Airman Certification Standards
ACS FI.I.B
Learning Process
Knowledge
Definitions of learning.
Learning theory as it applies to ground and flight instruction, including:
a. Behaviorism
b. Cognitive Theory
Perceptions and insight.
Acquiring knowledge.
Laws of learning.
Domains of learning, including:
a. Cognitive
b. Affective
c. Psychomotor
Characteristics of learning.
Scenario-based training (SBT).
Acquiring skill knowledge, including:
b. Knowledge of results
c. How to develop skills
d. Learning plateaus
Types of practice.
Evaluation versus critique.
Distractions, interruptions, fixation, and inattention.
Memory, including:
b. Short-Term Memory (STM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) 4
c. How usage affects memory
d. Forgetting
Retention of learning.
Transfer of learning.
Risk Management
Inadequate or incomplete instruction.
Lack of learner motivation.
Recognizing and correcting learner errors.
Skill
Apply educational theories to ground and flight instruction.
Recognize and correct conditions that undermine the learning process.
Plan for and use techniques, including realistic distractions that teach flight students how to manage a workload.
Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.