Index

Symbols

100-hour Inspection .....................................................2-59

(NACA) Method of Double Flush Riveting ................4-45

A

Absolute humidity..........................................................2-2

AC Alternators .............................................................9-40

AC Alternators Control Systems .................................9-44

Acceleration ...................................................................2-3

Accelerometers ..........................................................10-31

Accumulators

Cylindrical..............................................................12-31

Operation................................................................12-31

Spherical.................................................................12-30

Acetone ..........................................................................8-1

Acetylene .......................................................................5-6

Acrylic Urethanes ..........................................................8-4

Actuators

Hydraulic Motor.....................................................12-33

Linear Actuators .....................................................12-32

Rotary Actuators.....................................................12-33

Adhesive pot life ..........................................................6-10

Adhesives.......................................................................7-8

Adjusting the Spray Pattern .........................................8-10

Adjustment of Bend Radius .........................................4-68

Aerodynamics ......................................................... 2-1,2-2

Aileron Installation ......................................................2-39

Ailerons........................................................................1-24

Aileron station..............................................................1-37

Air Compressors ............................................................8-5

Air Conditioning Systems..........................................16-34

aircraft ............................................................................1-4

Aircraft Batteries..........................................................9-20

• Aircraft Battery Inspection.......................................9-25
• Aircraft Battery Ratings by Specification ................9-22
• Battery and Charger Characteristics.........................9-24
• Lead-Acid Batteries ..............................................9-24

NiCd Batteries ......................................................9-24

Battery Charging ......................................................9-22

Constant Current Charging ...................................9-23

Constant Voltage Charging (CP) ..........................9-23

Battery Freezing .......................................................9-22

Battery Maintenance.................................................9-23

Capacity....................................................................9-22

Installation Practices.................................................9-25

Battery hold down devices....................................9-27

Battery sump jars ..................................................9-25

Battery venting......................................................9-25

External surface ....................................................9-25

Installing batteries.................................................9-27

Quick-disconnect type battery ..............................9-27

Replacing lead-acid batteries................................9-25

Lead-Acid Batteries..................................................9-20

Storing and Servicing Facilities ...............................9-22

Temperature Correction ...........................................9-22

Ventilation Systems..................................................9-25

Aircraft Brakes...........................................................13-42

Aircraft Electrical Systems ..........................................9-46

• Large Multiengine Aircraft ......................................9-59
• AC Power Systems ...............................................9-59
• Parallel Systems.................................................9-61
• Split-Bus Power Distribution Systems ..............9-60
• Split-Parallel Systems........................................9-63
• Light Multiengine Aircraft .......................................9-55
• Power Distribution on Multiengine Aircraft.........9-56
• Small Single-Engine Aircraft ...................................9-46

AC Supply ............................................................9-53

Alternator Circuit..................................................9-47

Avionics Power Circuit.........................................9-49

Battery Circuit ......................................................9-46

External Power Circuit .........................................9-48

Generator Circuit ..................................................9-47

Landing Gear Circuit ............................................9-50

Starter Circuit........................................................9-49

Aircraft Fuel Systems ..................................................14-9

Aircraft Heaters..........................................................16-57

Aircraft Inspection .......................................................2-58

Aircraft Lighting Systems..........................................9-100

• Exterior Lights
• Anticollision Lights ............................................9-101
• Landing and Taxi Lights.....................................9-101

Position Lights ....................................................9-100

Wing Inspection Lights.......................................9-103

Interior Lights.........................................................9-103

Maintenance and Inspection of Lighting Systems .9-103 Aircraft Metal Structural Repair ....................................4-1

Aircraft Oxygen Systems.............................................16-3

Aircraft Pneumatic Systems.......................................12-46

Aircraft Pressurization Systems.................................16-21

Aircraft Rigging ...........................................................2-38

aircraft structures ...........................................................1-1

Aircraft Tires and Tubes ............................................13-74

Aircraft Tubes ............................................................13-87

Tire Inspection........................................................13-87

Tube Construction and Selection ...........................13-87

Tube Storage and Inspection ..................................13-87

Aircraft Wheels..........................................................13-33

Aircraft Wood and Structural Repair.............................6-1

Air Cycle Air Conditioning .......................................16-34

• Cabin Temperature Control System
• Typical System Operation ..................................16-40
• Component Operation ............................................16-36
• Bleed Air Bypass ................................................16-36

Pack Valve ..........................................................16-36

Primary Heat Exchanger.....................................16-36

Refrigeration Bypass Valve................................16-39

Water Separator ..................................................16-39

Pneumatic System Supply......................................16-34

System Operation ...................................................16-34

Airfoil.............................................................................2-3

airframe ........................................................................1-39

Air in the Brake System.............................................13-67

Airplane Assembly.......................................................2-39

Airplane Assembly and Rigging..................................2-36

Air Tools ......................................................................7-19

Air Traffic Control (ATC) Transponder Inspections...2-61 Alcohol...........................................................................8-1

Alignment ..................................................................13-14

Alternate Pressure Application ....................................7-31

Alternating Current (AC) Introduction ..........................9-8

Definitions..................................................................9-9

Cycle Defined .........................................................9-9

Effective..................................................................9-9

Frequency Defined................................................9-10

Instantaneous ..........................................................9-9

Peak.........................................................................9-9

Period Defined ......................................................9-10

Phase Relationships ..............................................9-10

Values of AC ..........................................................9-9

Wavelength Defined .............................................9-10

Alternator Drive ...........................................................9-43

Alternator Voltage Regulators .....................................9-39

Altimeter and Static System Inspections .....................2-61

Aluminum Alloys.........................................................4-29

Aluminum Soldering....................................................5-20

Aluminum Welding .....................................................5-17

Amorphous Thermoplastics ...........................................7-7

Amphibious aircraft .....................................................1-35

Amplifiers ..................................................................11-20

Common-Collector Amplifier ................................11-21

Common-Emitter Amplifier...................................11-20

and Fittings.................................................................16-19

and Retraction ............................................................13-14

Angle Adapters ............................................................4-16

Angle of Attack..............................................................2-5

Angle of Incidence.........................................................2-5

Annual and 100-Hour Inspections ...............................2-62

Annual Inspection ........................................................2-59

Antennas ....................................................................11-36

Length.....................................................................11-37

Types

Loop Antenna .....................................................11-40

Marconi Antenna ................................................11-39

Anti-Chafe Tape.............................................................3-4

anti-ice Common-Base Amplifier .......................................11-21

Antiservo tabs ..............................................................1-33

Anti-Skid....................................................................13-60

Anti-Skid Control Valves.......................................13-63

Anti-Skid System Maintenance..............................13-66

Control Unit ........................................................13-66

Control Valve......................................................13-66

Wheel Speed Sensor ...........................................13-66

Anti-Skid System Tests..........................................13-65

Ground Test ........................................................13-65

In-Flight Test ......................................................13-66

Control Units ..........................................................13-61

System Operation ...................................................13-60

Touchdown and Lock Wheel Protection ................13-64

Wheel Speed Sensors .............................................13-61

Antitorque Pedals.........................................................2-29

Antitorque System .......................................................1-44

Application of Cement.................................................7-56

Applying the Finish......................................................8-11

Applying the Glue/Adhesive........................................6-11

Approval of New Avionics Equipment Installations .11-70 Approval of Repair ......................................................4-92

Aramid (Kevlar®) fiber-reinforced plastics ................7-52

Arc Welding Procedures ..............................................5-24

Argon .............................................................................5-6

Aromatic Fuels.............................................................14-4

Assessment of Damage ................................................4-91

Atmosphere ....................................................................2-1

Atmospheric pressur ......................................................2-1

Atmospheric pressure.....................................................2-1

Audible Sonic Testing (Coin Tapping)........................7-15

Autoclave .....................................................................7-22

Autogyro ......................................................................2-16

Automated Tap Test.....................................................7-15

Automatic Center Punch ................................................4-5

Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) ................10-63

Autopilot Components ...............................................10-60

Autopilot Functions................................................10-62

• Command Elements ...............................................10-60
• Computer and Amplifier ........................................10-60
• Feedback or Followup Element..............................10-61

Sensing Elements ...................................................10-60

Yaw Dampening.....................................................10-63

Autopilot Systems......................................................10-58

Autorotation .................................................................2-26

Auxiliary Control Surfaces ..........................................1-26

Auxiliary Lift Devices .................................................2-11

Aviation Fuel ...............................................................14-3

Avionics in Aviation Maintenance ..............................11-1

History of Avionics ..................................................11-1

Axes of an Aircraft.........................................................2-8

B

Balance panels .............................................................1-31

Balance tabs .................................................................2-11

Balsa Wood..................................................................7-12

Band Saw .....................................................................4-10

Bar Folding Machine ...................................................4-21

Base measurement .......................................................4-58

Basic Analog Circuits ................................................11-18

Basic Fuel System Requirements.................................14-1

Basic Hydraulic Systems .............................................12-5

Closed-Center Hydraulic Systems............................12-6

Open Center Hydraulic Systems ..............................12-5

Bead Weld....................................................................5-27

Bearing...........................................................................4-3

Bell Stabilizer Bar System ...........................................2-29

Belt Drive Clutch .........................................................2-35

Bend allowance (BA)...................................................4-58

Bending ................................................................... 4-3,1-6

Bending a U-Channel...................................................4-61

Bend radius ..................................................................4-58

Bend tangent line (BL).................................................4-59

Benzene..........................................................................8-1

