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  4. Part 121
  5. § 121.409
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14 CFR · Part 121

14 CFR § 121.409

Training courses using flight simulation training devices.

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Read in Subpart N
Part 121 Contents
  • Subpart A: General
  • Subpart E: Approval of Routes: Domestic and Flag Operations
  • Subpart F: Approval of Areas and Routes for Supplemental Operations
  • Subpart G: Manual Requirements
  • Subpart H: Aircraft Requirements
  • Subpart I: Airplane Performance Operating Limitations
  • Subpart J: Special Airworthiness Requirements
  • Subpart K: Instrument and Equipment Requirements
  • Subpart L: Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations
  • Subpart M: Airman and Crewmember Requirements
  • Subpart N: Training Program
  • Subpart O: Crewmember Qualifications
  • Subpart P: Aircraft Dispatcher Qualifications and Duty Time
  • Subpart Q: Flight Time Limitations and Rest Requirements: Domestic Operations
  • Subpart R: Flight Time Limitations: Flag Operations
  • Subpart S: Flight Time Limitations: Supplemental Operations
  • Subpart T: Flight Operations
  • Subpart U: Dispatching and Flight Release Rules
  • Subpart V: Records and Reports
  • Subpart W: Crewmember Certificate: International
  • Subpart X: Emergency Medical Equipment and Training
  • Subpart Y: Advanced Qualification Program
  • Subpart Z: Hazardous Materials Training Program
  • Subpart AA: Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements
  • Subpart DD: Special Federal Aviation Regulations
  • Appendix A to Part 121: First Aid Kits and Emergency Medical Kits
  • Appendix B to Part 121: Airplane Flight Recorder Specification
  • Appendix C to Part 121: C-46 Nontransport Category Airplanes
  • Appendix D to Part 121: Criteria for Demonstration of Emergency Evacuation Procedures Under § 121.291
  • Appendix E to Part 121: Flight Training Requirements
  • Appendix F to Part 121: Proficiency Check Requirements
  • Appendix G to Part 121: Doppler Radar and Inertial Navigation System (INS): Request for Evaluation; Equipment and Equipment Installation; Training Program; Equipment Accuracy and Reliability; Evaluation Program
  • Appendix H to Part 121: Advanced Simulation
  • Appendix K to Part 121: Performance Requirements for Certain Turbopropeller Powered Airplanes
  • Appendix L to Part 121: Type Certification Regulations Made Previously Effective
  • Appendix M to Part 121: Airplane Flight Recorder Specifications
  • Appendix O to Part 121: Hazardous Materials Training Requirements For Certificate Holders
  • Appendix P to Part 121: Requirements for ETOPS and Polar Operations
(a)

Training courses utilizing FSTDs may be included in the certificate holder's approved training program for use as provided in this section.

(b)

Except for the airline transport pilot certification training program approved to satisfy the requirements of § 61.156 of this chapter, a course of training in an FFS may be included for use as provided in § 121.441 if that course—

(1)

Provides at least 4 hours of training at the pilot controls of an FFS as well as a proper briefing before and after the training.

(2)

Provides training in at least the following:

(i)

The procedures and maneuvers set forth in appendix F to this part; or

(ii)

Line-oriented flight training (LOFT) that—

(A)

Utilizes a complete flight crew;

(B)

Includes at least the maneuvers and procedures (abnormal and emergency) that may be expected in line operations;

(C)

Includes scenario-based or maneuver-based stall prevention training before, during or after the LOFT scenario for each pilot;

(D)

Is representative of two flight segments appropriate to the operations being conducted by the certificate holder;

(E)

Provides an opportunity to demonstrate workload management and pilot monitoring skills; and

(F)

Provides an opportunity for each pilot in command to demonstrate leadership and command skills.

(3)

Is given by an instructor who meets the applicable requirements of § 121.412.

(c)

The programmed hours of flight training set forth in this subpart do not apply if the training program for the airplane type includes—

(1)

A course of pilot training in an FFS as provided in § 121.424(e); or

(2)

A course of flight engineer training in an FSTD as provided in § 121.425(d).

(d)

Each certificate holder required to comply with § 121.358 of this part must use an approved FFS for each airplane type in each of its pilot training courses that provides training in at least the procedures and maneuvers set forth in the certificate holder's approved low-altitude windshear flight training program. The approved low-altitude windshear flight training, if applicable, must be included in each of the pilot flight training courses prescribed in §§ 121.409(b), 121.418, 121.424, 121.426, and 121.427 of this part.

Referenced By

Advisory Circulars (1)

  • AC 120-51E

Documents that cite this section, found in their catalog metadata or text. Listed by date, not by significance.

Regulations Referenced

14 CFR 61.15614 CFR 121.44114 CFR Part 121, Appendix F14 CFR 121.41214 CFR 121.42414 CFR 121.42514 CFR 121.35814 CFR 121.40914 CFR 121.41814 CFR 121.426

Reflects the eCFR edition current as of September 29, 2026. Retrieved from ecfr.gov on October 16, 2026.

Primary Source

  • Official Source (14 CFR · Part 121)