Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – PowerplantFAA-H-8083-32B

Index

11 pagesPages I-1–I-11

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Abrasion .......................................................................10-3

Accelerating System ....................................................2-13

Accessory Section ........................................................1-38

accessory case...........................................................1-38

gear train ...................................................................1-38

Accessory Zone Cooling ..............................................6-39

Adjusting Idle Mixtures ...............................................2-29

Aerodynamic Factors .....................................................7-4

Aerodynamic twisting force...........................................7-9

Aeromax Aviation 100 (IFB) Aircraft Engine ...........11-11

Afterburning/Thrust Augmentation .............................3-27

Afterfiring ..................................................................10-31

Airblast Nozzles ...........................................................2-45

air bleed........................................................................2-11

Air Entrance .................................................................1-37

air filter...........................................................................3-1

Airflow Controls ..........................................................6-10

Airflow Section ............................................................2-21

airframe fuel system.......................................................2-2

Air Oil Coolers.............................................................6-27

Air pressure against the propeller piston .......................7-9

air scoop .........................................................................3-1

air throttle assembly .....................................................2-26

Air Turbine Starters air path ......................................................................5-14

axial flow turbine......................................................5-12

control assembly .......................................................5-15

drive coupling ...........................................................5-12

output shaft assembly ...............................................5-12

pressure-regulating and shutoff valve ......................5-14

ring gear housing ......................................................5-13

rotor switch actuator .................................................5-12

sprag clutch assembly...............................................5-12

transmission housing ................................................5-13

turbine housing .........................................................5-13

Air Turbine Starter Troubleshooting Guide .................5-16
Aluminium Propeller Inspection ..................................7-21
Aluminum Wire Terminals ..........................................4-63

Ambient Conditions ...................................................10-58

American wire gauge (AWG .......................................4-48

Analyzer Safety Precautions ......................................10-61

Anti-Icing Systems.......................................................7-17

APU Fire Detection and Extinguishing System...........9-17

APU Fire Warning....................................................9-18

Fire Bottle Discharge................................................9-18

Area of a Circle ............................................................1-28

Atmospheric air..............................................................1-1

augmentors ...................................................................3-22

Augmentors ..................................................................6-33

Authorized Personnel That Meet FAA Regulations ....11-3

Autofeathering System.................................................7-20

Automatic Mixture Control (AMC) .............................2-18

Auxiliary Ignition Starting Units .................................4-17

Backfiring ..................................................................10-30

baffles...........................................................................6-33

Balancing Procedure ....................................................7-26

ball bearings .................................................................1-53

Ball Bearings................................................................1-22

Basic Engine Operating Principles ............................10-29

Basic Fuel System ..........................................................2-2

Bearings .......................................................................1-22

Bellmouth Compressor Inlets ......................................3-19

Bendix/Precision Fuel-Injection System......................2-21

Bend Radii ...................................................................4-55

Bernoulli’s principle ....................................................1-58

blade angle ............................................................. 7-2, 7-5

Blade Tracking .............................................................7-22

Boeing 777 Aircraft Fire Detection and Extinguishing

System ..........................................................................9-13

Boeing 777 Fire Extinguisher System ......................9-14
Fire Extinguisher Containers ................................9-14
Continuous Fault Monitoring ...................................9-13

Engine Fire Operation ..............................................9-17

Engine Fire Switches ................................................9-16

Fire Detection ...........................................................9-13

Nacelle Temperature Recording...............................9-13

Overheat Detection ...................................................9-13

Single/Dual Loop Operation ....................................9-14

Squib.........................................................................9-16

System Test ..............................................................9-14

Bonding ........................................................................4-65

Brake Horsepower .......................................................1-31

Brayton cycle ...............................................................1-58

Breaker Point Inspection ..............................................4-39

Breather Pressurizing System ......................................6-29

Breather Subsystems ....................................................6-30

Brinelling .....................................................................10-3

brush block ...................................................................7-18

Built-In Engine Timing Reference Marks ...................4-26

Burning ........................................................................10-3

Burnishing ....................................................................10-3

Cam Rings....................................................................1-18

Capacitance ....................................................................4-8

Capacitor Discharge Exciter Unit ................................4-44

Carbon Fouling of Spark Plugs ....................................4-33

carbon seal ...................................................................1-53

Carburetion Principles ...................................................2-5

Application of Venturi Principle to Carburetor..........2-5

Venturi Principles .......................................................2-5

Carburetor Adjustment and Checks ...........................11-24

carburetor air filter .........................................................3-1

Carburetor Air Temperature (CAT) Indicator ...........10-21

carburetor fuel strainer .................................................2-16

Carburetor Icing .............................................................2-8

Fuel evaporation ice ...................................................2-8

Impact ice ...................................................................2-9

Throttle ice .................................................................2-9

Carburetor Induction System .........................................3-1

Induction System Filtering .........................................3-4

Induction System Icing...............................................3-3

Induction System Inspection and Maintenance ..........3-4

Induction System Troubleshooting ............................3-5

Carburetor Removal .....................................................2-27

Carburetor Synchronization .......................................11-17

Carburetor Systems ........................................................2-7

accelerating system.....................................................2-7

idle cutoff system .......................................................2-7

idling system ..............................................................2-7

main metering system.................................................2-7

mixture control system ...............................................2-7

power enrichment system ...........................................2-8

Carburetor Types ...........................................................2-8

float-type carburetor ...................................................2-8

pressure-type carburetor .............................................2-8

Centrifugal force ............................................................7-3

Centrifugal twisting force ...................................... 7-3, 7-9

Centrifugal twisting moment .........................................7-8

Chafing.........................................................................10-3

Changing Oil ................................................................6-17