Bernoulli’s Principle ......................................................2-3

Bias ................................................................................3-2

Bidirectional (Fabric).....................................................7-3

Biplane Assembly and Rigging ...................................2-55

Bismaleimides (BMI).....................................................7-7

Bladder Fuel Tanks ....................................................14-21

Blanket Method............................................................3-11

Bleed Air Systems......................................................16-57

Bleeder Ply...................................................................7-19

• Bleeding Master Cylinder Brake Systems .................13-67
• Bleeding Power Brake Systems .................................13-69
• Fluid Quantity and Type.........................................13-69

Inspection for Leaks ...............................................13-69

Proper Bolt Torque.................................................13-70

Bleeding Shock Struts................................................13-14

Bleedout Technique .....................................................7-28

Bleriot, Louis .................................................................1-1

Blind Bolts .......................................................... 4-53,7-48

Blind Fasteners.............................................................7-47

Blind Fasteners (Nonstructural)...................................4-56

Blind Rivets .................................................................4-47

Blushing .......................................................................8-13

Boeing 737 Next Generation Hydraulic System........12-37

Filter Units..............................................................12-39

Indications ..............................................................12-41

Landing Gear Transfer Unit ...................................12-41

Power Transfer Unit (PTU)....................................12-39

Pumps .....................................................................12-39

Reservoirs...............................................................12-37

• Standby Hydraulic System .....................................12-41
• Boeing 777 Hydraulic System ...................................12-41
• Center Hydraulic System........................................12-44
• Center Hydraulic Isolation System (CHIS) ........12-45
• Central Hydraulic System Reset.........................12-46

Filter....................................................................12-44

Nose Gear Isolation Valve..................................12-46

Reservoir.............................................................12-44

Left and Right System Description

Filter Module ......................................................12-43

Indication ............................................................12-43

Pumps .................................................................12-43

Reservoir.............................................................12-43

Bolt and Bushing Holes ...............................................6-18

Bolted Repairs..............................................................7-43

Bonded Flush Patch Repairs ........................................7-38

Bonding......................................................................11-73

Boron..............................................................................7-5

Boundary Layer .............................................................2-6

Box and Pan Brake (Finger Brake)..............................4-22

box beam......................................................................1-12

Box beam .....................................................................1-11

Brake Actuating Systems...........................................13-50

Boosted Brakes.......................................................13-54

Independent Master Cylinders................................13-51

Power Brakes..........................................................13-55

Brake Control Valve/Brake Metering Valve ......13-56

• C
• Brake Malfunctions and Damage...............................13-72
• Chattering or Squealing..........................................13-73

Overheating ............................................................13-72

Brazing and Soldering..................................................5-19

Breather Material .........................................................7-21

Brinelling .....................................................................4-89

Brushing.........................................................................8-4

Bucking Bar .................................................................4-35

Bumping.......................................................................4-58

Burnishing....................................................................4-89

Burr ..............................................................................4-89

Burring Tool.................................................................4-14

Butt Joints ....................................................................5-29

Buttock line..................................................................1-37

Cable Connectors .........................................................2-44

Cable construction .......................................................2-39

Cable designations .......................................................2-39

Cable Drums ................................................................2-46

Cable Guides................................................................2-41

Cable Inspection...........................................................2-41

Cable System Installation ............................................2-41

Cable Systems..............................................................2-39

Cable Tension ..................................................... 2-43,2-50

cantilever design ..........................................................1-10

Carbon Brakes............................................................13-49

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics...................................7-52

Carbon/Graphite.............................................................7-5

Carbon Monoxide Detectors ........................................17-8

Carburizing Flame .......................................................5-12

Cargo and Baggage Compartment Fire Detection and

Extinguisher System ..................................................17-14

• Cargo Compartment Extinguishing System...........17-15
• Smoke Detector System .........................................17-15
• Cargo Compartment Classification............................17-13

Cargo Fire Detection..................................................17-13

catalysts..........................................................................3-7

Caul ..............................................................................6-10

Cayley, George ..............................................................1-1

C-Clamps ............................................................ 4-28,7-31

Cementing ....................................................................7-55

Center Punch..................................................................4-5

Centrifugal Clutch........................................................2-35

Ceramic Fibers ...............................................................7-5

Chanute, Octave.............................................................1-1

Characteristics of a Good Weld ...................................5-15

Chassis Punch ................................................................4-6

Chattering.....................................................................4-89

Checking Dihedral .......................................................2-48

Checking Engine Alignment........................................2-49

Checking Fin Verticality..............................................2-48

• Checking for Fuel System Contaminants ..................14-49
• Detection of Contaminants.....................................14-52
• Foreign Fuel Contamination...................................14-51
• Fuel Contamination Control...................................14-54

Microorganisms......................................................14-51

Solid Particle Contaminants ...................................14-50

Checking Incidence......................................................2-48

Check Valves and Flashback Arrestors .........................5-7

Chemical Anti-Icing.....................................................15-9

Chemical or Solid Oxygen...........................................16-4

Chemical Oxygen Systems ........................................16-15

Chemical Rain Repellant ...........................................15-26

Windshield Surface Seal Coating...........................15-27

Chemical Stability........................................................12-1

Chemical Stripping ......................................................8-20

• CherryBUCK® 95 KSI One-Piece Shear Pin..............4-51
• CherryMAX® Bulbed blind rivet ................................4-47
• Cherry Maxibolt® Blind Bolt System .........................4-53
• Cherry’s E-Z Buck® (CSR90433) Hollow Rivet ........7-47

Chip Chasers ................................................................4-20

Chrome Molybdenum ..................................................5-16

Circular-Cutting Saws....................................................4-7

Clamps and Vises.........................................................4-28

Classes of Fires ............................................................17-1

Classification of Damage.............................................4-90

Cleaning .......................................................................7-56

Close contact adhesive.................................................6-10

Closed angle.................................................................4-59

Closed assembly time ..................................................6-10

Closed End Bend (More Than 90°) .............................4-73

Clutch...........................................................................2-34

Coaxial Cable...............................................................9-95

Cobalt Alloy Drill Bits.................................................4-17

Co-bonding ..................................................................7-28

Co-curing .....................................................................7-27

Collective Pitch............................................................2-27

Combinations of Damages...........................................7-13

Combination Square.......................................................4-3

Combustion Heaters...................................................16-59

Controls ..................................................................16-60

Ignition System ......................................................16-60

Maintenance and Inspection...................................16-61

Safety Features .......................................................16-61

Ventilating Air System...........................................16-59

Common Paint Troubles ..............................................8-12

Common Spray Gun Problems ....................................8-12

Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Repairs..................7-33

Composite Repairs .......................................................7-19

Composition of the Atmosphere ..................................16-1

Compound Curve Forming ..........................................7-54

Compression ........................................................... 4-2,1-6

Compression Riveting..................................................4-38

Concave Surfaces.........................................................4-78

Conduit.........................................................................9-82

Flexible Conduit.......................................................9-82

Rigid Conduit ...........................................................9-82

Connecting Torch.........................................................5-10

Connectors

Adjacent Locations...................................................9-94

Drainage ...................................................................9-95

• Spare Contacts for Future Wiring ............................9-94
• Voltage and Current Rating......................................9-94
• Wire Installation Into the Connector........................9-94

Wire Support ............................................................9-95

Considerations............................................................11-71

• Construction and Installation of Deice Boots ............15-18
• Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Program (CAMP)
• 2-65

Continuous-Loop Systems ...........................................17-3

Control ...........................................................................2-8

Control of Cabin Pressure..........................................16-27

Air Distribution ......................................................16-33

Cabin Air Pressure Regulator and Outflow Valve .16-30 Cabin Air Pressure Safety Valve Operation...........16-31

Cabin Pressure Controller ......................................16-29

Cabin Pressurization Troubleshooting ...................16-34

Pressurization Gauges ............................................16-32

Pressurization Modes .............................................16-27

Control Operating Systems ..........................................2-39

Controls........................................................................1-45

Control Surface Travel.................................................2-50

Convex Surfaces ..........................................................4-78

Cooling and Moisture ................................................11-71

Coriolis Effect..............................................................2-21

Corner Joints ................................................................5-30

Cornice Brake ..............................................................4-21

Correct Forming of a Weld ..........................................5-15

Corrosion............................................................. 4-89,7-15

Corrosion Precautions..................................................7-45

Corrosion Treatment ....................................................4-92

Corrugated Skin Repair................................................4-97

Cotton Covered Aircraft ..............................................3-24

Count..............................................................................3-2

Countersinking.................................................... 4-40,7-51

Countersinking Tool ....................................................4-36

Countersinking Tools...................................................4-41

Countersunk Rivets......................................................4-40

Covering Processes ........................................................3-8

Cowling........................................................................1-18

Crack ............................................................................4-89

Crimping ......................................................................4-58

Cross coat.......................................................................3-2

Curing of Composite Materials....................................7-31

Curing Stages of Resins .................................................7-7

Current ...........................................................................9-2

Conventional Current Theory and Electron Theory...9-3 Current Limiting Devices ............................................9-98

Circuit Breakers........................................................9-99

Fuses.........................................................................9-99

Curved Flanged Parts...................................................4-76

Cut................................................................................4-89

Cutting Equipment .......................................................7-52

Cutting Processes and Precautions...............................7-52

Cutting Tools .................................................................4-7

Cutting Torch .................................................................5-8

Cyclic Pitch..................................................................2-28

