Index

• ABORTED TAKEOFF, GYROPLANE 21-1
• ACCELERATE/STOP DISTANCE 21-1
• AERODYNAMICS 2-1, 3-1, 16-1 autorotation, 3-8
• forward flight, 3-5
• general, 2-1
• gyroplane, 16-1
• helicopter, 3-1
• hovering flight, 3-1
• rearward flight, 3-8
• sideward flight, 3-8
• turning flight, 3-8
• vertical flight, 3-4, 16-1

AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING (ADM) 14-1, 22-1 decision-making process, 14-3

• definitions, 14-2
• error chain, 14-1
• factors affecting decision making, 14-5
• hazardous attitudes, 14-6, 22-1
• operational pitfalls, 14-8
• origin, 14-2
• pilot error, 14-1
• risk management, 14-4
• situational awareness, 14-8
• stress management, 14-6
• use of resources, 14-6
• workload management, 14-7
• AGONIC LINE 12-5
• AIRCRAFT LIGHTING 13-3
• AIRFOIL 2-1 angle of attack, 2-2
• camber, 2-2
• center of pressure, 2-1
• chord line, 2-2
• leading edge, 2-2
• pitch angle, 2-2
• relative wind, 2-2
• resultant relative wind, 3-6
• rotational relative wind, 3-6
• span, 2-1
• trailing edge, 2-2
• twist, 2-1
• AIRSPEED INDICATOR 12-1, 18-4
• AIR TAXI 9-9
• AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE 6-4
• ALTIMETER 12-2, 18-4
• ANGLE OF ATTACK 2-2
• ANTI-ICING SYSTEMS 5-11
• ANTITORQUE PEDALS 4-3
• ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE 11-11
• ANTITORQUE SYSTEMS 1-2 tail rotor, 1-2
• fenestron, 1-2
• NOTAR®, 1-2
• APPROACHES confined area, 10-7
• crosswind, 9-20
• night, 13-5
• normal to a hover, 9-19
• normal to the surface, 9-20
• pinnacle, 10-8
• shallow approach, 10-5
• steep, 10-4
• ARM 7-4
• ASYMMETRICAL AIRFOIL 2-1
• ATTITUDE INDICATOR 12-3
• ATTITUDE INSTRUMENT FLYING 12-1
• AUTOKINESIS 13-3
• AUTOPILOT 5-10
• AUTOROTATION 11-1 aerodynamics, 3-8, 16-1
• during instrument flight, 12-19
• from a hover, 11-4
• power recovery, 11-3
• straight-in, 11-2
• with turn, 11-3
• AXIS OF ROTATION 2-2
• BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT 7-1
• BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE 2-3
• BLADE coning, 3-2
• driven region, 3-9, 16-2
• driving region, 3-9, 16-2
• feather, 1-1
• flap, 1-1, 16-6, 20-1
• lead/lag, 1-1
• reverse flow, 16-3
• stall, 11-10
• stall region, 3-9, 16-2
• BLOWBACK 3-8
• BUNTOVER 21-3
• CARBURETOR 5-7 heat, 5-8
• ice, 5-7
• CENTER OF GRAVITY 7-2 aft CG, 7-2
• forward CG, 7-2
• lateral, 7-3, 7-7
• CENTER OF PRESSURE 2-1, 16-5
• CENTRIFUGAL FORCE 3-2, 3-8
• CENTRIPETAL FORCE 3-8
• CLUTCH belt drive, 5-4
• centrifugal, 5-4
• freewheeling unit, 5-4
• sprag, 5-4
• COANDA EFFECT 1-3
• COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 20-1
• COLLECTIVE CONTROL, GYROPLANE 17-2
• COLLECTIVE PITCH CONTROL 4-1