Assembly of and Installation of Oil Filters ..............6-18

Draining Oil..............................................................6-17

Oil and Filter Change and Screen Cleaning .............6-17
Oil Filter Removal Canister Type Housing..............6-17
Oil Filter/Screen Content Inspection ........................6-17
Troubleshooting Oil Systems ...................................6-18
Charging the Propeller Air Dome ................................7-27

Checking Alignment ....................................................10-9

Checking and Adjusting Propeller Blade Angles ........7-23

Checking Ignition Induction Vibrator Systems ...........4-33

Checking Takeoff Thrust ...........................................10-57

Checking the Carburetor Actuation ...........................11-19
Checking the Friction Torque in Free Rotation .........11-21
Checking the Internal Timing of a Magneto ................4-29
Checking the Propeller Gearbox ................................11-21
Checks and Adjustments After Engine Runup and

Operation......................................................................8-13

Chipping.......................................................................10-3

Circuit Protection Devices ...........................................4-70

Cleaning .......................................................................10-5

Cleaning Propeller Blades............................................7-27

Cleaning the Oil Tank ................................................11-20

Clearances ..................................................................10-52

Cloud Point ....................................................................6-3

Cold Cylinder Check..................................................10-43

Combination Splash and Pressure Lubrication ..............6-4

Combustion Drain Valves ............................................2-46

Combustion Process ...................................................10-29

Combustion Section .....................................................1-43

Combustion Section Inspection .................................10-47

Compactness ..................................................................1-3

Complete fuel system...................................................2-31

Components ...................................................................9-1

Composite Propeller Inspection ...................................7-21

Compression ..............................................................10-31

Compression Ratio .......................................................1-29

Compressor Inlet Screens ............................................3-18

compressors..................................................................1-38

Axial-Flow Compressor ...........................................1-40

rotor.......................................................................1-41

disk-type rotor ...................................................1-41

drum-type rotor ..................................................1-41

stator .....................................................................1-40

Centrifugal-Flow Compressors ................................1-38

compressor manifold .................................. 1-38, 1-39

diffuser ........................................................ 1-38, 1-39

impeller .................................................................1-38

Compressor Section .....................................................1-38

Conductor Insulation....................................................4-52

Dielectric strength ....................................................4-52

Insulation resistance .................................................4-52

Conduit.........................................................................4-69

Connecting Rods .................................................. 1-9, 10-5

Connecting Terminal Lugs to Terminal Blocks...........4-64

Connector Identification ..............................................4-68

Connectors ...................................................................4-67

Constant-Speed Feathering Propeller ..........................7-15

Constant-Speed Propellers ...........................................7-14

constant speed unit (CSU) ...........................................7-32

Containers ......................................................................9-8

Continental/TCM Fuel-Injection System.....................2-25

Continuity Check of Aircraft EGT Circuit ................10-63

Continuous ignition......................................................4-43

Continuous-Loop Detector Systems ..............................9-3
Automatic Self-Interrogation .....................................9-6
Combination Fire and Overheat Warning ..................9-5

Dual-Loop Systems ....................................................9-6

Fault Indication...........................................................9-6

Fenwall Continuous-Loop System .............................9-3
Fire Detection Control Unit (Fire Detection Card) ....9-6
Kidde Continuous-Loop System ................................9-4

Sensing Element .........................................................9-5

Support Tube-Mounted Sensing Elements .................9-6

System Test ................................................................9-5

Temperature Trend Indication ....................................9-5
Controlling or Monitoring the Electrical Load ............4-70
Convergent-Divergent Exhaust Nozzle .......................3-26
Convergent Exhaust Nozzle.........................................3-26

Cooling System ............................................................11-6

Cooling System of Rotax 447 UL SCDI......................11-4

Cooling System of the Rotax 582 UL DCDI ...............11-4

Copper Wire Terminals................................................4-62

Corrosion......................................................................10-3

cowl flaps .....................................................................6-33

Cowling ........................................................................6-33

Crack ............................................................................10-3

Crankshaft .......................................................... 10-5, 10-9

Crankshaft Balance ........................................................1-8

Crankshafts ....................................................................1-7

Crimping Tools ............................................................4-62

Cut ................................................................................10-3

Cutting Wire and Cable ...............................................4-60

Cycling timers ..............................................................7-19

Cylindar Removal ......................................................10-41

Cylinder Assembly Reconditioning ...........................10-11

Cylinder Baffle and Deflector System Inspection .......6-37

Cylinder Barrel.............................................................10-7

Cylinder Barrels ...........................................................1-15

cylinder bases ...............................................................6-34

Cylinder Compression Tests ......................................10-39

Cylinder Grinding and Honing ..................................10-17

Cylinder Head ..............................................................10-4

Cylinder Heads.............................................................1-14

Cylinder Head Temperature Indicator .......................10-23

Cylinder Installation...................................................10-42

Cylinder Numbering ....................................................1-15

Cylinder Replacement................................................10-41

Cylinders ......................................................................1-14

Cylinder Temperature Indicating Systems...................6-37
D
Daily Maintenance Checks ........................................11-21

DC Generators .............................................................4-12

Compound Wound DC Generators ..........................4-13

DC Generator Maintenance ......................................4-13

Generator Ratings .....................................................4-13

Parallel (Shunt) Wound DC Generators ...................4-12

Series Wound DC Generators ..................................4-12

Decarbonizing ..............................................................10-5

decarbonizing solution .................................................10-6

Degreasing ...................................................................10-5

deice boot .....................................................................7-19

Deicing Systems...........................................................7-18

Density altitude ..............................................................3-6

Dent ..............................................................................10-3

Deoiler..........................................................................6-28

Detonation ..................................................................10-29

Dielectric Inspection ....................................................4-41

differential pressure controller .....................................3-13

Differential Pressure Tester .......................................10-39

Diffuser ........................................................................1-43