D

Damage Necessitating Replacement of Parts ..............4-90

Damage Removal.........................................................4-92

Damage Repairable by Insertion..................................4-90

Damage Repairable by Patching..................................4-90

Damage Requiring Core Replacement and Repair to One or Both Faceplates........................................................7-35

DC Generators .............................................................9-30

Compound Wound DC Generators ..........................9-31

DC Generator Maintenance......................................9-32

Generator Ratings.....................................................9-31

• Parallel (Shunt) Wound DC Generators...................9-31
• Series Wound DC Generators ..................................9-31
• DC Generators and Controls........................................9-27
• Construction Features of DC Generators

Armature ...............................................................9-29

Field Frame...........................................................9-28

Generators ................................................................9-27

Decals...........................................................................8-17

Defueling....................................................................14-56

De Havilland Mosquito..................................................1-3

Deice Boot Maintenance............................................15-21

Deice System for Turboprop Aircraft ........................15-13

Deicing and Anti-icing of Transport Type Aircraft...15-24 Critical Surfaces .....................................................15-24

Deicing Fluid..........................................................15-24

Holdover Time (HOT)............................................15-24

Deicing System Components

Control Valve .........................................................15-16

Deflate Valve..........................................................15-16

Distributor Valve....................................................15-16

Dry-Type Engine-Driven Air Pump.......................15-16

Inlet Filter...............................................................15-18

Manifold Assembly ................................................15-18

Oil Separator...........................................................15-16

Regulators and Relief Valves .................................15-17

Timer/Control Unit.................................................15-17

Wet-Type Engine-Driven Air Pump ......................15-16

Delamination and Debonds..........................................7-13

Density ...........................................................................2-2

Dent..............................................................................4-89

Dents at a Cluster Weld ...............................................5-31

Dents Between Clusters ...............................................5-31

Description...................................................................4-30

Design of a Patch for a Nonpressurized Area..............4-97

Detonation....................................................................14-4

Die Grinder ..................................................................4-13

Different Flames ..........................................................5-12

Digital Aircraft Systems ............................................11-27

Digital Building Blocks .............................................11-25

AND Gate...............................................................11-26

Buffer Gate .............................................................11-25

EXCLUSIVE OR Gate...........................................11-26

NAND Gate............................................................11-27

Negative Logic Gates .............................................11-28

NOR Gate...............................................................11-27

NOT Gate ...............................................................11-25

OR Gate..................................................................11-26

Digital Electronics .....................................................11-24

Digital Tuners and Audio Panels ...............................11-28

Dimpling ......................................................................4-41

Dimpling Dies..............................................................4-36

Dimpling Inspection.....................................................4-43

Diodes ..........................................................................11-4

Dipping ..........................................................................8-4

Directional Stability .....................................................2-10

Direction Indicating Instruments ...............................10-41

Disc Sander ..................................................................4-11

Display of Marks..........................................................8-16

Display of Nationality and Registration Marks ...........8-16

Dividers..........................................................................4-4

Dollies and Stakes........................................................4-27

Dope...............................................................................8-3

Double spread ..............................................................6-10

Double Vacuum Debulk Principle ...............................7-41

Downdraft Tables.........................................................7-53

Drag......................................................................... 2-6,2-7

Drill Bit Sizes...............................................................4-17

Drill Bushing Holder Types.........................................4-19

Drill Extensions and Adapters .....................................4-15

Drilling........................................................ 4-39,7-49,7-55

Drilling Large Holes ....................................................4-20

Drill Lubrication ..........................................................4-17

Drill Press.....................................................................4-15

Drill Stops ....................................................................4-17

Drive Nut-Type of Blind Bolt......................................4-54

Drive Punch ...................................................................4-6

Driving the Rivet..........................................................4-40

Drop Hammer ..............................................................4-24

Dry Fiber Material .........................................................7-8

Dry Powders...............................................................17-10

Dual-Disc Brakes .......................................................13-46

Dual Purpose Flight Control Surfaces .........................1-26

Dual Rotor Helicopter..................................................2-17

Dutch Roll....................................................................2-10

Dynamic Balance .........................................................2-36

Dynamic Stability ........................................................2-10

E

Eddie-Bolt® Fasteners.................................................7-46

Edge Distance ..............................................................4-33

Edge Joints ...................................................................5-30

Edges of the Panel........................................................4-99

Effective Translational Lift (ETL)...............................2-23

Electrically Driven Gyroscopic Instrument Systems.10-51 Electrical Temperature Measuring Indication ...........10-35

Electrical Resistance Thermometer........................10-36

Ratiometer Electrical Resistance Thermometers ...10-36 Electric Arc Welding .....................................................5-1

Electric Deice Boots ..................................................15-22

Electric Heating Systems ...........................................16-58

Electromagnetic Generation of Power ...........................9-4

Electromotive Force (Voltage) ......................................9-3

Electron Control Valves...............................................11-4

Electronic Blade Tracker .............................................2-30

Electronic Flight Information Systems ......................10-67

Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) .10-68 Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS)..........10-68

Electronic Instruments ...............................................10-64

Electronic Attitude Director Indicator (EADI) ......10-64

Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicators (EHSI) 10-66

Electronic Method........................................................2-32

Electronic Oscillation.................................................11-23

Elevated Temperature Curing ......................................7-32

Elevator ........................................................................1-25

Emergency Backup Systems......................................12-49

Dump Valve ...........................................................12-50

Emergency Extension Sequence: ...........................12-50

Gear Emergency Extension Cable and Handle ......12-50

Nitrogen Bottles .....................................................12-50

Emergency Brake Systems ........................................13-58

Brake Deboosters ...................................................13-59

Parking Brake.........................................................13-58

Emergency Extension Systems ..................................13-21

Empennage...................................................................1-19

Empennage Installation................................................2-39

Engine Instruments ......................................................10-3

Engine Mount Repairs .................................................5-35

Engine mounts .............................................................1-18

Envelope Bagging........................................................7-31

Envelope Method .........................................................3-11

Epoxy ...................................................................... 8-3,7-6

Equal Pressure Torch .....................................................5-8

Equipment ....................................................................7-50

Equipment Setup..........................................................5-10

Erosion .........................................................................4-89

Evaluating the Rivet.....................................................4-43

Evolution of Hydraulic Systems ..................................12-7

Exhaust Shroud Heaters.............................................16-58

Expander Tube Brakes...............................................13-49

Expansion and Contraction of Metals..........................5-28

Extension Drill Bits......................................................4-16

External and Internal Inspection ....................................6-2

• External Bonded Patch Repairs ...................................7-41
• External Bonded Repair With Prepreg Plies................7-41
• External Repair Using Precured Laminate Patches .....7-42
• External Repair Using Wet Layup and Double Vacuum

Debulk Method (DVD) ................................................7-41

Extinguishing Agents and Portable Fire Extinguishers17-9 Eye Protection..............................................................7-53

F

Fabric Cement....................................................... 3-6,3-16

Fabric Heat Shrinking ..................................................3-17

Fabric Impregnation Using a Vacuum Bag .................7-30

Fabric Impregnation With a Brush or Squeegee..........7-30

Fabric patch..................................................................6-19

Fabric Sealer ..................................................................3-6

Fabric Strength...............................................................3-8

Fabric Testing Devices ................................................3-10

Fastener Materials........................................................7-45

• Fasteners Used with Composite Laminates .................7-45
• Fastener System for Sandwich Honeycomb Structures
• (SPS Technologies Comp Tite) ...................................7-45

Fenestron®...................................................................1-44

Fenwal System .............................................................17-3

Fiber Breakage .............................................................7-13

Fiber Forms....................................................................7-2

Fiberglass .......................................................................7-5

Fiberglass Coverings....................................................3-24

Fiberglass Molded Mat Repairs ...................................7-40

Fiberlite ........................................................................7-49

Fiber Orientation............................................................7-1

Field Effect Transistors (FET) ...................................11-15

Files..............................................................................4-13

Filler Rod .......................................................................5-9

Fillers .............................................................................3-6

Fillet Weld ...................................................................5-27

Filling LOX Systems .................................................16-19

Film Adhesives ..............................................................7-8

Filters .........................................................................12-12

Filter Bypass Valve ................................................12-14

Filter Differential Pressure Indicators ....................12-14

Maintenance of Filters............................................12-13

Micron-Type Filters ...............................................12-13

Finishing Tapes............................................................3-20

• Fire Detection/Overheat Systems ................................17-2
• Fire Detection System Maintenance ..........................17-17
• Fire Detection System Troubleshooting ....................17-18
• Fire Extinguisher System Maintenance .....................17-19

Agent Containers....................................................17-20

Container Pressure Check ......................................17-19

Discharge Cartridges ..............................................17-19

Fire Hazards When Fueling or Defueling..................14-57

Fire Point......................................................................12-2

Fire Prevention...........................................................17-20

Fire Protection..............................................................7-53

Fire Zones ....................................................................17-7

Fisheyes........................................................................8-14

Fixed and Retractable Landing Gear ...........................13-4

fixed-wing aircraft .........................................................1-5

Flag and Pole................................................................2-30

Flame Detectors ...........................................................17-8

Flange...........................................................................4-58

Flanged Angles ............................................................4-75

Flap Installation ...........................................................2-39

Flapping .......................................................................1-42

Flaps.............................................................................1-26

Flap station...................................................................1-37

Flash Point ...................................................................12-2

Flat ...............................................................................4-59

Flat Position Welding ..................................................5-27

Flawed Fastener Holes.................................................7-13

Flight Control Surfaces ................................................1-21

Flight Director Systems .............................................10-64

Flight Instruments ........................................................10-2

Flight Management System (FMS)............................10-72

Floats............................................................................4-97

