16-17
Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) ...................................7-22
Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) gauge ..........................7-9

Exhaust heating systems ..............................................7-29

Exhaust systems ...........................................................7-18

Explosive decompression.............................................7-36

Exposure to chemicals ...............................................17-13

Engine oil ...............................................................17-14

Fuel .........................................................................17-14

Hydraulic fluid .......................................................17-13

Fairings ..........................................................................5-6

False horizon ..............................................................17-26

Fascination (fixation) .................................................17-27

Fatigue........................................................................17-13

FDC NOTAMs.............................................................1-13

Featureless terrain illusion .........................................17-10

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)........................1-3
Federal certification of pilots and mechanics ................1-4
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) . 9-13, 14-22

Field offices ...................................................................1-8

Filing a VFR flight plan .............................................16-21

Flameout ......................................................................7-24

Flaperons ........................................................................6-5

Flaps ...............................................................................6-8

Fowler flaps ................................................................6-9

Plain flap ....................................................................6-8

Split flap .....................................................................6-8

Flicker vertigo ............................................................17-27

Flight ..............................................................................1-2

Flight computers ........................................................16-12

Flight controls ................................................................6-2

Flight control systems ....................................................6-1

Flight diversion ..........................................................16-34

Flight limits ....................................................................9-4

Flight maneuvers..........................................................5-36

Flight planning ...........................................................16-17

Flight school.................................................................1-18

Flight service station ....................................................13-4

Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) .......................1-9

Flight Standards Service (AFS) .....................................1-8

Floor load limit ............................................................10-5

Flux gate compass system............................................8-20

Fog ................................................................. 12-15, 17-10

Advection fog .........................................................12-15

Ice fog .....................................................................12-15

Radiation fog ..........................................................12-15

Sea smoke ...............................................................12-15

Steam fog................................................................12-15

Upslope fog ............................................................12-15

Forces in climbs ...........................................................5-23

Forces in descents ........................................................5-24

Forces in turns ..............................................................5-22

Foreign object damage (FOD) .....................................7-23

Free directional oscillations .........................................5-20

Free-stream velocity.......................................................5-6

Friction ...........................................................................4-2

Fronts .........................................................................12-18

Cold front ...............................................................12-20

Fast-moving cold front .......................................12-20

Occluded front ........................................................12-21

Warm front .............................................................12-18

Fuel ................................................................................7-1

Fuel consumption .......................................................16-11

Fuel contamination.......................................................7-27

Fuel fired geaters..........................................................7-29

Fuel gauges ..................................................................7-26

Fuel grades ...................................................................7-27

Aviation gasoline (AVGAS) ....................................7-27

Supplemental type certificate (STC) ........................7-27

Fuel injection system ...................................................7-11

Fuel load.......................................................................10-5

Fuel primer ...................................................................7-25

Fuel rate .....................................................................16-17

Fuel selectors ...............................................................7-26

Fuel systems .................................................................7-25

Fuel-pump system ....................................................7-25

Gravity-feed system .................................................7-25

Fuel tanks .....................................................................7-25

Full authority digital engine control (FADEC)............7-20

Fuselage .........................................................................3-3

G
General Aviation Manufacturers

Association (GAMA) .....................................................9-2

Generator......................................................................7-30

Glider ...........................................................................1-15

Global positioning system (GPS)..................... 3-13, 16-30

RAIM capability .....................................................16-32

Selective availability ..............................................16-31

VFR use of GPS .....................................................16-32

Graphical METARs ...................................................13-21

Ground adjustable tabs.................................................6-11

Ground lighting illusions ...........................................17-10

Ground power unit (GPU) ...........................................7-30

Groundspeed (GS) .................................. 8-9, 16-10, 16-17

Gyroscopic action ..................................... 5-31, 5-32, 8-15

Precession .................................................................8-15

Rigidity in space .......................................................8-15

Gyroscopic attitude indicators .....................................6-12

Gyroscopic flight instruments ......................................8-15

Gyroscopic principles ..................................................8-15

Hazard ............................................................................2-4

Hazardous attitudes ........................................................2-5

Hazardous in-flight weather advisory (HIWAS) .........13-4

Haze ...........................................................................17-10

Heading ......................................................................16-10