• COLLECTIVE PITCH/THROTTLE COORDINATION 4-2
• COMPASS CORRECTION CARD 12-5
• COMPASS DEVIATION 12-5
• COMPASS ERRORS 12-4
• COMPASS TURNS 12-17
• CONFINED AREA OPERATIONS approach, 10-7
• takeoff, 10-8
• CONING 3-2
• CONING ANGLE 18-1
• CORIOLIS EFFECT 3-2
• CORRELATOR/GOVERNOR 4-2
• CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 14-2
• CYCLIC CONTROL, GYROPLANE 17-1
• CYCLIC PITCH CONTROL 4-2
• DATUM 7-3
• DECISION-MAKING PROCESS 14-3
• DENSITY ALTITUDE 8-1, 20-5
• DIRECT CONTROL 15-2
• DISC LOADING 2-4
• DISSYMMETRY OF LIFT 3-6, 16-3, 20-1
• DIVERSION 11-15
• DRAG 2-5 form, 2-5
• induced, 2-5
• parasite, 2-6
• profile, 2-5
• rotor, 16-4
• skin friction, 2-5
• total, 2-6
• DUAL ROTOR SYSTEM 1-1
• DYNAMIC ROLLOVER 11-7
• EFFECTIVE TRANSLATIONAL LIFT 3-5
• ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 5-8
• EMERGENCIES aborted takeoff, 21-1
• approach and landing, 21-3
• autorotation, 11-1
• buntover, 21-3
• dynamic rollover, 11-7
• ground resonance, 11-7, 21-3
• instrument flight, 12-18
• lift-off at low airspeeds and high angles of attack, 21-1
• lost procedures, 11-16
• low G conditions, 11-10
• low rotor r.p.m. and blade stall, 11-10
• mast bumping, 11-10
• pilot-induced oscillation, 21-2
• power pushover, 21-3
• retreating blade stall, 11-6
• settling with power, 11-5
• systems malfunction, 11-11
• vortex ring state, 11-5
• EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 11-16, 21-4
• ENGINE reciprocating, 5-1, 18-1
• turbine, 5-1
• ENGINE INSTRUMENTS 18-3
• ENGINE STARTING PROCEDURE 9-2, 20-1
• ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 5-10
• EYE 13-1 cones, 13-1
• rods, 13-2
• FALSE HORIZON 13-3
• FENESTRON TAIL ROTOR 1-2
• FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS 20-12
• FLIGHT CONTROLS 1-3, 4-1 antitorque pedals, 4-3
• collective pitch, 4-1, 17-2
• cyclic pitch, 4-2, 17-1
• rudder, 17-2
• swash plate assembly, 5-5
• throttle, 4-1, 17-1
• FLIGHT DIVERSION 11-15
• FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 12-1 airspeed indicator, 12-1, 18-4
• altimeter, 12-2, 18-4
• attitude indicator, 12-3
• heading indicator, 12-3
• magnetic compass, 12-4
• turn-indicators, 12-4
• vertical speed indicator, 12-2

FLIGHT MANUAL (See rotorcraft flight manual) FORCES IN A TURN 3-8 heading indicator, 12-3 turn indicators, 12-4 crosswind landing, 9-20, 20-14 crosswind takeoff, 9-11, 20-4

• FOUR FORCES drag, 2-5, 16-4
• lift, 2-3, 16-4
• thrust, 2-5, 16-4
• weight, 2-4
• FREEWHEELING UNIT 5-4
• FUEL INJECTION 5-8
• FUEL SYSTEMS 5-6
• FULLY ARTICULATED ROTOR 1-1, 5-4, 18-1
• GO-AROUND 9-20, 20-15
• GOVERNOR 4-2 failure, 11-14
• GROSS WEIGHT 7-1
• GROUND EFFECT 3-3
• GROUND HANDLING 18-4
• GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 9-14, 20-8 rectangular course, 9-14, 20-8
• s-turns, 9-16, 20-10
• turns around a point, 9-17, 20-11
• GROUND RESONANCE 11-7, 21-3
• GYROPLANE components, 15-2
• instruments, 18-3
• stability, 16-5
• types, 15-1
• GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS 12-3 attitude indicator, 12-3