Flow Between Interconnected Tanks...........................14-2

Flush Patch...................................................................4-96

Flutter and Vibration Precautions ................................4-87

Fly-By-Wire Contro.....................................................2-14

Foaming Adhesives......................................................7-10

Folding a Box...............................................................4-71

Folding Sheet Metal.....................................................4-58

Form Block or Die .......................................................4-78

Formed or Extruded Angles.........................................4-74

Former or Bulkhead Repair .......................................4-102

Forming by Bumping...................................................4-78

Forming Methods.........................................................7-54

Forming Procedures and Techniques...........................7-54

Forming Process...........................................................4-56

Forming Tools..............................................................4-20

Forming With an English Wheel .................................4-25

Forms ...........................................................................7-54

Formula 1: Bend Allowance for a 90° Bend................4-63

Formula 2: Bend Allowance for a 90° Bend................4-64

Forward Flight .............................................................2-22

Fowler flaps .................................................................1-27

Freewheeling Unit........................................................2-35

Fresh Air Breathing Systems .........................................8-8

Friction-Locked Blind Rivets ......................................4-47

Frost Removal............................................................15-24

Fuel Filters .................................................................14-32

Fuel Heaters and Ice Prevention ................................14-35

Fuel Identification........................................................14-6

Fueling .......................................................................14-55

Fueling and Defueling Procedures.............................14-55

Fuel Lines and Fittings...............................................14-23

Fuel Pumps.................................................................14-27

Centrifugal Boost Pumps .......................................14-28

Ejector Pumps ........................................................14-29

• Hand-Operated Fuel Pumps ...................................14-27
• Pulsating Electric Pumps........................................14-30
• Vane-Type Fuel Pumps..........................................14-31
• Fuel System Components ..........................................14-18

Fuel System Independence ..........................................14-1

Fuel System Indicators...............................................14-36

Fuel Flowmeters.....................................................14-39

Fuel Pressure Gauges .............................................14-43

• Fuel Quantity Indicating Systems ..........................14-36
• Fuel Temperature Gauges ......................................14-43
• Pressure Warning Signal ........................................14-44
• Fuel System Lightning Protection ...............................14-1

Fuel System Repair ....................................................14-45

Fuel System Servicing ...............................................14-49

Fuel Tank Installation ..................................................14-3

Fuel Tank Repair........................................................14-46

Bladder Tanks.........................................................14-47

Fire Safety ..............................................................14-48

Integral Tanks.........................................................14-47

Riveted Tanks.........................................................14-47

Soldered Tanks.......................................................14-47

Welded Tanks.........................................................14-46

Fuel Tanks....................................................................14-2

Fuel Tank Tests............................................................14-3

Fuel Valves ................................................................14-24

Cone Valves ...........................................................14-25

• Hand-Operated Valves ...........................................14-25
• Manually-Operated Gate Valves ............................14-26
• Motor-Operated Valves..........................................14-26

Poppet Valves.........................................................14-26

Solenoid-Operated Valves......................................14-27

Fully Articulated Rotor ................................................2-17

Fully Articulated Rotor System ...................................1-42

Fundamentals of Electronics........................................11-3

Analog Electronics ...................................................11-4

Analog Versus Digital Electronics ...........................11-3

Fungicide........................................................................3-7

fuselage ..........................................................................1-7

Fuselage .......................................................................1-40

Fuselage stations ..........................................................1-37

G

Galling..........................................................................4-89

Gap-filling adhesive.....................................................6-10

gap seals .......................................................................1-33

Gas Cylinders...............................................................5-10

Gaseous Oxygen ..........................................................16-3

Gaseous Oxygen Systems ............................................16-5

Continuous-Flow Systems........................................16-7

Demand-Flow Systems ............................................16-9

Flow Indicators.......................................................16-10

• Oxygen Plumbing and Valves................................16-14
• Oxygen Storage Cylinders........................................16-6
• Oxygen Systems and Regulators..............................16-7

Gas Metal Arc Welding ........................................ 5-2,5-21

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding............................................5-4

Gas Welding...................................................................5-1

Gas Welding and Cutting Equipment ............................5-6

Gas Welding Procedures..............................................5-14

Generator Controls.......................................................9-33

Functions of Generator Control Systems .................9-33

Differential Voltage ..............................................9-34

• Overexcitation Protection .....................................9-34
• Overvoltage Protection .........................................9-34
• Parallel Generator Operations...............................9-34
• Reverse Current Sensing.......................................9-34
• Voltage Regulation ...............................................9-33
• Generator Controls for High Output Generators......9-34
• Generator Controls for Low-Output Generators ......9-34
• Carbon Pile Regulators .........................................9-35

Current Limiter .....................................................9-36

• Reverse-Current Relay..........................................9-36
• Three-Unit Regulators ..........................................9-35
• Voltage Regulator.................................................9-35
• Theory of Generator Control....................................9-33

Glass fiber reinforced plastics......................................7-52

Glued Joint Inspection ...................................................6-3

Glue line.......................................................................6-10

Glues (Adhesives)..........................................................6-9

Gouge...........................................................................4-89

Governor ......................................................................2-28

Gravity ...........................................................................2-6

Gravity-Feed Gun ..........................................................8-7

Gray Enamel Undercoat.................................................8-3

Greige.............................................................................3-2

Grinding Wheels ..........................................................4-12

Grommets.............................................................. 3-6,3-19

Groove Weld................................................................5-27

Ground Deicing of Aircraft........................................15-23

Ground Effect...............................................................2-21

Gussets .........................................................................3-19

Gyroscopic Forces .......................................................2-19

Gyroscopic Instruments .............................................10-51

Electric Attitude Indicators ....................................10-55

Gyroscopic Direction Indicator or Directional Gyro

(DG) .......................................................................10-56

Mechanical Gyros...................................................10-51

• Solid State Gyros and Related Systems .................10-52
• Other Attitude and Directional Systems .............10-54
• Ring Laser Gyros (RLG) ....................................10-52
• Turn-and-Slip Indicator..........................................10-57

Turn Coordinators ..................................................10-56

• Vacuum-Driven Attitude Gyros .............................10-54
• H
• Halogenated Hydrocarbons..........................................17-9

Hand Cutting Tools......................................................4-12

Hand Forming ..............................................................4-73

Handling of the Torch..................................................5-13

Hand-Operated Shrinker and Stretcher........................4-27

Hand Rivet Set .............................................................4-36

Hand Tools.......................................................... 4-35,7-19

Hardwood Form Blocks...............................................4-27

Heat Blanket.................................................................7-23

Heat Bonder .................................................................7-23

Heat Exchangers ........................................................12-31

Heating.........................................................................7-54

Heat Lamp....................................................................7-23

Heat Press Forming......................................................7-24

Heat Sources ................................................................7-22

Helicopter Fuel Systems ............................................14-16

Helicopter Power Systems ...........................................2-33

Helicopter Structures ...................................................1-39

Helicopter Vibration ....................................................2-30

Helium............................................................................5-6

Hex Nut and Wing Nut Temporary Sheet Fasteners ...4-29 High Frequency Vibration ...........................................2-30

High-Pressure Systems ..............................................12-47

High rush-in circuits ....................................................9-97

High-Speed Aerodynamics ..........................................2-14

Hi-Lite® Fastening System .........................................4-51

• Hi-Lok® and Huck-Spin® Lockbolt Fasteners ...........7-45
• Hi-Lok® Fastening System .........................................4-50
• Hi-Tigue® Fastening System.......................................4-50

Hole Drilling ................................................................4-14

Hole Duplicator..............................................................4-7

Hole Preparation ................................................. 4-39,4-55

Hole Transfer ...............................................................4-39

Honeycomb ..................................................................7-11

horizontal stabilizer stations ........................................1-38

Hoses............................................................................5-10

Hot Air System ............................................................7-24

Hot Dimpling ...............................................................4-42

Hovering Flight............................................................2-19

Huck Blind Bolt System ..............................................4-53

• Human Respiration and Circulation.............................16-1
• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning....................................16-2
• Oxygen and Hypoxia................................................16-1

Humidity ........................................................................2-2

Hydraulic Fluids...........................................................12-1

• Hydraulic Fluid Contamination................................12-3
• Contamination Check ...........................................12-3
• Hydraulic Sampling Schedule ...........................12-4
• Sampling Procedure...........................................12-4
• Contamination Control .........................................12-4
• Hydraulic System Flushing ......................................12-5

Intermixing of Fluids................................................12-3

Mineral-Based Fluids ...............................................12-2

• Phosphate Ester-Based Fluid (Skydrol®) ................12-3
• Polyalphaolefin-Based Fluids...................................12-2
• Hydraulic Motor-Driven Generator (HMDG) ...........12-34
• Hydraulic Power Pack System.....................................12-7

Hydraulic Power Systems ............................................12-7

Hydraulic System Components....................................12-7

Reservoirs.................................................................12-7

• Air-Pressurized Reservoirs ...................................12-9
• Fluid-Pressurized Reservoirs ..............................12-11
• Nonpressurized Reservoirs ...................................12-8
• Pressurized Reservoirs..........................................12-9
• Reservoir Servicing ............................................12-11

Hydrogen........................................................................5-7

Hydromechanical Control............................................2-13

Hydropress Forming ....................................................4-25

I

Ice and Snow Removal ..............................................15-25

Ice Control Systems .....................................................15-1

Ice Detector System .....................................................15-3

Ice Prevention ..............................................................15-3