Heading indicator ............................................... 8-13, 8-19

Heatstroke ..................................................................17-14

High speed flight ..........................................................5-44

Hypersonic................................................................5-45

Subsonic flow ................................................. 5-44, 5-45

Supersonic flow ........................................................5-44

Transonic ..................................................................5-45

High speed flight controls ............................................5-49

High speed stalls ..........................................................5-36

Horizontal situation indicator ....................................16-24

Human behavior ...........................................................2-11

Humidity ............................................................ 4-5, 12-13

Relative humidity ...................................................12-13

Hydraulic systems ........................................................7-31

Hydromechanical ...........................................................6-2

Hyperventilation ..........................................................17-4

Hypoxia ........................................................................17-3

Histotoxic hypoxia ...................................................17-4

Hypemic hypoxia .....................................................17-3

Hypoxic hypoxia ......................................................17-3

Stagnant hypoxia ......................................................17-3

Ice.................................................................................5-26

Icing ...........................................................................12-24

Ignition ...........................................................................7-1

Ignition system .............................................................7-15

Illusions ........................................................................17-6

Impact pressure chamber and lines ................................8-2

Inches of mercury ........................................................12-4

Inclinometer .................................................................8-18

Indicated airspeed (IAS) .................................... 8-8, 11-18

Induction ........................................................................7-1

Induction system ............................................................7-7

In-flight weather advisories .......................................13-11

AIRMET.................................................................13-11

SIGMET .................................................................13-12

In-runway lighting .....................................................14-18

Instrument landing system (ILS) .................................3-13
Intelligent flight control systems (IFCS) .......................6-2
International Civil Aviation Organization

(ICAO) ............................................................... 4-3, 14-22

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) .. 4-3, 11-2, 12-5

Inversion ....................................................................12-13

Isobars ........................................................................12-12

Jet-fueled piston engine .................................................7-4

Knowledge examination ..............................................1-21

Lags ..............................................................................8-27

Land and hold short lights..........................................14-18

Landing ......................................................................14-34

Landing charts............................................................11-26

Landing gear ..........................................3-3, 3-7, 7-1, 7-33

Landing gear extended speed (VLE) .............................8-10

Landing gear operating speed (VLO) ............................8-10

Landing performance .................................................11-16

Landing strip indicators .............................................14-20

Lattitude .......................................................................16-3

Lazy eights ...................................................................5-36

Leading edge device ......................................................6-9

Leading edge cuffs ...................................................6-10

Leading edge flaps....................................................6-10

Leads ............................................................................8-27

Licensed empty weight ................................................10-5

Lift..................................................................................5-1

Lift/drag ratio .................................................................5-5

Lighter-than-air aircraft ...............................................1-15

Lightning ....................................................................12-25

Lightning strike protection...........................................3-11

Likelihood of an event ...................................................2-6

Improbable..................................................................2-6

Occasional ..................................................................2-6

Probable ......................................................................2-6

Remote .......................................................................2-6

Load distribution ..........................................................5-43

Loadmeter ....................................................................7-31

Local airport advisory ..................................................15-6

Longitude .....................................................................16-3

Lost procedures ..........................................................16-34

Lubrication .....................................................................7-1

Mach buffet ..................................................................5-49

Mach number ...............................................................5-45

Magnetic compass........................................................8-23

Induced errors ...........................................................8-24

Acceleration error ................................................8-26

Deviation...............................................................8-24

Dip errors .............................................................8-25

Northerly turning errors .......................................8-26

Oscillation error ...................................................8-27

Southerly turning errors .......................................8-26

Variation ...............................................................8-24

Magnetic compasses ....................................................6-12

Magnetic heading .......................................................16-16

Magnus effect.................................................................4-6

Maintenance entries .....................................................9-10

Managing aircraft automation ......................................2-29

Maneuverability ...........................................................5-15

Manifold absolute pressure (MAP)................................7-6

Maximum landing weight ............................................10-5

Maximum ramp weight ................................................10-5

Maximum takeoff weight.............................................10-5

Maximum weight .........................................................10-5

Maximum zero fuel weight ..........................................10-5

Mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) ...................... 5-13, 10-5

Measurement of direction ............................................16-5

Medical certificate .......................................................17-2

Medical certification requirements ..............................1-20

Meridians .....................................................................16-3