Dimensional Inspection ...............................................10-7

Direct Cranking Electric Starter.....................................5-2

Direct Cranking Electric Starting System for Large

Reciprocating Engines................................................5-3

motor assembly .......................................................5-3

starter motor ............................................................5-3

Direct Cranking Electric Starting System for Small

Aircraft .......................................................................5-6

Direct Drive VW Engines ..........................................11-12

Disassembly .................................................................10-2

Discharge Indicators ......................................................9-9

discharge nozzle .............................................................2-6

Discharge Valves ...........................................................9-8

Disconnection of Engine Controls .................................8-7

Disconnection of Lines ..................................................8-8

Divided-Entrance Duct ................................................3-17

dome assembly .............................................................7-35

Draining the Engine .......................................................8-6

Dry Sump Lubrication System Operation....................6-11

Dry Sump Oil Systems...................................................6-4

Duplex Fuel Nozzle .....................................................2-44

Durability .......................................................................1-2

Dye Penetrant Inspection .............................................10-6

Dynamic Balancing......................................................7-26

Dynamic Dampers .........................................................1-8

Economizer System .....................................................2-13

Eddy Current Inspection ..............................................10-7

EEC system ..................................................................2-36

Efficiencies ..................................................................1-33

E-gap ............................................................................4-29

EGT Circuit Error ......................................................10-65

Electrical Disconnects ....................................................8-6

Electrical Equipment Installation.................................4-70

Electrical Load Limits..................................................4-70

Electrical Wiring Installation .......................................4-54

Electric Starting Systems and Starter Generator Starting System ..........................................................................5-10

Electric System .................................................. 11-5, 11-8

Electronic Control Unit (ECU) .......................... 4-14, 4-15

Emergency Splicing Repairs ........................................4-63

Engine and Engine Compartment Inspection ............11-23

Engine Checks ...........................................................10-57

Engine Cooling Systems ..............................................6-32

Engine Cowling ...........................................................6-36

Engine Fire Detection Systems ......................................9-2

Engine Fire Extinguishing System.................................9-7
Engine Fuel System Components ................................2-41
Engine General Requirements .....................................11-1

Engine Inspection Charts ...........................................11-25

Engine Instruments ........................................ 10-20, 10-24

Engine Mounts .............................................................8-16

Mounts for Reciprocating Engines ...........................8-16
Mounts for Turbofan Engines ..................................8-17
Turbine Vibration Isolation Engine Mounts ............8-17

Engine Noise Supression .............................................3-29

Engine Oil Pressure Indicator ....................................10-55

Engine Oil Temperature Indicator .............................10-55

Engine Operational Problems ........................................8-2

Engine or Component Lifespan Exceeded .....................8-1

Engine Preservation ...................................................11-23

Engine Preservation and Return to Service .................8-19

Engine Pressure Ratio Indicator.................................10-54

Engines...........................................................................1-3

Inline Engines .............................................................1-3

Opposed engines.........................................................1-4

O-Type Engines..........................................................1-4

Radial Engines............................................................1-4

V-Type Engines..........................................................1-4

Engine Shipping Containers ........................................8-21

Engine Shutdown .......................................................10-58

Engine Speed Varies With Flight Attitude (Airspeed) 7-30

Engine Starting...........................................................10-25

Engine Stopping .........................................................10-28

Engine Thermocouples Out of Calibration ................10-64

Engine Troubleshooting .............................................10-35

Engine Warm-up ........................................................10-25

Erosion .........................................................................10-3

Exhaust Gas Temperature Indicator (EGT) ...............10-55

exhaust leak..................................................................3-23

Exhaust Manifold and Stack Failures ..........................3-24

Exhaust Section................................................ 1-51, 10-54

Exhaust cone.............................................................1-51

exhaust nozzle ..........................................................1-52

insulation blanket .....................................................1-52

tailpipe ......................................................................1-52

Exhaust System ..........................................................11-24

Exhaust System Inspection ..........................................3-22

Exhaust System Repairs...............................................3-24

Exhaust Systems With Turbocharger...........................3-24
F
Factors Affecting Engine Operation ..........................10-31
Factors Affecting Selection of Conductor Material .....4-50
Factors Affecting the Selection of Wire Size ..............4-48
FADEC for an Auxiliary Power Unit ..........................2-36
FADEC Fuel Control Propulsion Engine ....................2-37
FADEC Fuel Control Systems .....................................2-36
FADEC System Description ........................................4-14
Failure To Feather or Feathers Slowly.........................7-30

Feathering ....................................................................7-16

Feathering Operation ...................................................7-37

Fire Detection System Maintenance ............................9-10
Fire Detection System Troubleshooting ......................9-12
Fire Extinguisher System Maintenance Practices. .......9-12

Fire Extinguishing Agents .............................................9-7

Fire Switch .....................................................................9-9

Fire Zones ......................................................................9-7

Firing Order .................................................................1-16

Fittings .........................................................................2-32

Fixed-Pitch Wooden Propellers ...................................7-12

Flaking .........................................................................10-3

Flash Point and Fire Point ..............................................6-3

Float Chamber Mechanism System .............................2-10

Float-Type Carburetors ..................................................2-9

Flow Divider ...................................................... 2-23, 2-45

Fork-and-Blade Rod Assembly....................................1-11

Fretting .........................................................................10-3

Friction ...........................................................................6-1