Icing Effects .................................................................15-1

Impedance ....................................................................9-14

Inclusion.......................................................................4-89

Inductive circuits..........................................................9-97

Inert Cold Gases...........................................................17-9

Inertial Navigation System (INS)/Inertial Reference

System (IRS)..............................................................11-69

Injector Torch.................................................................5-8

Inspection.....................................................................4-50

Inspection for Corrosion ..............................................4-92

Inspection, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting of Rubber Deicer Boot Systems..................................................15-20

Adjustments............................................................15-20

Inspection ...............................................................15-21

Operational Checks ................................................15-20

Troubleshooting .....................................................15-20

Inspection of Damage ..................................................4-88

Inspection of Masks and Hoses..................................16-19

Inspection of Riveted Joints.........................................4-91

Inspection Openings...................................................4-108

Inspection Rings.............................................................3-6

Installation of Communication and Navigation Equipment 11-71

Installation of High-Shear Fasteners............................4-49

Installation of Rivets ....................................................4-32

Installation Procedure ..................................................4-52

Installation Procedures.................................................7-57

Installed Fire Extinguishing Systems.........................17-11

CO2 Fire Extinguishing Systems ...........................17-11

Containers...............................................................17-11

Fire Switch .............................................................17-13

• Halogenated Hydrocarbons Fire Extinguishing Systems
• 17-11

Pressure Indication .................................................17-11

• Two-Way Check Valve ..........................................17-12
• Instrument Housings and Handling ...........................10-76
• Instrument Installations and Markings.......................10-77
• Instrument Mounting..............................................10-79

Instrument Panels ...................................................10-77

Instrument Power Requirements ............................10-79

Instrument Range Markings ...................................10-79

Integral Fuel Tanks ....................................................14-21

J

Jet Transport Aircraft Fuel Systems ..........................14-13

Joggling........................................................................4-80

Junkers, Hugo ................................................................1-2

K

Keeping Weight to a Minimum ...................................4-86

Kett Saw.........................................................................4-7

Kevlar®..........................................................................7-5

Kidde System ...............................................................17-3

Automatic Self-Interrogation ...................................17-5

Combination Fire and Overheat Warning ................17-4

Dual-Loop Systems ..................................................17-5

Fault Indication.........................................................17-5

Fire Detection Control Unit (Fire Detection Card) ..17-6 Sensing Element.......................................................17-4

Support Tube Mounted Sensing Elements ...............17-5

System Test ..............................................................17-5

Temperature Trend Indication..................................17-5

L

Lacquers.........................................................................8-4

Laminated Structures .....................................................7-1

landing gear..................................................................1-33

Landing gear ................................................................1-34

• Landing Gear Arrangement .........................................13-2
• Tail Wheel-Type Landing Gear ...............................13-2
• Tricycle-Type Landing Gear ....................................13-3

Landing Gear Repairs ..................................................5-33

• Landing Gear Rigging and Adjustment .....................13-26
• Drag and Side Brace Adjustment ...........................13-27
• Landing Gear Retraction Test ................................13-28
• Landing Gear Safety Devices ....................................13-22

Ground Locks.........................................................13-22

Landing Gear Position Indicators...........................13-23

Landing Gear System Maintenance ...........................13-24

Landing Gear Types.....................................................13-1

Lap Joints .....................................................................5-30

Lap Joint Weld.............................................................5-28

Lap or Scab Patch ........................................................4-93

Large Aircraft Hydraulic Systems .............................12-37

Large Aircraft Retraction Systems.............................13-20

Large Coating Containers ..............................................8-6

Large Reciprocating-Engine Aircraft Fuel Systems ..14-12 Lateral Stability............................................................2-10

Lavatory Smoke Detectors.........................................17-16

Lavatory Smoke Detector System .............................17-16

Layout Method.............................................................4-72

Layout or Flat Pattern Development............................4-59

Layout Tools ..................................................................4-3

Layup Materials ...........................................................7-19

Layup Process (Typical Laminated Wet Layup) .........7-28

Layups..........................................................................7-25

Layup Tapes.................................................................7-21

Layup Techniques........................................................7-28

Leading Edge Slat Anti-Ice System.............................15-5

WAI Control System................................................15-6

WAI Ducts................................................................15-5

WAI Indication System............................................15-8

WAI Pressure Sensor................................................15-5

WAI Valve ...............................................................15-5

Leg ...............................................................................4-58

Lift..................................................................................2-6

Light Emitting Diodes................................................11-17

Lightening Holes..........................................................4-81

Lighting and Adjusting the Torch................................5-12

Lightning Protection Fibers ...........................................7-5

Lilienthal, Otto...............................................................1-1

Linseed Oil.....................................................................8-2

Liquid Oxygen .............................................................16-4

• Loading Information onto a Radio Wave ..................11-31
• Amplitude Modulation (AM) .................................11-31
• Single Side Band (SSB) .........................................11-33
• Location and Placement of Marks ...............................8-17

Lockbolt Fastening Systems ........................................4-51

Lockbolt Inspection .....................................................4-52

Lockbolt Removal........................................................4-52

Longeron Repair ........................................................4-103

Longitudinal Stability ..................................................2-10

Low-Pressure Systems ...............................................12-51

M

Machining Processes and Equipment ..........................7-49

Magnesium Welding....................................................5-18

Magnetic Compass.....................................................10-41

Main Rotor System ......................................................1-42

Main Rotor Transmission ............................................2-34

Maintaining Original Contour......................................4-86

Maintaining Original Strength .....................................4-86

Maintenance.................................................................1-36

Maintenance Manual....................................................2-38

Maintenance of Instruments and Instrument Systems

Altimeter Tests .......................................................10-81

• Autopilot System Maintenance ..............................10-83
• LCD Display Screens .............................................10-84
• Magnetic Compass Maintenance and Compensation...... 10-82
• Pitot-Static System Maintenance and Tests ...........10-81
• Tachometer Maintenance .......................................10-81
• Vacuum System Maintenance ................................10-83

Maintenance Procedure..............................................11-75

Major Components of a Laminate .................................7-1

Making Straight Line Bends ........................................4-60

• Male and Female Die Forming ....................................7-55
• Manual Foot-Operated Sheet Metal Shrinker ..............4-26
• Manufacturer’s Inspection Program ............................2-60
• Manufacturer’s Service Information............................2-39
• Manufacturing and In-Service Damage .......................7-12

Marking Method ..........................................................2-32

Marking Tools................................................................4-4

Masking and Applying the Trim..................................8-15

Masking for the Trim ...................................................8-15

Masking Materials .......................................................8-15

Materials ........................................................................6-7

Matrix Imperfections ...................................................7-13

Matrix Materials.............................................................7-6

Maule punch tester.......................................................3-10

Mechanical Control......................................................2-13

• Mechanical-Lock Blind Rivets ....................................4-47
• Mechanical Movement Indicators..............................10-28
• Medium Frequency Vibration......................................2-30
• Metal Decals with Cellophane Backing.......................8-17
• Metal Decals with No Adhesive ..................................8-18
• Metal Decals With Paper Backing...............................8-17
• Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors

(MOSFETs) and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) ............................................11-15

Methylene Chloride .......................................................8-2

Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) .........................................8-1

Microshavers................................................................4-39

mildewicide....................................................................3-7

Mineral Spirits ...............................................................8-2

Minor Core Damage (Filler and Potting Repairs)........7-34

Mixing Equipment .........................................................8-9

Mixing Resins ..............................................................7-29

Moisture Detector ........................................................7-18

monocoque.....................................................................1-7

Monospar .....................................................................1-11

Motion............................................................................2-2

Motors ..........................................................................9-97

Multiple-Disc Brakes .................................................13-46

Multiple Pass Welding.................................................5-26

multispar ......................................................................1-11

Multispar ......................................................................1-11

N

Nacelles........................................................................1-17

Nacelle station..............................................................1-38

Naphtha ..........................................................................8-2

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics ...........4-45

Navigation Instruments................................................10-3

Negligible Damage ......................................................4-90

Neutral axis ..................................................................4-59

Neutral Flame...............................................................5-12

Neutron Radiography...................................................7-18

Newton’s Laws of Motion .............................................2-3

Nibblers..........................................................................4-8

Nick..............................................................................4-90

Nicopress® process......................................................2-40

No Bleedout .................................................................7-28

Noise ............................................................................11-3

Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) of Composites ........7-15

Non-Electric Temperature Indicators ........................10-34

Nonwoven (Knitted or Stitched)....................................7-3

Nose Wheel Steering Systems ...................................13-29

Small Aircraft.........................................................13-29

NOTAR........................................................................1-44

Notcher.........................................................................4-11

Numbering Systems .....................................................1-37

• O
• Octane and Performance Number Rating ....................14-5
• Off Aircraft Brake Servicing and Maintenance .........13-70
• Automatic Adjuster Pins ........................................13-70
• Bolt and Threaded Connections .............................13-70
• Brake Housing and Piston Condition .....................13-71

Discs .......................................................................13-70

Seal Condition ........................................................13-71

Torque Tube ...........................................................13-71

Offset Flapping Hinge..................................................2-29

Ohm’s Law.....................................................................9-1

On Aircraft Servicing.................................................13-66

Onboard Oxygen Generating Systems (OBOGS)........16-5

Open and Closed Bends ...............................................4-72

Open and Closed Skin Area Repair .............................4-97

Open angle ...................................................................4-59