Mesopic vision ...........................................................17-21

Mesosphere ..................................................................12-3

Meteorologists..............................................................13-1

Microjets ......................................................................7-20

Middle ear ....................................................................17-5

Military operation areas (MOAs).................................15-4
Military training routes (MTRs) ..................................15-6
Minimum control speed (VMC) ..................................8-10
Minimum equipment lists (MEL) ..................................9-9

Mixture control ..............................................................7-9

Moisture .....................................................................12-13

Moment ........................................................................10-5

Moment arm ....................................................... 10-4, 5-13

Moment index ..............................................................10-5

Monocoque ............................................................ 3-3, 3-8

Motion sickness .........................................................17-12

Multi-function display (MFD) ......................... 3-12, 13-18

N1 indicator ..................................................................7-23

N2 indicator ..................................................................7-23

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(NASA) ................................................................ 6-2, 3-13

National airspace system..............................................15-7

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

(NOAA) .........................................................................4-5

National security areas (NSAs) ....................................15-7

National weather service (NWS) .................................13-1

Navigation instruments ................................................3-13

Negative arm ..............................................................10-10

Negative dynamic stability ..........................................5-15

Negative static stability ................................................5-14

Net thrust......................................................................7-24

Neutral dynamic stability .............................................5-15

Neutral static stability ..................................................5-14

Newton’s Basic Laws of Motion ...................................4-5

Newton’s First Law........................................................4-5

Newton’s First Law of Motion ....................................5-22

Newton’s Second Law ...................................................4-5

Newton’s Third Law ......................................................4-6

Newton’s Third Law of Physics ..................................5-31

Next generation weather radar system

(NEXRAD) ................................................................13-18

Abnormalities .........................................................13-21

Limitations .............................................................13-21

Night blind spot..........................................................17-22

Night landing illusions ...............................................17-27

Night vision................................................................17-22

Night vision illusions .................................................17-26

Night vision protection ..............................................17-23

Nondirectional beacon (NDB) .....................................3-13

Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)......................................13-5

FDC NOTAMs .........................................................1-12

NOTAM composition ..............................................1-13
NOTAM (D) information .........................................1-12
O

Obstruction lights .......................................................14-19

Dual lighting ...........................................................14-19

High intensity white obstruction lights ..................14-19

Red obstruction lights.............................................14-19

Obstructions on wind ...................................................12-8

Oil Systems ..................................................................7-16

Operational incidents (OI) .........................................14-31

Optical illusions .........................................................17-10

Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) .....................7-4

Outside air temperature (OAT) gauge ............... 7-11, 8-28

Oxygen masks ..............................................................7-38

Oxygen systems ...........................................................7-37

Continuous-flow oxygen system ..............................7-38
Diluter-demand oxygen systems ..............................7-38
Electrical pulse-demand oxygen system ..................7-38
Pressure-demand oxygen systems ............................7-38
P
Parachute jump aircraft operations ..............................15-6

Parachute jumps .........................................................15-11

Parallels ........................................................................16-3

PAVE checklist ..............................................................2-8

Payload.........................................................................10-5

Pennants .....................................................................12-12

Perceive, Process, Perform (3P)...................................2-15

Forming good safety habits ......................................2-18

Performance .................................................................11-5

Performance charts.....................................................11-19

Performance data .........................................................11-1

Performance instruments .............................................3-12

P factor ............................................................... 5-30, 5-32

Photopic vision...........................................................17-20

Pilotage ......................................................................16-12

Pilot certifications ........................................................1-16

Airline transport pilot ...............................................1-18

Commercial pilot ......................................................1-18

Private pilot ..............................................................1-17

Recreational pilot .....................................................1-17

Sport pilot .................................................................1-16

Pilot deviations...........................................................14-31

Pilot’s operating handbook (POH)..................... 9-1, 16-17

Pitch .............................................................................5-13

Pitching ........................................................................5-15

Pitot-static flight instruments .........................................8-1

Placards ..........................................................................9-4

Plotter .........................................................................16-12

Positive dynamic stability ............................................5-15

Positive static stability .................................................5-14

Postural considerations ................................................17-8

Powered-lift..................................................................1-15

Powered parachute .......................................................1-15

Powerplant ...............................................3-3, 3-7, 7-1, 9-3

Practical test .................................................................1-22