Rolling friction ...........................................................6-1

wiping friction ............................................................6-1

Friction and Brake Mean Effective Pressures ..............1-32

Friction Horsepower ....................................................1-32

Fuel/Air Control Unit...................................................2-25

Fuel/Air Mixtures...........................................................2-3

Fuel Control Assembly ................................................2-26

Fuel Control Maintenance............................................2-40

Fuel Control Unit .........................................................2-17

idle needle valve .......................................................2-17

manual mixture control ............................................2-17

power enrichment valve ...........................................2-18

regulator fill valve ....................................................2-18

fuel control unit (FCU) ................................................7-33

fuel counter ..................................................................2-46

Fuel Discharge Nozzle .................................................2-27

Fuel Discharge Nozzles ...............................................2-24

Fuel Economy ................................................................1-2

Fuel Filters ...................................................................2-42

Fuel Flow Meter.........................................................10-22

Fuel Heater ...................................................................2-42

Fuel-Injection Pump.....................................................2-25

Fuel-Injection Systems.................................................2-21

Fuel Injector .................................................................2-21

Fuel Manifold Valve ....................................................2-26

Fuel Metering .............................................................10-31

Fuel Metering Devices for Reciprocating Engines ........2-2

Fuel Metering Section ..................................................2-23

fuel metering system ......................................................2-2

Fuel Nozzle and Support Assemblies ........................10-50

Fuel Oil Coolers ...........................................................6-27

Fuel/Oil Mixing Procedure ..........................................11-5

Fuel Pressure and Oil Pressure Check .......................10-27

fuel pressure gauge ......................................................2-24

Fuel Pressure Gauge ....................................................2-32

Fuel Pressure Indicator ..............................................10-21

Fuel Pressurizing and Dump Valves ............................2-45

Fuel Quantity Gauges ..................................................2-32

Fuel Spray Nozzles and Fuel Manifolds ......................2-43

Fuel System........................................................ 11-5, 11-6

Fuel System Inspection and Maintenance....................2-31

Fuel System Operation.................................................2-40

Fuel System Requirements ............................................2-1

Fuel Tanks....................................................................2-32

Functional Check of Aircraft EGT Circuit ................10-63

Functions of Engine Oil .................................................6-1

Galling..........................................................................10-3

Gap Erosion of Spark Plugs .........................................4-35

gas turbine engine ........................................................3-16

Gas Turbine Engine Bearings and Seals ......................1-52

Gas Turbine Engine Performance ................................1-59

Gas Turbine Engines ....................................................1-36

Turbofan engines ......................................................1-36

turbojet .....................................................................1-36

turboprop engine.......................................................1-36

turboshaft engine ......................................................1-37

Gas Turbine Engine Starters ..........................................5-8

General Maintenance Practices for the Light-Sport Jabiru Engines.......................................................................11-23

General Maintenance Practices on Light-Sport Rotax

Engines.......................................................................11-15

General Overhaul Procedures ......................................10-1

General Procedures for Engine Removal and Installation .. 8-3

Gouging........................................................................10-3

govenor ..........................................................................1-6

Governor Mechanism.....................................................7-9

Governor System Operation ........................................7-11

Graphite Fouling of Spark Plugs..................................4-35

Great Plains Aircraft Volkswagen (VW)Conversions11-14 Grooving ......................................................................10-3

Ground Check ............................................................10-26

Grounding ....................................................................4-65

Ground Operation Engine Fire...................................10-57
H
Hamilton Standard Hydromatic Propellers ..................7-34

Harness Testing............................................................4-42

Hartzell Constant-Speed ..............................................7-14

Head Bolts..................................................................11-24

High-Tension Ignition Harness Faults .........................4-41

High-Tension Magneto E-Gap Setting (Bench Timing)..... 4-29

High-Tension Magneto System Theory of Operation ...4-2 High-Tension Retard Breaker Vibrator .......................4-21

HKS 700T Engine ........................................................11-9

Hoisting and Mounting the Engine for Installation .......8-9

Connections and Adjustments ..................................8-10

Horsepower ..................................................................1-28

Hub...............................................................................7-29

hub assembly................................................................7-35

Hunting and Surging ....................................................7-30

Hydraulic Lock ..........................................................10-25

Hydraulic valve lifters..................................................1-21

Hydraulic Valve Tappets/Lifters..................................1-20

hydromatic propeller ....................................................7-35

hydromatic propeller feathering installation ................7-37

Ice Control Systems .....................................................7-17

Identifying Wire and Cable ..........................................4-53

Idle Mixture ...............................................................10-33

Idle Speed Adjustment ...............................................11-19

Idle Speed and Idle Mixture Checks ..........................10-28

Idling System ...............................................................2-12

Igniter Plugs .................................................................4-45

Ignition Harness .............................................................4-7

Ignition Harness Maintenance .....................................4-41

Ignition Switch Check..................................................4-31

Ignition Switches ...........................................................4-8

Impulse Coupling .........................................................4-20

Inclusion.......................................................................10-3

Indicated Horsepower ..................................................1-30

Induction Manifold ....................................................10-33

Inertia Starters ................................................................5-1

Inline engine cylinders .................................................1-15

Inspecting the Magnetic Plug.....................................11-21

Inspection and Depreservation of Accessories ..............8-5

Inspection and Repair of Combustion Chambers ......10-49

Inspection and Replacement of Powerplant External Units and Systems ...................................................................8-5

Inspection Process........................................................10-2

Installation....................................................................4-55

Installation and Testing ..............................................10-19

Installation of Cable Clamps........................................4-57

Installation of Carburetor .............................................2-29

Installation of Connectors ............................................4-69

Internal Muffler Failures ..............................................3-24

Jabiru 2200 Aircraft Engine .......................................11-11

Jabiru Light-Sport Engines ........................................11-10

Knuckle Pins ................................................................1-10

Lacing and Tying Wire Bundles ..................................4-58

Double-Cord Lacing .................................................4-59

Lacing Branch-Offs ..................................................4-59

Single-Cord Lacing ..................................................4-58

Tying ........................................................................4-59