Open assembly time.....................................................6-10

Open End Bend (Less Than 90°) .................................4-73

Open Wiring.................................................................9-77

Operation and Handling Tips.....................................13-90

Braking and Pivoting..............................................13-91

Hydroplaning..........................................................13-92

Landing Field and Hangar Floor Condition ...........13-91

Takeoffs and Landings ...........................................13-91

Taxiing ...................................................................13-91

Opposition to Current Flow of AC ..............................9-11

Apparent Power........................................................9-19

Inductive Reactance .................................................9-11

Parallel AC Circuits..................................................9-18

Power in AC Circuits ...............................................9-19

Resistance.................................................................9-11

True Power ...............................................................9-19

Optical Considerations.................................................7-53

Orange Peel..................................................................8-13

Oscillator Circuits ......................................................11-23

Other Aircraft Inspection and Maintenance Programs 2-64

Outside the Member.....................................................4-99

Oven.............................................................................7-22

Overhead Position Welding .........................................5-28

Oxidizing Flame...........................................................5-12

Oxy-acetylene Cutting .................................................5-13

Oxy-acetylene Welding of Ferrous Metals ..................5-15

Oxy-Acetylene Welding of Nonferrous Metals...........5-17

Oxygen...........................................................................5-7

• Oxygen System Inspection and Maintenance ............16-20
• Oxygen Systems and Components...............................16-5
• Oxygen System Servicing..........................................16-16
• P

Paint Booth.....................................................................8-5

Paint Finishes ...............................................................8-18

Paint System Compatibility .........................................8-18

Paint Touchup ..............................................................8-18

Paper Decals.................................................................8-17

Parasite drag...................................................................2-7

Paste Adhesives ...........................................................7-10

Patches .........................................................................4-93

Patch Installation on the Aircraft .................................7-42

Peel Ply ........................................................................7-21

Pens ................................................................................4-4

Pentodes .......................................................................11-5

Perforated Release Film...............................................7-21

Periodic Maintenance Inspections ...............................2-59

Phenolic Resin ...............................................................7-6

Photodiodes and Phototransistors ..............................11-16

Physiology of Flight.....................................................16-1

Piccolo Former.............................................................4-26

Pin Fastening Systems (High-Shear Fasteners) ...........4-49

Pinholes........................................................................8-13

Pinked edge....................................................................3-2

Pitot-Static Pressure-Sensing Flight Instruments.......10-15

Airspeed Indicators.................................................10-23

Altimeters and Altitude ..........................................10-15

Vertical Speed Indicator.........................................10-21

Pitot-Static Systems ...................................................10-11

• Air Data Computers (ADC) and Digital Air Data
• Computers (DADC) ...............................................10-15
• Pitot Tubes and Static Vents ..................................10-11

Pitting...........................................................................4-90

Plasma Arc Cutting ........................................................5-6

Plasma Arc Welding ......................................................5-4

Plastic Media Blasting (PMB) .....................................8-20

Plug Patch ....................................................................6-20

Ply ..................................................................................3-2

Ply Orientation Warp Clock.........................................7-29

Plywood Skin Repairs..................................................6-19

Pneumatic Circular Cutting Saw....................................4-7

Pneumatic Continuous-Loop Systems .........................17-6

Averaging Function..................................................17-6

Discrete Function .....................................................17-7

Pneumatic Deice Boot System for GA Aircraft.........15-12

GA System Operation ............................................15-12

Pneumatic Drill Motors................................................4-14

Pneumatic Power System Maintenance .....................12-51

Pneumatic Rain Removal Systems ............................15-27

Pneumatic Rivet Gun ...................................................4-37

Pneumatic System Components.................................12-47

Air Compressors.....................................................12-48

Check Valves..........................................................12-48

Chemical Drier .......................................................12-49

Control Valves........................................................12-48

Desiccant/Moisture Separator ................................12-49

Filters......................................................................12-49

Relief Valves ..........................................................12-48

Restrictors...............................................................12-49

Variable Restrictor .................................................12-49

Polishing ......................................................................7-57

Polybenzimidazoles (PBI) .............................................7-7

Polyester Fabric Repairs ..............................................3-23

Polyester Resins .............................................................7-6

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)......................................7-7

Polyimides......................................................................7-7

Polyurethane ..................................................................8-4

Poor Adhesion..............................................................8-12

Pop Rivets ....................................................................4-56

Portable Power Drills...................................................4-14

Portable Water Tank Ice Prevention ..........................15-30

Power Factor ................................................................9-19

Powerplant .......................................................... 1-40,2-33

powerplant stations ......................................................1-38

Power Systems .............................................................9-40

Power Tools .................................................................4-37

Power Transfer Unit (PTU) .......................................12-34

Preflight........................................................................2-59

Pre-Impregnated Products (Prepregs) ............................7-8

Preparation of Wood for Gluing ..................................6-10

Preparing Glues for Use...............................................6-11

Prepreg .........................................................................7-25

Press Brake...................................................................4-22

Pressing or clamping time............................................6-10

Pressure ................................................................. 2-1,10-6

Pressure-Driven Gyroscopic Instrument Systems .....10-50

Pressure Instruments ....................................................10-7

Engine Oil Pressure..................................................10-7

Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) ...................................10-9

Fuel Pressure ............................................................10-9

Hydraulic Pressure .................................................10-10

Manifold Pressure.....................................................10-7

Pressure Switches...................................................10-11

Pressure Measuring Instruments ..................................10-3

Pressure of the Atmosphere .......................................16-21

Pressure on the Joint ....................................................6-11

Pressure Regulators........................................................5-7

Pressure Type Sensor Responder Systems ..................17-6

Pressurization.................................................................1-9

Pressurization Issues ..................................................16-23

Prevention of Oxygen Fires or Explosions ................16-20

Primary Flight Controls ...............................................2-10

Primary Flight Control Surfaces ..................................1-23

Primer.............................................................................3-6

Primer and Paint.............................................................8-9

Primers ...........................................................................8-2

Profile drag.....................................................................2-7

Progressive Inspection .................................................2-59

Propeller Deice System..............................................15-22

Electrothermal Propeller Device System ...............15-22

Protective Equipment for Personnel ............................8-21

Puddle ..........................................................................5-15

Pull-Type Blind Bolt....................................................4-53

Pulse Echo Ultrasonic Inspection ................................7-16

Pumps.........................................................................12-14

Hand Pumps ...........................................................12-15

• Power-Driven Pumps .............................................12-15
• Classification of Pumps ......................................12-16
• Constant-Displacement Pumps...........................12-16
• Gear-Type Power Pump .....................................12-16

Gerotor Pump......................................................12-17

Piston Pump ........................................................12-17

Bent Axis Piston Pump....................................12-18

Inline Piston Pump ..........................................12-18

Vane Pump..........................................................12-18

• Variable-Displacement Pump.............................12-19
• Basic Pumping Operation................................12-19
• Depressurized Mode........................................12-21
• Normal Pumping Mode ...................................12-20

Punches ..........................................................................4-4

Purity............................................................................14-7

R

Radio Communication ...............................................11-29

Radiography.................................................................7-18

Radio Navigation .......................................................11-40

• Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)........................11-44
• Collision Avoidance Systems.................................11-55
• Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS) ...11-56
• Distance Measuring Equipment (DME).................11-50
• Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)..................11-63
• Global Positioning System (GPS) ..........................11-68
• Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) ........................11-47
• Compass Locators...............................................11-48

Localizer .............................................................11-48

• Long Range Aid to Navigation System (LORAN) 11-67
• Radar Beacon Transponder ....................................11-53
• Altitude Encoders ...............................................11-55
• Transponder Tests and Inspections.....................11-55

Radio Altimeter ......................................................11-59

Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)............................11-47

VOR Navigation System........................................11-40

Weather Radar........................................................11-61

Radio Transmitters and Receivers .............................11-35

Receivers ................................................................11-36

Transceivers............................................................11-36

Transmitters............................................................11-35

Radio Waves ..............................................................11-30

Radius Dimpling ..........................................................4-42

Radome Repairs ...........................................................7-40

Rain Control Systems ................................................15-26

Ram Air Turbine (RAT) ............................................12-33

Reamers........................................................................4-17

Rebalancing Methods...................................................2-37

Rebalancing Procedures...............................................2-37

Reciprocating Engine...................................................2-33

Reciprocating Engine Fuel—AVGAS.........................14-3

Reciprocating Saw .........................................................4-8

Rectifiers ....................................................................11-17

Red Baron’s Fokker DR-1 .............................................1-3

Red Iron Oxide...............................................................8-3

Reducing Radio Interference .....................................11-73

Regulators ....................................................................5-10

Reinforcing Tape ...........................................................3-4

Rejuvenator ....................................................................3-7

Relative humidity...........................................................2-2

Relays...........................................................................9-98

Release Agents.............................................................7-19

Relief Hole Location....................................................4-72

Remote Indicating Compass ......................................10-43

Remote Indicating Slaved Gyro Compass (Flux Gate

Compass)....................................................................10-44

Remote Sensing and Indication .................................10-24

Removal of Decals.......................................................8-18

Removal of Mechanically Locked Blind Rivets..........4-48

Removal of Pin Rivets .................................................4-50

Removal of Rivets........................................................4-44

Repairability of Sheet Metal Structure ........................4-90

Repair Layout...............................................................4-32

Repair Material Selection ............................................4-92

Repair of Lightening Holes........................................4-100

• Repair of Steel Tubing Aircraft Structure by Welding 5-31
• Repair of Stressed Skin Structure ................................4-93
• Repair of Wood Aircraft Components.........................6-12
• Repair of Wood Aircraft Structures...............................6-6