Precipitation ...............................................................12-17

Precision approach path indicator (PAPI)..................14-16

Pre-landing .................................................................14-34

Pressure ..........................................................................4-3

Pressure altimeter ...........................................................8-3

Pressure altitude ................................................... 4-4, 11-3

Pressurized aircraft.......................................................7-34

Preventive maintenance ...............................................9-10

Primary flight controls ...................................................6-2

Primary flight display ..................................................3-12

Primary locations of the FAA
Field offices
Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) ...............1-9
Flight Standards Service (AFS) ..............................1-8

Primary radar .............................................................14-24

Procedures, vortex avoidance ....................................14-28

Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization

(PATCO) strike ..............................................................1-6

Prohibited areas............................................................15-3

Propeller .......................................................... 3-7, 7-1, 7-4

Adjustable-pitch propeller ..........................................7-6

Fixed-pitch propeller ..................................................7-5

Propeller anti-ice ..........................................................7-41

Propeller blade .............................................................5-28

Propeller principles ......................................................5-28

Published VFR routes ..................................................15-6

Pulse oximeters ............................................................7-39

Radar observations .......................................................13-3

Radar traffic advisories ..............................................14-26

Radio communications...............................................14-22

Radio equipment ........................................................14-22

Radio magnetic indicator (RMI) ................................16-24

Radio navigation ........................................................16-22

Radius of turn...............................................................5-39

Range performance ......................................................11-9

Rapid decompression ...................................................7-36

Reciprocating engines ....................................................7-2

Four-stroke engines ....................................................7-3

Horizontally-opposed engine .....................................7-2

In-line engines ............................................................7-2

Radial engines ............................................................7-2

Two-stroke engine ......................................................7-3

Reference datum ..........................................................10-5

Refueling procedures ...................................................7-29

Region of reversed command ....................................11-11

Repairs and alterations .................................................9-12

Respect for onboard systems .......................................2-29

Restricted areas ............................................................15-3

Retractable landing gear ..............................................7-34

Reversible perspective illusion ..................................17-26

Risk ........................................................................ 2-4, 2-6

Mitigating risk ............................................................2-8

Risk management ...........................................................2-3

Rocket ..........................................................................1-15

Roll...............................................................................5-13

Rolling..........................................................................5-17

Rotorcraft .....................................................................1-15

Gyroplane .................................................................1-15

Helicopter .................................................................1-15

Rough air......................................................................5-37

Rudder .................................................................... 3-6, 6-4

Ruddervators ..................................................................6-8

Runway and terrain slopes illusion ............................17-10

Runway approach area holding position signs and markings.....................................................................14-14

Runway centerline lighting system (RCLS) ..............14-18

Runway confusion .....................................................14-31

Runway end identifier lights (REIL) .........................14-17
Runway holding position marking ...............................14-8
Runway holding position sign .....................................14-6
Runway incursion avoidance .....................................14-30

Runway lighting .........................................................14-17

Runway surface and gradient .....................................11-12

Runway width illusion ...............................................17-10

S
Safety program airmen notification system

(SPANS) ......................................................................1-14

Satellite ........................................................................13-4

Scanning techniques...................................................17-23

Scotopic vision ...........................................................17-21

Sectional charts ............................................................16-2

Segmented circle visual indicator system ..................14-20

Self-Imposed stress ....................................................17-25

Semimonocoque..................................................... 3-3, 3-8

Servicing of oxygen systems .......................................7-39

Severity of an event .......................................................2-6

Catastrophic ................................................................2-6

Critical ........................................................................2-6

Marginal .....................................................................2-6

Negligible ...................................................................2-6

Shock waves.................................................................5-46

Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) ..13-12 Single-engine best rate-of-climb (VYSE) .......................8-10

Single-pilot resource management.................................2-4

Sinus problems .............................................................17-5

Situational awareness ...................................................2-24

Obstacles to maintaining situational awareness .......2-24

Size-distance illusion .................................................17-27

Skidding turn................................................................5-23

Slipping turn.................................................................5-23

Slip/skid indicator ........................................................8-13

Slotted flap .....................................................................6-8