Large springs..................................................................7-9

Lead Fouling of Spark Plugs........................................4-34

Leak Testing...............................................................10-17

Light-Sport Aircraft Engines .......................................11-3

Lines.............................................................................2-32

lock-pitch solenoid valve .............................................7-33

Low-Tension Magneto System ....................................4-11

Low-Tension Retard Breaker Vibrator ........................4-23

Low-Voltage Harness ..................................................4-14

Lubrication System ............................... 11-7, 11-19, 11-24
Lubrication System Breather Systems (Vents) ............6-25
Lubrication System Check Valve ................................6-26
Lubrication System Instrumentation ............................6-25
Lubrication System Maintenance Practices .................6-13
Lubrication System Requirements .................................6-4

Lubrication Systems.....................................................11-4

Lubrication System Thermostatic Bypass Valves .......6-27
Lycoming 0-233 Series Light-Sport Aircraft Engine 11-15
M

Magnetic Chip Detectors .............................................6-28

Magnetic Circuit ............................................................4-2

Magnetic Particle Inspection........................................10-7

magneto ..........................................................................4-7

Magneto and Distributor Venting ..................................4-7
Magneto-Ignition System Operating Principles.............4-1
Magneto-Ignition Timing Devices...............................4-26
Magneto Mounting Systems ........................................4-10
Main Fuel Pumps (Engine Driven) ..............................2-41

Main Line Strainers......................................................2-32

Main Metering System.................................................2-10

Maintenance and Inspection of Ignition Leads ............4-31

Maintenance Schedule Procedures and Maintenance

Checklist ....................................................................11-16

Manifold and Augmentor Exhaust Assembly ..............3-22

Manifold Pressure Indicator .......................................10-23

Marking Materials for Combustion Section Parts .....10-49

Mechanical Efficiency .................................................1-35

Mechanical failures ........................................................9-1

Metal Fixed-Pitch Propellers .......................................7-13

Metal Particles in the Oil ...............................................8-2

Metal Propeller Inspection ...........................................7-21

Tachometer inspection .............................................7-21

Mixture Control System...............................................2-12

Mounting lugs ................................................................1-6

Muffler and Heat Exchanger Failures ..........................3-23
N
Naturally Aspirated Induction Systems .........................3-1

Newton’s third law of motion ........................................1-1

Nick ..............................................................................10-3

Nonfeathering ..............................................................7-14

Oil Change .................................................................11-20

Oil Cooler............................................................. 6-9, 6-14

Oil Cooler Flow Control Valve......................................6-9

oil filter bypass valve .....................................................6-7

oil filter check valve.......................................................6-6

Oil Filters .......................................................................6-7

canister housing filter .................................................6-7

Cuno oil filter .............................................................6-7

spin-on filters..............................................................6-7

Oil Fouling of Spark Plugs ..........................................4-34

Oil Injection Lubrication of Rotax 503 UL DCDE, 582 UL DCDI, and 582 UL DCDI ............................................11-4

Oil Jets .........................................................................6-25

Oil Level Check .........................................................11-19

Oil Pressure Gauge ........................................................6-8

dual-type oil pressure gauge .......................................6-8

Oil Pressure Indicator ................................................10-22

Oil Pressure Regulating Valve ............................. 6-7, 6-24

Oil Pressure Relief Valve................................... 6-16, 6-24

Oil Pump .............................................................. 6-6, 6-22

gear-type oil pump....................................................6-22

gerotor pump ............................................................6-23

Oil Tank .......................................................................6-21

Oil Tanks.............................................................. 6-4, 6-13

Oil Temperature Bulbs.................................................6-15

Oil Temperature Indicator.................................. 6-9, 10-22

One or More Inoperative Thermocouples in Engine

Parallel Harness .........................................................10-64

On-Speed Condition.....................................................7-11

Operating Cycles..........................................................1-25

Diesel Cycle .............................................................1-27

Four-Stroke Cycle ....................................................1-25

Compression Stroke ..............................................1-27

Exhaust Stroke ......................................................1-27

Intake Stroke .........................................................1-26

Power Stroke .........................................................1-27

Rotary Cycle .............................................................1-27

Two-Stroke Cycle.....................................................1-27

Operating Flexibility ......................................................1-3

Operational Effect of Valve Clearance ......................10-33

Opposed Light-Sport, Experimental, and Certified Engines 11-5

Optical Fire Detection Systems .....................................9-3

Principle of Operation ................................................9-3

Optimizing Engine Running ......................................11-19

Other Disconnections .....................................................8-8

Overspeed Condition ...................................................7-11

Peening.........................................................................10-3

Performing Ignition System Checks ............................4-31
Personnel Authorized to Perform Inspection and
Maintenance on Light-sport Engines ...........................11-2

Piston................................................................ 10-5, 10-11

Piston Construction ......................................................1-12

Piston Displacement.....................................................1-28

Piston Pin .....................................................................10-5

Piston Pins..................................................................10-11

Piston Position Indicators ............................................4-27

Piston Repairs ............................................................10-17

Piston Rings .................................................................1-13

Compression Ring ....................................................1-13

Oil Control Rings .....................................................1-13

Oil Scraper Ring .......................................................1-13

Piston Ring Construction .........................................1-13

Pistons ..........................................................................1-11

Pitting ...........................................................................10-3

Plain Bearings ..............................................................1-22

Plain-Type Connecting Rods .......................................1-11

PLA potentiometer .......................................................2-36

Pneumatic Synchronization .......................................11-18

Pneumatic Thermal Fire Detection ................................9-3

Pour Point.......................................................................6-3

Power .............................................................................1-2