• GYROSCOPIC PRECESSION 3-4
• HANG TEST 19-4
• HAZARDOUS ATTITUDES 14-5 anti-authority, 14-6, 22-3
• impulsivity, 14-6, 22-1
• invulnerability, 14-6, 22-1
• macho, 14-6, 22-2
• resignation, 14-6, 22-2
• HEADING INDICATOR 12-3
• HEIGHT/VELOCITY DIAGRAM 11-4, 19-3
• HELICOPTER SYSTEMS 5-1 anti-icing, 5-11
• autopilot, 5-10
• carburetor, 5-7
• clutch, 5-4
• electrical, 5-8
• engine, 5-1
• environmental, 5-10
• flight control, 4-1
• fuel, 5-6
• hydraulics, 5-9
• main rotor, 5-4
• pitot-static, 12-1
• stability augmentation system, 5-10
• swash plate assembly, 5-5
• tail rotor drive, 5-3
• transmission, 5-3
• HIGH RATE OF DESCENT 20-12
• HINGES 5-5
• HOVERING aerodynamics, 3-1
• flight, 9-5
• HOVERING OPERATIONS autorotation, 11-4
• forward flight, 9-7
• rearward flight, 9-8
• sideward flight, 9-7
• turn, 9-6
• vertical takeoff, 9-5
• HOVER TAXI 9-9
• HUMAN FACTORS 14-1
• HYDRAULIC FAILURE 11-14
• INDUCED DRAG 2-5
• INDUCED FLOW 3-6
• INSTRUMENT CROSS-CHECK 12-5
• INSTRUMENT FLIGHT 12-5 aircraft control, 12-7
• bank control, 12-9
• emergencies, 12-18
• straight-and-level flight, 12-7
• straight climbs, 12-11
• straight descents, 12-14
• takeoff, 12-19
• turns, 12-15
• unusual attitudes, 12-18
• INSTRUMENT INTERPRETATION 12-6
• INSTRUMENT TURNS 12-15
• 30° bank turn, 12-17 climbing and descending turns, 12-17
• compass turns, 12-17
• timed turns, 12-16
• turns to a predetermined heading, 12-16
• ISOGONIC LINES 12-5
• LANDING crosswind, 9-11, 20-14
• high-altitude, 20-14
• illusions, 13-4
• night, 13-5
• normal, 20-13
• running/roll-on, 10-5
• short-field, 20-13
• slope, 10-6
• soft-field, 20-14
• LANDING GEAR 1-2, 15-3, 18-4
• LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM 3-2
• L/DMAX 2-6
• LIFT 2-3, 16-4
• Bernoulli’s Principle, 2-3
• magnus effect, 2-3
• Newton’s Third Law of Motion, 2-4
• LIFT-OFF AT LOW AIRSPEED AND HIGH ANGLE OF
• ATTACK 21-1
• LIFT-TO-DRAG RATIO 2-6
• LOAD FACTOR 2-4
• LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR EFFECTIVENESS 11-12
• LOST PROCEDURES 11-16
• LOW G CONDITIONS 11-10
• LOW ROTOR RPM 11-10
• LTE (See loss of tail rotor effectiveness) MAGNETIC COMPASS 12-4
• acceleration/deceleration error, 12-5
• compass correction card, 12-5
• magnetic deviation, 12-5
• magnetic dip, 12-5
• turning error, 12-5
• variation, 12-4
• MAGNUS EFFECT 2-3
• MAIN ROTOR SYSTEM 1-1, 5-4 combination, 5-5
• fully articulated, 1-1, 5-4
• rigid, 1-2, 5-5
• semirigid, 1-2, 5-5
• MANEUVERS 9-1, 10-1, 20-1 after landing and securing, 9-20, 20-15
• approaches, 9-19
• climb, 9-13, 20-6
• confined area operations, 10-7