Spatial disorientation ...................................................17-6

Special airworthiness certificate ....................................9-8

Special flight permits ...................................................9-12

Special use airspace .....................................................15-3

Spins.............................................................................5-36

Spiral instability ...........................................................5-20

Spoilers ........................................................................6-10

Squall line ..................................................................12-23

SRM and the 5P check .................................................2-13

Passengers ................................................................2-14

Pilot ..........................................................................2-14

Plan ...........................................................................2-14

Plane .........................................................................2-14

Programming ............................................................2-15

Stabilator ........................................................................6-7

Stability ............................................5-14, 5-42, 10-2, 10-3

Dynamic stability .....................................................5-14

Lateral stability .........................................................5-17

Dihedral ................................................................5-18

Sweepback and wing location ...............................5-18

Keel effect and weight distribution .......................5-18

Longitudinal stability ...............................................5-15

Static stability ...........................................................5-14

Vertical stability .......................................................5-19

Stalls................................................................... 5-25, 5-36

Stall speed performance charts ..................................11-27

Standard airworthiness certificate ..................................9-7

Standard datum plane (SDP)........................................11-3

Standard empty weight ................................................10-5

Standard temperature lapse rate ...................................11-2

Standard weights ..........................................................10-5

Starting system .............................................................7-18

Static pressure chamber and lines ..................................8-2

Station ..........................................................................10-5

Straight and Level ............................................ 11-5, 14-28

Stratosphere..................................................................12-3

Stress ..........................................................................17-12

Stress management.......................................................2-21

Student pilot .................................................................1-20

Student pilot solo requirements ...................................1-21

Subcomponents of an airplane .......................................3-8

Airframe .....................................................................3-8

Brakes .........................................................................3-8

Electrical system.........................................................3-8

Flight controls ............................................................3-8

Sublimation ................................................................12-15

Sumps...........................................................................7-27

Superchargers...............................................................7-12

Surface aviation weather observations (METARs) .....13-2

Sweepback ...................................................................5-48

Synopsis .......................................................................13-5

Synthetic vision system..............................................17-28

Tachometer ..................................................................8-13

Tailwheel landing gear airplanes .................................7-33

Takeoff charts ............................................................11-20

Takeoff performance ..................................................11-14

Taxiway centerline lead-on lights ..............................14-18

Taxiways, marking and lighting of permanently

Closed runways ..........................................................14-14

Temperature ................................................... 12-13, 13-13

Temporary flight restrictions (TFR) ............................15-6
Terminal doppler weather radar (TDWR) ...................13-4
Terminal radar service area (TRSA) ................ 14-26, 15-7

Tetrahedron ................................................................14-20

Thermosphere ..............................................................12-3

Thielert, Frank................................................................7-4

Three-color visual approach path...............................14-17

Thrust ..................................................................... 5-1, 5-2

Thrust horsepower (THP) .................................... 7-6, 7-24

Thunderstorms ...........................................................12-22

Time and distance check from a station .....................16-26

Time Zones ..................................................................16-3

Central standard time................................................16-5

Eastern standard time ...............................................16-5

Mountain standard time ............................................16-5

Pacific standard time ................................................16-5

Tornadoes...................................................................12-23

Torque ..........................................................................5-30

Torquemeter .................................................................7-22

Total distance .............................................................16-17

Touchdown zone lights (TDZL) ................................14-18

Track ..........................................................................16-10

Transcontinental air mail route ......................................1-4

Transcribed weather broadcast (TWEB)

(Alaska only)................................................................13-4

Transponder ...............................................................14-25

Trend vectors ...............................................................8-14

Tricycle landing gear airplanes ....................................7-33

Trim systems ................................................................6-10

Trim tabs .............................................................. 3-6, 6-10

Tropopause...................................................................12-3

Troposphere .................................................................12-2

True airspeed (TAS) .......................................... 8-9, 11-18

True course.................................................................16-16

True heading ..............................................................16-16

Truss structure................................................................3-8

T-tail configuration ........................................................6-6

Turbine engines............................................................7-20

Turbofan ...................................................................7-21

Turbojet ....................................................................7-20

Turboprop .................................................................7-21

Turboshaft ................................................................7-21

Turbosuperchargers............................................ 7-12, 7-13

Turbulence .................................................................12-24