Power Check ..............................................................10-27

PowerLink Ignition System ............................... 4-14, 4-16

Powerplant Electrical Systems.....................................4-47

Powerplant Selection .....................................................1-3

powerplant vibration ....................................................7-22

Pratt and Whittney PT6 Hartzell Propeller System .....7-31

Pre-flight Checks .......................................................11-22

Pre-ignition ................................................................10-30

Pre-Oiling...................................................................10-25

Preparation of Engine for Ground and Flight Testing .8-12 Fuel System Bleeding...............................................8-13

Pre-Oiling .................................................................8-12

Preparation of Engines for Installation ..........................8-3
Preparing the Engine for Removal .................................8-6
Preservation and Depreservation of Gas Turbine Engines . 8-22
Preservation and Storage of Engines ...........................8-18
Corrosion-Preventive Compounds ...........................8-18
heavy compound ...................................................8-18

light mixture..........................................................8-18

Corrosion-Preventive Materials ...............................8-18

Dehydrating Agents..................................................8-18

silica gel ................................................................8-18

pressure ..........................................................................3-1

Pressure and Scavenge Oil Screens .............................6-15

Pressure Indication .........................................................9-8

Pressure Injection Carburetors .....................................2-14

Pressure Subsystem......................................................6-29

Pressure System ...........................................................6-28

Pressure Warning Signal ..............................................2-33

Primary Electrical Circuit ..............................................4-3

Principles of Engine Lubrication ...................................6-1

Principles of Operation ................................................7-36

Propeller Aerodynamic Process .....................................7-2

Propeller Auxiliary Systems ........................................7-17

Propeller Balancing......................................................7-24

propeller blade ...............................................................7-3

Propeller blade flyweights .............................................7-9

Propeller Check............................................................8-13

Propeller Controls and Instruments ...............................7-5

propeller control system...............................................7-31

propeller governor ..........................................................7-8

Propeller-governor oil on the propeller piston side .......7-9

Propeller Inspection and Maintenance .........................7-20

Propeller Location..........................................................7-5

Pusher Propellers ........................................................7-6

Tractor Propeller.........................................................7-5

Propeller Lubrication ...................................................7-27

Propeller Overhaul .......................................................7-29

propeller pitch ................................................................7-2

Propeller Pitch Check ................................................10-27

Propeller Principles ........................................................7-1

Propeller Reduction Gearing........................................1-23

Propeller Removal and Installation..............................7-26

Propellers ............................................................... 7-1, 7-6

Constant-Speed Propellers .........................................7-7

Controllable-Pitch Propeller .......................................7-6

Feathering Propellers..................................................7-8

Fixed-Pitch Propeller..................................................7-6

Ground-Adjustable Propeller .....................................7-7

Reverse-Pitch Propellers ............................................7-8

Test Club Propeller.....................................................7-6

Propeller Shafts ............................................................1-23

Propellers Used on General Aviation Aircraft .............7-12

Propeller Synchronization and Synchrophasing ..........7-19

Propeller Vibration.......................................................7-22

Prop Reassembly..........................................................7-29

Propulsive Efficiency ...................................................1-36

Protection Against Chafing ..........................................4-56

Protection Against High Temperature .........................4-56
Protection Against Solvents and Fluids .......................4-56
Protection of Wires in Wheel Well Area .....................4-57

Pumps...........................................................................2-32

Push Rod ......................................................................1-21

Q
QECA Buildup Method for Changing of Engines .........8-3
R
Radial Engine Exhaust Collector Ring System ...........3-22

Ram Recovery..............................................................1-60

Reassembly ................................................................10-19

Receiving Inspection....................................................10-2

Reciprocating Engine Cooling System Maintenance ..6-34 Reciprocating Engine Cooling Systems.......................6-32

Reciprocating Engine Exhaust System Maintenance

Practices .......................................................................3-22

Reciprocating Engine Exhaust Systems.......................3-20

collector system ........................................................3-21

short stack system.....................................................3-21

Reciprocating Engine Ignition System Maintenance and

Inspection .....................................................................4-26

Reciprocating Engine Ignition Systems .........................4-1
Reciprocating Engine Induction Systems ......................3-1
Reciprocating Engine Lubrication Systems ...................6-4
Reciprocating Engine Operating Principles .................1-25
Reciprocating Engine Operation ................................10-24
Reciprocating Engine Overhaul ...................................10-1
Major Overhaul and Major Repairs..........................10-1

Top Overhaul............................................................10-1

Reciprocating Engine Power and Efficiencies .............1-27

Reciprocating Engines ...................................................1-5

Accessory Gear Trains ...............................................1-7

Accessory Section ......................................................1-7

Crankcase Sections .....................................................1-5

Design and Construction ............................................1-5

Reciprocating Engine Starting System Maintenance

Practices .........................................................................5-6

Reciprocating Engine Starting Systems .........................5-1
Reciprocating Helicopter Engine and QECA ..............8-15
Installation, Rigging, and Adjustment of Helicopter

QECA .......................................................................8-16

Removal of Helicopter QECA .................................8-15

Testing the Engine installation .................................8-16

Reduction Gear Assembly ...........................................7-31

Refacing Valve Seats .................................................10-13

Regulator Section .........................................................2-22

Regulator Unit..............................................................2-16

Relays...........................................................................4-71

Reliability.......................................................................1-2

Removal and Installation of an Opposed-Type Engine8-13 Removal, Maintenance, and Installation of Ignition System Components .................................................................4-46

Igniter Plugs .............................................................4-47

Ignition System Leads ..............................................4-46

Removal of Reciprocating Engines ...............................8-1

Removing Hard Carbon ...............................................10-5

Removing the Engine.....................................................8-8

Repair and Replacement ............................................10-10

Replacement of Ignition Harness .................................4-33

Requirements and Characteristics of Reciprocating Engine Lubricants ......................................................................6-2