• descent, 9-14, 20-6
• engine start, 9-2, 20-1
• flight at slow airspeeds, 20-12
• go-around, 9-20, 20-15
• ground reference maneuvers, 9-14, 20-8
• high-altitude landing, 20-14
• high-altitude takeoff, 20-4
• high rate of descent, 20-12
• hovering, 9-5
• jump takeoff, 20-5
• maximum performance takeoff, 10-2
• normal landing, 20-13
• normal takeoff, 20-3
• pinnacle operations, 10-8
• preflight, 9-1, 20-1
• prerotation, 20-2
• quick stop, 10-3
• rapid deceleration, 10-3
• ridgeline operations, 10-8
• rotor engagement, 9-2
• running/rolling landing, 10-5
• running/rolling takeoff, 10-2
• shallow approach, 10-5
• short-field landing, 20-13
• short-field takeoff, 20-4
• slope operations, 10-6
• soft-field landing, 20-14
• soft-field takeoff, 20-5
• steep approach, 10-4
• straight-and-level flight, 9-12, 20-6
• takeoff from a hover, 9-10
• takeoff from the surface, 9-11
• taxiing, 9-8, 20-1
• traffic patterns, 9-18
• turns, 9-12, 20-7
• vertical takeoff, 9-5
• MAST BUMPING 11-10
• MAXIMUM GROSS WEIGHT 7-1
• MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF 10-2
• MEL (See minimum equipment list) MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST 9-1
• MOMENT 7-4
• NEVER EXCEED SPEED (VNE) 3-7, 6-2
• NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION 2-4
• NIGHT APPROACH 13-5
• NIGHT FLIGHT 13-4 approach, 13-5
• collision avoidance, 13-5
• engine starting and rotor engagement, 13-4
• en route procedures, 13-5
• landing, 13-5
• preflight, 13-4
• takeoff, 13-4
• taxi technique, 13-4
• NIGHT MYOPIA 13-3
• NIGHT OPERATIONS 13-1
• NIGHT PHYSIOLOGY 13-1
• NIGHT SCANNING 13-2
• NIGHT VISION 13-2
• NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES 9-20
• NO TAIL ROTOR 1-2
• OPERATIONAL PITFALLS 14-8
• PARASITE DRAG 2-6
• PAYLOAD 1-1, 7-1
• PENDULAR ACTION 3-2, 16-5
• PERFORMANCE CHARTS 8-3, 19-2 climb, 8-5
• hovering, 8-3
• takeoff, 8-5
• PERFORMANCE FACTORS 8-1 altitude, 8-2
• atmospheric pressure, 8-1
• density altitude, 8-1
• humidity, 8-2
• temperature, 8-2
• weight, 8-2
• winds, 8-2
• PILOT ERROR 14-1
• PILOT-INDUCED OSCILLATION (PIO) 21-2
• PINNACLE OPERATIONS approach, 10-8
• landing, 10-8
• takeoff, 10-9
• PITCH, AIRCRAFT 2-2
• PITCH HORN 5-4
• PITOT-STATIC INSTRUMENTS 12-1 airspeed indicator, 12-1, 18-4
• altimeter, 12-2, 18-4
• errors, 12-2
• vertical speed indicator (VSI), 12-2
• PLACARDS 6-3
• POH (See rotorcraft flight manual) POWERPLANT 1-3, 15-2
• POWER PUSHOVER 21-3
• PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 9-1, 20-1 night, 13-4
• PREROTATE 15-2, 18-2, 20-2
• PREROTATOR 18-2 electrical, 18-3
• hydraulic, 18-2
• mechanical, 18-2
• tip jets, 18-3
• PRESSURE ALTITUDE, 8-1
• PROFILE DRAG 2-5
• PROPELLER THRUST LINE 16-5
• QUICK STOP 10-3

• RAPID DECELERATION 10-3
• RECIPROCATING ENGINE 5-1
• RECONNAISSANCE PROCEDURES ground, 10-1
• high, 10-1
• low, 10-1
• RECTANGULAR COURSE 9-14, 20-8
• REFERENCE DATUM 7-3
• RELATIVE WIND 2-2
• RESULTANT RELATIVE WIND 3-6
• RETREATING BLADE STALL 11-6, 16-3
• REVERSE FLOW 16-3
• RIGID ROTOR 1-2, 5-5
• RISK ELEMENTS 14-4
• RISK MANAGEMENT 14-4
• ROLL, AIRCRAFT 2-2
• ROTATIONAL RELATIVE WIND 3-6

ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL 6-1, 19-1 aircraft systems and description, 6-4