Turn indicators ................................................... 8-13, 8-16

Turn-and-slip indicator .............................................8-16

Turn rate indicator........................................................8-13

Ultralight vehicle .........................................................1-14

Uncontrolled airspace ..................................................15-3

Class G airspace .......................................................15-3

Universal coordinated time (UTC) ..............................16-5

Unmanned free balloons ............................................15-11

Upper air observations .................................................13-2

Useful load ...................................................................10-5

VA ...............................................................................11-18

Variable inlet guide vane (VIGV)................................7-24

Variation .......................................................... 16-6, 16-16

Vector analysis ...........................................................16-13

Vehicle (driver) deviations ........................................14-31

Vertical card magnetic compass ..................................8-27
Vertical speed indicator (VSI) ............................. 8-7, 8-13
Very high frequency (VHF) .......................................16-22

Very high frequency (VHF) omni-directional radio range (VOR) ........................................... 3-13, 16-22

Very light jets (VLJs)...................................................7-20

Vestibular illusions

Coriolis illusion ........................................................17-7

Elevator illusion .......................................................17-8

Graveyard spiral .......................................................17-7

Somatogravic illusion ...............................................17-7

The leans...................................................................17-7

vestibular system..........................................................17-6

VFE ..............................................................................11-18

VFR terminal area charts .............................................16-2

VFR waypoints ..........................................................16-33

Vg diagram...................................................................5-37

Viscosity ........................................................................4-2

Visibility ....................................................................12-17

Vision in flight ...........................................................17-19

Visual approach slope indicator (VASI) ....................14-16

visual flight rules (VFR) ..............................................16-1

Visual glide slope indicators ......................................14-16

Visual illusions.............................................................17-8

Autokinesis ...............................................................17-8

False horizon ............................................................17-8

VLE ..............................................................................11-18

VLO..............................................................................11-18

VNE..............................................................................11-19

VNO .............................................................................11-19

VOR/DME RNAV .....................................................16-28

Vortex avoidance procedures .....................................14-28

Vortex behavior .........................................................14-27

Vortex generation.......................................................14-26

Vortex strength...........................................................14-27

VS0 ..............................................................................11-18

VS1 ..............................................................................11-18

V-Tail .............................................................................6-8

VX ...............................................................................11-18

VY ...............................................................................11-18

Wake turbulence ................................................ 5-9, 14-26

Warning areas ..............................................................15-4

Water refraction .........................................................17-10

WCA ..........................................................................16-10

Weather ........................................................................12-1

Weather avoidance assistance ....................................13-18

Weather briefings .........................................................13-5

Abbreviated briefing.................................................13-5

Outlook briefing .......................................................13-5

Standard briefing ......................................................13-5

Weather charts ...........................................................13-13

Significant weather prognostic charts ....................13-15

Surface analysis chart .............................................13-13

Dew point ............................................................13-13

Present weather ..................................................13-13

Pressure change/tendency ..................................13-13

Sea level pressure ...............................................13-13

Sky cover .............................................................13-13

Temperature ........................................................13-13

Wind ....................................................................13-13

Weather depiction chart..........................................13-15

Weather check ............................................................16-17

Weather products age and expiration .........................13-18

Weight .......................................... 5-1, 5-2, 5-8, 5-40, 10-2

Weight and balance ............................................ 5-40, 10-4

Weight and balance computations............................10-5

Weight and balance restrictions ...............................10-6

Weight and loading distribution.....................................9-3

Weight control .............................................................10-1

Weight-shift-control.....................................................1-15

Wind correction angle (WCA) ...................................16-16

Wind direction indicators...........................................14-20

Wind patterns ...............................................................12-7

Winds and temperature aloft forecast (FB) ................13-13

Winds and temperatures aloft ......................................13-5

Wind shear

Low-level wind shear .............................................12-11

Wind shifts .................................................................12-21

Wind sock ..................................................................14-20

Wind triangle .............................................................16-13

Winglets .........................................................................4-9

Wings .............................................................................3-3

Wingtip vortices .............................................................5-8

World aeronautical charts ............................................16-2

WSR-88D NEXRAD radar ..........................................13-3

Yaw ..............................................................................5-13

Yawing .........................................................................5-19

Yaw String ...................................................................8-18

Zero fuel weight .........................................................10-10