Repair Parts Layout......................................................4-92

Repair Safety................................................................7-52

Repairs to a Pressurized Area ....................................4-100

Replacement of a Panel................................................4-97

Replacement of Brake Linings...................................13-71

Goodyear Brakes ....................................................13-71

Replacing Rivets ..........................................................4-45

Required Inspections....................................................2-59

Requirements for Overheat and Fire Protection Systems ... 17-1

Resin Injection Repairs ................................................7-39

Respiratory Protection .................................................7-53

retarder ...........................................................................3-7

Reusable Sheet Metal Fasteners...................................4-28

Rib and Web Repair...................................................4-104

Rib Bracing ....................................................................3-4

Rib Lacing....................................................................3-18

Rib Lacing Cord.............................................................3-5

Rigging.........................................................................2-15

Rigging Checks............................................................2-46

Rigging Fixtures...........................................................2-43

Rigging Specifications .................................................2-38

Right Angle and 45° Drill Motors ...............................4-14

Rigid Removable Fuel Tanks.....................................14-18

Rigid Rotor...................................................................2-17

Rigid Rotor System......................................................1-42

Rivet Cutter..................................................................4-35

Rivet Head Shape.........................................................4-31

Riveting Procedure.......................................................4-39

Rivet Layout Example .................................................4-34

Rivet Length.................................................................4-32

Rivet Nut......................................................................4-55

Rivet Pitch....................................................................4-34

Rivet Selection .............................................................4-92

Rivet Sets/Headers .......................................................4-38

Rivet Spacers .................................................................4-4

Rivet Spacing ...............................................................4-33

Rivet Spacing and Edge Distance ................................4-92

Rivet Strength ..............................................................4-32

Room Temperature Curing ..........................................7-32

Rotary Machine............................................................4-23

Rotary Punch Press ......................................................4-10

Rotary-Wing ................................................................2-16

Rotary-wing aircraft.......................................................1-5

Rotor Systems ..............................................................2-17

Rudder..........................................................................1-25

ruddervator...................................................................1-26

S

Safety in the Paint Shop...............................................8-20

Sags and Runs ..............................................................8-13

Sandbag Bumping........................................................4-79

Sandbags ......................................................................4-27

Sandwich Structures............................................ 7-10,7-34

Saturation Techniques..................................................7-29

Sawing..........................................................................7-55

Scales .............................................................................4-3

Scarf Patch ...................................................................6-23

Score ............................................................................4-90

Scratch..........................................................................4-90

Screws and Nutplates in Composite Structures ...........7-49

Scroll Shears ................................................................4-10

Seals ...........................................................................12-34

Backup Rings .........................................................12-36

Gaskets ...................................................................12-36

O-Ring Installation.................................................12-37

O-Rings ..................................................................12-35

O-Ring Color Coding .........................................12-36

Seal Materials.........................................................12-36

U-Ring....................................................................12-35

V-Ring Packings ....................................................12-35

Wipers ....................................................................12-37

Seams ...........................................................................3-14

Seam Welding................................................................5-4

Selvage edge ..................................................................3-2

Semiconductor Diodes .................................................11-8

Semiconductors............................................................11-6

Semicrystalline Thermoplastics .....................................7-7

Semimonocoque.............................................................1-8

Semirigid Rotor............................................................2-17

Semirigid Rotor System...............................................1-42

Sequence for Painting a Single-Engine or Light Twin

Airplane........................................................................8-12

• Series Wound DC Generators......................................9-31
• Servicing Gaseous Oxygen ........................................16-16
• Draining an Oxygen System...................................16-16
• Filling an Oxygen System ......................................16-17
• Leak Testing Gaseous Oxygen Systems ................16-16
• Purging an Oxygen System ....................................16-18

Servicing Shock Struts...............................................13-12

servo tab .......................................................................1-30

Servo tabs.....................................................................2-11

Setback (SB) ................................................................4-59

Sewing Thread ...............................................................3-5

Seyboth ........................................................................3-10

Shear .............................................................................,1-6

• Shear Strength and Bearing Strength...........................4-86
• sheet metal forming and flat pattern layout terminology.... 4-58
• Sheet Metal Hammers and Mallets ..............................4-28
• Sheet Metal Holding Devices ......................................4-28

Sheet Metal Repair.......................................................4-85

Shielded Metal Arc Welding .........................................5-2

Shielding ....................................................................11-72

Shimmy Dampers

Non-Hydraulic Shimmy Damper ...........................13-33

Piston-Type ............................................................13-32

Vane-Type ..............................................................13-32

Shock Absorbing and Non-Shock Absorbing Landing

Gear..............................................................................13-6

Bungee Cord.............................................................13-7

Leaf-Type Spring Gear.............................................13-6

Rigid .........................................................................13-7

Shock Struts..............................................................13-7

Shock Strut Operation................................................13-10

Shop Tools .....................................................................4-9

Shotbags and Weights..................................................7-31

Shrinking............................................................. 4-57,4-75

Shrinking and Stretching Tools ...................................4-26

Shrinking Blocks..........................................................4-27

Shrinking Tools............................................................4-26

Shrink Tape..................................................................7-31

Sight line ......................................................................4-59

Silicon Controlled Rectifiers......................................11-11

Silver Soldering ...........................................................5-20

Single Disc Brakes.....................................................13-42

Fixed-Disc Brakes ..................................................13-44

Floating Disc Brakes ..............................................13-42

Single Rotor Helicopter ...............................................2-16

Single Side Vacuum Bagging ......................................7-31

Single spread................................................................6-10

Siphon Feed Gun............................................................8-7

Size Requirements for Different Aircraft ....................8-17

Skids.............................................................................1-40

Skin Protection.............................................................7-53

Skis...............................................................................1-34

Slats..............................................................................1-29

Sleeve Bolts .................................................................4-55

Slip Roll Former ..........................................................4-22

small airplanes Pump Feed Systems ...............................................14-10

Small Multiengine (Reciprocating) Aircraft Fuel Systems 14-11

High-Wing Twin ....................................................14-12

Low-Wing Twin.....................................................14-11

Small Single-Engine Aircraft Fuel Systems ................14-9

Gravity Feed Systems...............................................14-9

High-Wing Aircraft With Fuel Injection System ...14-10 Smoke Detectors ..........................................................17-8

Ionization Type.........................................................17-8

Light Refraction Type ..............................................17-8

Smoke, Flame, and Carbon Monoxide Detection Systems. 17-8

Snake Attachment ........................................................4-16

Soft or Harsh Flames ...................................................5-13

Soldering ......................................................................5-20

Solenoids......................................................................9-98

Solid Laminates ...........................................................7-38

Solid Release Film .......................................................7-21

Solid Shank Rivet ........................................................4-30

Solid State Magnetometers ........................................10-45

Solid-State Regulators .................................................9-39

Solutions to Heat Sink Problems .................................7-25

Sources of Operating Air ...........................................15-12

Turbine Engine Bleed Air ......................................15-12

Sources of Power for Gyroscopic Instruments ..........10-45

Sources of Pressurized Air.........................................16-24

Turbine Engine Aircraft .........................................16-25

Spar Repair.................................................................4-103

Special Fabric Fasteners ................................................3-5

Specialized Repairs....................................................4-108

Speed Brakes................................................................1-29

Spin Forming ...............................................................4-25

Splayed Patch...............................................................6-20

split flap .......................................................................1-27

spoiler...........................................................................1-29

Spot Welding .................................................................5-4

Spray Dust....................................................................8-15

Spray Equipment............................................................8-5

Spray Gun Operation ...................................................8-10

Spray Guns.....................................................................8-6

Spraying .........................................................................8-4

Spring-Back .................................................................2-44

Spring tabs ...................................................................2-11

Squaring Shear ...............................................................4-9

stabilator.......................................................................1-26

Stability ..........................................................................2-8

Stability Augmentation Systems (SAS).......................2-30

stabilizers .....................................................................1-21

Stabilizer Systems........................................................2-29

Stain .............................................................................4-90

Stainless Steel ..............................................................5-16

stall fence .....................................................................1-33

Stall Warning and Angle of Attack (AOA)Indicators10-32 Static Discharge Wicks ..............................................11-73

Static Stability................................................................2-8

Steel..............................................................................5-15

Step Drill Bits ..............................................................4-16

Storage and Handling...................................................7-53

Storage of Finishing Materials.....................................8-21

Straight Extension........................................................4-16

Straight Line Bends......................................................4-73

Strength Characteristics .................................................7-1

stress analysis.................................................................1-5

Stresses Applied to Rivets ...........................................4-33

Stresses in Structural Members......................................4-1

Stretch Forming .................................................. 4-24,7-54

Stretching ............................................................ 4-57,4-76

Stretching Tools ...........................................................4-26

Stretching With V-Block Method................................4-74

Stringer Repair ...........................................................4-101

Stringers .........................................................................1-8

Stripping the Finish......................................................8-20

Structural Alignment....................................................2-47

Structural Fasteners......................................................4-30

Structural Repair Manual (SRM).................................2-39

Structural Stresses..........................................................1-5

Structural Support During Repair ................................4-91

Subsonic Flow................................................................2-3

Suitable Wood................................................................6-7

Support............................................................ 13-14,13-16

Support Tooling and Molds .........................................7-19

Surface Ignition and Preignition ..................................14-5

Surface Patch ...............................................................6-20