• emergency procedures, 6-3, 19-3
• general information, 6-1
• gyroplane, 19-1
• handling, servicing, and maintenance, 6-4
• helicopter, 6-1
• normal procedures, 6-3
• operating limitations, 6-1
• performance, 6-3, 19-2
• safety and operational tips, 6-4
• supplements, 6-4
• weight and balance, 6-4, 19-1
• ROTOR DRAG 16-4
• ROTOR ENGAGEMENT 9-2
• ROTOR FORCE 16-3
• ROTOR LIFT 16-4
• ROTOR SAFETY 9-2
• ROTOR SYSTEMS 5-4, 18-1 combination, 5-5
• fully articulated, 1-2, 5-4, 18-1
• semirigid, 1-2, 5-5, 18-1
• rigid, 1-2, 5-5
• RUDDER 17-2
• SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 9-2
• SEMIRIGID ROTOR SYSTEM 1-2, 5-5, 18-1
• SETTLING WITH POWER 11-5
• SITUATIONAL AWARENESS 14-8
• SKID 9-13, 20-7
• SKIN FRICTION DRAG 2-5
• SLIP 9-13, 20-7
• SLIP/SKID INDICATOR 12-4, 18-4
• SLOPE OPERATIONS landing, 10-6
• takeoff, 10-6
• STABILITY AUGMENTATION SYSTEM (SAS) 5-10
• STABILITY, GYROPLANE 16-5 center of pressure, 16-5
• fuselage drag, 16-5
• horizontal stabilizer, 16-5
• pitch inertia, 16-5
• propeller thrust line, 16-5
• rotor force, 16-6
• trimmed condition, 16-6
• STANDARD ATMOSPHERE 8-1
• STANDARD-RATE TURN 12-4
• STARTING PROCEDURE 9-2
• STATIC STOPS 5-5
• STEADY-STATE FLIGHT 2-4
• STEEP TURNS 20-8
• STRESS MANAGEMENT 14-6
• S-TURNS 9-16, 20-10
• SWASH PLATE ASSEMBLY 5-5
• SYMMETRICAL AIRFOIL 2-1
• SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS 11-11 antitorque, 11-11
• governor, 11-14
• hydraulic, 11-14
• main drive shaft, 11-14
• TACHOMETER 5-3, 18-3
• TAIL ROTOR 1-2, 5-3
• TAIL ROTOR FAILURE 11-11
• TAIL SURFACES 15-2
• TAKEOFF confined area, 10-8
• crosswind, 9-11, 20-4
• from a hover, 9-10
• from the surface, 9-11
• high altitude, 20-4
• jump, 20-5
• maximum performance, 10-2
• night, 13-4
• normal, 20-3
• pinnacle, 10-9
• running/rolling, 10-2
• short-field, 20-4
• slope, 10-6
• soft-field, 20-5
• to a hover, 9-5
• TAXIING 9-8, 20-1 air, 9-9
• hover, 9-9
• night, 13-4
• surface, 9-9
• TEETER BOLT 18-1
• TEETERING HINGE 5-5
• THROTTLE 4-1, 17-1
• THRUST 2-5, 16-4
• TIP JETS 18-3
• TIP-PATH PLANE 2-2, 9-5
• TIP SPEED 3-7, 16-1
• TORQUE 1-1, 3-1
• TOTAL DRAG 2-6
• TOWER BLOCK 18-1
• TOWER PLATE 18-1
• TRAFFIC PATTERNS 9-18
• TRANSLATING TENDENCY 3-1
• TRANSLATIONAL LIFT 3-5

• TRANSMISSION 5-3
• TRANSVERSE FLOW EFFECT 3-6
• TRUE ALTITUDE 8-1
• TURBINE ENGINE 5-1
• TURN COORDINATOR 12-4
• TURN-AND-SLIP INDICATOR 12-4
• TURNS 9-12, 12-15, 20-7 aerodynamics, 3-8
• TURNS AROUND A POINT 9-17, 20-11
• UNANTICIPATED YAW 11-12
• UNDERSLING ROTOR 3-3, 18-1
• UNLOADED ROTOR 21-3
• UNUSUAL ATTITUDES 12-18
• USEFUL LOAD 7-1
• VENTURI EFFECT 2-3
• VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR (VSI) 12-2
• VIBRATIONS 11-14 low frequency, 11-15
• medium and high frequency, 11-15
• VISION IN FLIGHT 13-1 night, 13-2
• VISUAL ILLUSIONS 13-3 autokinesis, 13-3
• false horizon, 13-3
• landing, 13-4
• night myopia, 13-3
• VNE (See never exceed speed) VORTEX RING STATE 11-5
• VSI 12-2
• VX 20-3
• VY 20-3
• WEIGHT 2-4, 7-1 limitations, 7-1
• WEIGHT AND BALANCE 7-1, 19-1 definitions, 7-1, 7-3, 7-4
• WEIGHT AND BALANCE METHODS 7-4 combination method, 7-6
• computational method, 7-4
• loading-chart method, 7-5
• WINGS 15-3
• WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT 14-7
• YAW, AIRCRAFT 2-5