Resistance and Insulation Check ...............................10-64
Resistance of Circuit Out of Tolerance ......................10-65
Revmaster R-2300 Engine .........................................11-12

Rigging Carburetor Controls........................................2-29

Rigging, Inspections, and Adjustments .......................8-13
Adjusting the Fuel Control .......................................8-14
Rigging Power Controls ...........................................8-13

Rocker Arms ................................................................1-21

Roller Bearings ............................................................1-22

Rotax 447 UL (SCDI) ..................................................11-3

Rotax 503 UL (DCDI) .................................................11-3

Rotax 503 UL DCDI ....................................................11-4

Rotax 582 UL DCDI ....................................................11-4

Rotax 912/914 ..............................................................11-5

Routing.........................................................................4-55

Routing Precautions .....................................................4-57

Scavenge System .........................................................6-28

Scoring .........................................................................10-3

Scratches ......................................................................10-3

Secondary Electrical Circuit ..........................................4-6

Selector Valves ............................................................2-32

Sender ........................................................................11-25

Series Wound DC Generators ......................................4-12

Servicing Propellers .....................................................7-27

Setting the Propeller Governor ....................................7-41

Shorts to Ground/Shorts Between Leads ...................10-65

Simplex Fuel Nozzle ....................................................2-44

Single and Dual High-Tension System Magnetos .......4-10
Single Capacitor Discharge Ignition (SCDI) ...............11-3
Single-row radial engine cylinders ..............................1-16

Single-Row Radial Engines .........................................1-16

Slack in Wiring Bundles ..............................................4-55

Solderless Terminals and Splices.................................4-61

Solid Lifters/Tappets....................................................1-20

Spark Plug Inspection and Maintenance ......................4-33

Spark Plug Inspection Prior to Installation ..................4-37

Spark Plug Installation .................................................4-38

Spark Plug Lead Installation ........................................4-38

Spark Plug Reconditioning Service .............................4-36

Spark Plug Removal ....................................................4-35

Spark Plugs ...................................................... 4-24, 11-24

electrodes ..................................................................4-24

insulator ....................................................................4-24

outer shell .................................................................4-24

Spectrometric Oil Analysis Engine Inspection Program8-2 Spectrometric Oil Analysis Program ...........................6-20

parts per million (PPM) ............................................6-20

Spliced Connections in Wire Bundles .........................4-54
Splicing Copper Wires Using Preinsulated Wires .......4-63
Splicing with Solder and Potting Compound...............4-63

Stain .............................................................................10-3

Static Balancing ...........................................................7-24

Stripping Wire and Cable.............................................4-61

Stromberg PS Carburetor

Accelerating Pump ...................................................2-21

Manual Mixture Control...........................................2-21

Structural Inspection ....................................................10-6

Sudden Reduction in Speed ...........................................8-1

Sudden Stoppage............................................................8-1

Supercharged Induction Systems ...................................3-5
Absolute Pressure Controller....................................3-15
Ground-Boosted Turbosupercharger System .............3-9
Internally Driven Superchargers ................................3-6
Normalizer Turbocharger ...........................................3-9

Sloped Controller .....................................................3-15

Turbocharger Controllers and System Descriptions 3-14

Turbocharger System Troubleshooting ....................3-15

Turbosuperchargers ....................................................3-7

compressor assembly ..............................................3-7
exhaust gas turbine assembly..................................3-7
Typical Turbosupercharger System..........................3-10
Variable Absolute Pressure Controller (VAPC) ......3-14

Surge Protection Valves...............................................6-10

Switches .......................................................................4-71

swivel outlet fitting ......................................................6-21

Tachometer .................................................... 10-55, 11-25

Tachometer Check .....................................................10-64

Tachometer Indicator .................................................10-23

Tappet Assembly .........................................................1-20

cylindrical tappet ......................................................1-20

tappet ball .................................................................1-20

tappet roller...............................................................1-20

tappet spring .............................................................1-20

Teledyne Continental 0-200 Engine ..........................11-15

Test Cell Requirements ..............................................10-20

Thermal Discharge Indicator (Red Disk) .......................9-9

Thermal Efficiency ......................................................1-33

Thermal Switch System .................................................9-2

Thermocouple Systems ..................................................9-2

Throttle Body ...............................................................2-15

Thrust ...........................................................................1-57

Thrust Reversers ..........................................................3-27

Thrust Vectoring ..........................................................3-29

timer or cycling unit .....................................................7-18

Timing Disks................................................................4-27

Timing Lights...............................................................4-28

Timing the High-tension Magneto to the Engine ........4-30

Torquemeter ...............................................................10-24

Torquemeter (Turboprop Engines) ............................10-55

total engine fuel and control system ............................2-34

filter bypass valve.....................................................2-34

flow divider and drain valve assembly .....................2-36

fuel manifold assembly ............................................2-36

hydromechanical fuel control assembly ...................2-34
vane fuel pump assembly .........................................2-34
Troubleshooting Aircraft Tachometer System...........10-65
Troubleshooting and Abnormal Operation ................11-22

Abnormal Operating ...............................................11-23

Exceeding of Maximum Admissible Cylinder Head

Temperature ........................................................11-23

Exceeding of Maximum Admissible Exhaust Gas

Temperature ........................................................11-23

Exceeding the Maximum Admissible Engine Speed... 11-23

Troubleshooting .....................................................11-23

Engine Keeps Running With Ignition OFF ........11-23

Knocking Under Load ........................................11-23

Troubleshooting a Starter Generator Starting System .5-12 Troubleshooting EGT System....................................10-64

