ACS AA.VI.J

Elements related to holding procedures, including reporting criteria, appropriate speeds, and recommended entry procedures for standard, nonstandard, published, and non-published holding patterns.

Determining holding endurance based upon factors, including an expect further clearance (EFC) time, fuel on board, fuel flow while holding, fuel required to destination and alternate, etc., as appropriate.

When to declare minimum fuel or a fuel-related emergency.

Use of automation for holding, including autopilot and flight management systems, if equipped.

Recalculating fuel reserves if assigned an unanticipated expect further clearance (EFC) time.

Scenarios and circumstances that could result in minimum fuel or the need to declare an emergency.

Scenarios that could lead to holding, including deteriorating weather at the planned destination. 48

Holding entry and wind correction while holding.

Holding while in icing conditions.

Automation management.

Correctly identify instrument navigation aids associated with the assigned hold.

Use an entry procedure appropriate for a standard, nonstandard, published, or non-published holding pattern.

Change to the appropriate holding airspeed for the aircraft and holding altitude to cross the holding fix at or below maximum holding airspeed.

Comply with the holding pattern leg length and other restrictions, if applicable, associated with the holding pattern.

Comply with ATC reporting requirements.

Use proper wind correction procedures to maintain the desired pattern and to arrive over the fix as close as possible to a specified time.

Maintain specified airspeed ±10 knots, altitude ±100 feet, headings ±10°, and accurately track a selected course, radial, or bearing.

If available, use automation, including autopilot, flight director controls, and navigation displays associated with the assigned hold.

Update fuel reserve calculations based on EFC times. 49