Troubleshooting Propellers ..........................................7-30

Troubleshooting Small Aircraft Starting Systems .........5-7

Troubleshooting Turbine Engines..............................10-59

Turbine Blade Inspection ...........................................10-50

Turbine Blade Replacement Procedure .....................10-51

Turbine Disk Inspection.............................................10-50

Turbine Engine Analyzer Uses ..................................10-59

Turbine Engine Condition Monitoring Programs ..........8-2

Turbine Engine Cooling...............................................6-38

Turbine Engine Emissions ...........................................3-31

Turbine Engine Exhaust Nozzles .................................3-24
Turbine Engine Fuel System—General Requirements 2-33
Turbine Engine Ground Fire Protection ........................9-8
Turbine Engine Ignition Systems.................................4-43

Turbine Engine Inlet Systems ......................................3-16

Turbine Engine Instruments.......................................10-54

Turbine Engine Insulation Blankets.............................6-40

Turbine Engine Lubricants ..........................................6-18

Bulk stability ............................................................6-19

Cleanliness ...............................................................6-19

Compatibility ............................................................6-19

Load-carrying ability ................................................6-18

Seal Wear .................................................................6-19

Vapor phase deposits ................................................6-18

Turbine Engine Lubrication Systems...........................6-20
Turbine Engine Maintenance .....................................10-44
Blending and Replacement.....................................10-47
Causes of Blade Damage........................................10-45

Compressor Section................................................10-45

Inspection and Cleaning .........................................10-45
Turbine Engine Oil System Maintenance ....................6-31
Turbine Engine Operating Principles...........................1-56

Turbine Engine Operation..........................................10-57

Turbine Engine Wet-Sump Lubrication System ..........6-30

reservoir ....................................................................6-31

magnetic drain plug ..............................................6-31

Provision ...............................................................6-31

sight gauge ............................................................6-31

vent or breather .....................................................6-31

Turbine Fuel Controls ..................................................2-33

FADEC-type contro .................................................2-33

hydromechanical/electronic fuel control ........ 2-33, 2-34
Hydromechanical Fuel Control ................................2-34
Turbine Ignition System Inspection and Maintenance 4-45
Check System Operation ..........................................4-46

Repair .......................................................................4-46

Turbine Lubrication System Components ...................6-21

Turbine Nozzle Inlet Guide Vane Inspection ............10-52

Turbine Oil Filters........................................................6-23

Turbine Section ............................................................1-46

disk rim .....................................................................1-48

rotor element.............................................................1-47

Turbine blades ..........................................................1-49

turbine disk ...............................................................1-47

turbine inlet nozzle assembly ...................................1-47

Turbocharger and Control System ...............................11-8

Turbofan Engines .........................................................1-55

Turboprop and Turboshaft Compressor Inlets .............3-19

Turbo-Propeller Assembly ...........................................7-31

turbopropeller (turboprop) engine................................1-54

accessory drive housing assembly............................1-55

gearbox assembly .....................................................1-55

power section assembly ............................................1-55

Turboprop Engines and Propeller Control Systems.....7-30

Turboprop exhaust nozzles ..........................................3-25

Turboprop Operation .................................................10-59

Troubleshooting Procedures for Turboprop Engines ...... 10-59

Turboprop Powerplant Removal and Installation ........8-15

Turboshaft Engines ......................................................1-55

Twisting Wires .............................................................4-54

Two-Cycle Engine .......................................................11-3

Two Cylinder Rotax Engine ........................................11-3

Two-Stroke Engines.....................................................11-4

Two-Way Check Valve..................................................9-9

Typical Dry-Sump Pressure Regulated Turbine

Lubrication System ......................................................6-28

Typical Dry-Sump Variable Pressure Lubrication System . 6-29

Typical Injection Carburetor ........................................2-15

Ultrasonic Inspection ...................................................10-7

Pulse-Echo ................................................................10-7

Resonance.................................................................10-7

Through Transmission..............................................10-7

Underspeed Condition ...................................................7-9

Unfeathering ................................................................7-16

Unfeathering Operation ...............................................7-38

Universal Propeller Protractor .....................................7-23

Upsetting ......................................................................10-3

usually ..........................................................................10-3

Valve Construction valve head .................................................................1-17

valve stem .................................................................1-17

valve duration...............................................................1-18

Valve Lapping............................................................10-17

valve lift .......................................................................1-18

Valve Operating Mechanism .......................................1-18

Valve Reconditioning ................................................10-14

Valves .............................................................. 1-16, 10-11

Valve Springs ................................................... 1-21, 10-11

Valve Train ..................................................................10-5

Vapor Lock ....................................................................2-1

vapor vent system ........................................................2-16

Variable-Geometry Duct ..............................................3-17

Viscosity ........................................................................6-2

Viscosity Index ..............................................................6-2

Visual Inspection .........................................................10-3

Voltage Drop in Aircraft Wire and Cable ....................4-50

voltage drop (IR drop) .................................................4-50

Volumetric Efficiency ..................................................1-35

V-type engine cylinders ...............................................1-15

Warning Systems .........................................................9-10

Water Injection System ................................................2-40

Water Injection Systems for Reciprocating Engines ...2-33 Wear Metals and Additives..........................................6-20

Aluminum.................................................................6-20

Chromium.................................................................6-20

Copper ......................................................................6-20

Iron ...........................................................................6-20

Lead ..........................................................................6-20

Molybdenum ............................................................6-20

Nickel .......................................................................6-20

Phosphorous .............................................................6-20

Silver ........................................................................6-20

Tin ............................................................................6-20

Titanium ...................................................................6-20

Weight ............................................................................1-2

Wet-Sump Lubrication System Operation ...................6-13

Wire Groups and Bundles ............................................4-54

Wire Size......................................................................4-48

Wood Propeller Inspection ..........................................7-21

Work ............................................................................1-27

X-ray ............................................................................10-7