Surface Preparation for Touchup .................................8-19

Surfaces..........................................................................8-9

Surface Tape ..................................................................3-4

Swage-type terminals...................................................2-40

Swash Plate Assembly .................................................2-27

Switches .......................................................................9-95

• Double-pole double-throw (DPDT) .........................9-97
• Double-pole single-throw (DPST) ...........................9-97
• Double-throw switches.............................................9-97
• Precision (Micro) Switches

..................................................................................9-98

Rotary Switches

..................................................................................9-98

Single-pole double-throw (SPDT)............................9-97

Single-pole single-throw (SPST) .............................9-97

Spring loaded switches.............................................9-97

Toggle and Rocker Switches

..................................................................................9-97

Two position switch .................................................9-97

Symmetry Check..........................................................2-49

Synchroscope .............................................................10-31

Synchro-Type Remote-Indicating Instruments..........10-25

DC Selsyn Systems ................................................10-25

Synthetic Enamel ...........................................................8-4

System Air Filters ..........................................................8-6

System Servicing .......................................................16-54

Charging the System ..............................................16-57

Checking Compressor Oil ......................................16-56

Evacuating the System ...........................................16-56

Leak Test ................................................................16-55

Performance Test....................................................16-56

Purging the System.................................................16-56

T

Tabs..............................................................................1-30

Tachometers...............................................................10-28

Electric Tachometers..............................................10-29

Mechanical Tachometers........................................10-28 tail cone........................................................................1-21

Tail Rotor Tracking......................................................2-32

Tail Wheel Gear...........................................................1-35

Tapered Shank Bolt......................................................4-55

Technical Standard Order ..............................................3-3

Technician Certification.............................................16-57

Tee Joints .....................................................................5-30

Temperature and Altitude ..........................................16-22

Temperature Measuring Instruments .........................10-34

Temperature Variations in Repair Zone ......................7-25

Tension..........................................................................,1-6

Tension Regulators ......................................................2-44

Terms Used in the Glue Process ..................................6-10

Testing Glued Joints ....................................................6-12

Tetrodes........................................................................11-5

The Eddie-Bolt® 2 Pin Fastening System ...................4-53

Theory of Refrigeration

Basic Vapor Cycle..................................................16-44

Thermal Electric Anti-Icing.........................................15-9

Thermal Pneumatic Anti-icing.....................................15-4

Thermal Survey............................................................7-25

Thermal Survey of Repair Area...................................7-25

Thermal Switch System ...............................................17-2

Thermocouple Placement.............................................7-24

Thermocouples.............................................................7-24

Thermocouple System .................................................17-2

Thermocouple Temperature Indicators......................10-37

Turbine Gas Temperature Indicating Systems .......10-39

Thermography..............................................................7-18

Thermoplastic Resins.....................................................7-7

Thermoplastics.............................................................7-53

Thermosetting plastics .................................................7-53

Thermosetting Resins.....................................................7-6

thinners...........................................................................3-7

Thinners .........................................................................8-2

Thixotropic Agents ........................................................7-8

Throatless Shear.............................................................4-9

Throttle.........................................................................2-28

Through Transmission Ultrasonic Inspection..............7-16

Thrust .............................................................................2-6

TIG Welding ................................................................5-21

• TIG Welding 4130 Steel Tubing..................................5-22
• TIG Welding Aluminum..............................................5-23
• TIG Welding Magnesium ............................................5-23

TIG Welding Stainless Steel........................................5-22

TIG Welding Titanium ................................................5-23

Tire Classification......................................................13-74

Bias Ply or Radial...................................................13-75

Ply Rating...............................................................13-75

Tube-Type or Tubeless...........................................13-75

Types ......................................................................13-74

Tire Construction .......................................................13-76

Carcass Plies...........................................................13-76

Sidewall..................................................................13-78

Chine...................................................................13-78

Tread.......................................................................13-76

Tire Inspection on the Aircraft...................................13-78

Inflation ..................................................................13-78

Tread Condition......................................................13-79

Tread Damage.....................................................13-81

Tread Depth and Wear Pattern ...........................13-79

Tire Mounting ............................................................13-87

Tubeless Tires.........................................................13-87

Tube-Type Tires .....................................................13-89

Tire Removal .............................................................13-83

Tire Repair and Retreading........................................13-86

Tire Storage................................................................13-86

Titanium.......................................................................4-84

Toluene ..........................................................................8-2

Topcoats.........................................................................3-6

Torch Brazing of Aluminum........................................5-19

Torch Brazing of Steel .................................................5-19

Torch Tips......................................................................5-8

Torque Compensation..................................................2-18

Torque Tubes ...............................................................2-46

Torsion ..........................................................................,1-6

• Total Air Temperature Measurement.........................10-40
• Total developed width (TDW).....................................4-59
• Trailing Edge and Transition Area Patch Repairs .......7-39

Trailing Edge Repair..................................................4-106

Transfer Punch ...............................................................4-6

Transistors..................................................................11-10

Translating Tendency...................................................2-21

Transmission ................................................................1-40

Transmission Lines ....................................................11-74

Transmission System ...................................................2-34

Transparent Plastics .....................................................7-53

Transverse Pitch...........................................................4-34

Triacs..........................................................................11-13

Tricycle gear ................................................................1-36

Trim Controls...............................................................2-11

Triodes .........................................................................11-4

• Troubleshooting the Fuel System ..............................14-45
• Fuel Leak Classification.........................................14-45
• Location of Leaks and Defects...............................14-45
• Replacement of Gaskets, Seals, and Packings .......14-46

truss ................................................................................1-7

Tube Splicing with Inside Sleeve Reinforcement........5-32

Tube Splicing with Outer Split Sleeve Reinforcement 5-32

Turbine Engine Fuels...................................................14-7

Turbine Engine Fuel Issues ......................................14-9

Turbine Engine Fuel Types ......................................14-8

V

Turbine Fuel Volatility.............................................14-7

Turbine Engines ...........................................................1-40

Turnbuckles..................................................................2-44

Turpentine ......................................................................8-2

Two Hole .....................................................................4-15

Tying Wire Bundles.....................................................9-86

Type Certificate Data Sheet .........................................2-38

Types of Damage and Defects .....................................4-89

Types of Drill Bits .......................................................4-16

Types of Fiber ................................................................7-5

Types of Welding...........................................................5-1

• Typical Repairs for Aircraft Structures........................4-97
• U
• Ultrasonic Bondtester Inspection.................................7-17

Ultrasonic Inspection ...................................................7-16

Unidirectional (Tape).....................................................7-3

Unijunction Transistors (UJT) ...................................11-14

Upsetting ......................................................................4-90

Urethane.........................................................................8-3

Urethane Coating ...........................................................8-4

• Use of Bend Allowance Chart for a 90° Bend.............4-64
• Use of Chart for Other Than a 90° Bend .....................4-64
• Using a Formula to Calculate the Setback...................4-63
• Using a J-Chart To Calculate Total Developed Width 4-67
• Using a Setback Chart to Find the Setback..................4-63
• Using a Sheet Metal Brake to Fold Metal....................4-68

Vacuum Bag.................................................................7-21

Vacuum Bagging Techniques ......................................7-31

Vacuum Bag Materials ................................................7-19

Vacuum Compaction Table .........................................7-22

Vacuum Equipment .....................................................7-22

Vacuum Forming With a Female Form .......................7-55

Vacuum Forming Without Forms................................7-55

Vacuum Systems........................................................10-46

• Twin-engine Aircraft Vacuum System Operation..10-49
• Typical Pump-Driven System ................................10-47
• Venturi Tube Systems ............................................10-46

Vacuum Tubes .............................................................11-4

Valves ............................................................. 12-22,16-19

Flow Control Valves ..............................................12-22

Check Valve........................................................12-24

Hydraulic Fuses ..................................................12-26

Orifice-Type Check Valve..................................12-24

Pressure-Controlled Sequence Valve .................12-25

Selector Valves ...................................................12-22

• Sequence Valves.................................................12-24
• Pressure Control Valves .........................................12-27
• Pressure Reducers...............................................12-29
• Pressure Regulators ............................................12-28

Relief Valves ......................................................12-27

Shuttle Valves ........................................................12-29

Shutoff Valves ....................................................12-29

Vapor Cycle Air Conditioning Servicing Equipment 16-50

Full Service Refrigerant Recovery, Recycling, Evacuation, and Recharging Units .........................16-52

Leak Detectors........................................................16-53

Manifold Set, Gauges, Hoses, and Fittings ............16-51

Refrigerant Source..................................................16-52

Vacuum Pumps ......................................................16-52

Vapor Cycle Air Conditioning System Components

Compressor.............................................................16-48

Condenser...............................................................16-48

Evaporator ..............................................................16-47

Expansion Valve.....................................................16-46

Receiver Dryer .......................................................16-45

Refrigerant..............................................................16-44

Service Valves........................................................16-49

Vapor Lock ..................................................................14-3

Varnish...........................................................................8-2

V-Blocks ......................................................................4-27

Velocity..........................................................................2-3

Vertical Flight ..............................................................2-22

Vertical Magnetic Compass.......................................10-43

Vertical Position Welding............................................5-28

vertical stabilizer stations.............................................1-38

very light jet ...................................................................1-4

Vibration Isolation .....................................................11-72

Vinyl Ester Resin ...........................................................7-6

Vinyl Film Decals ........................................................8-18

Viscosity ......................................................................12-1

Viscosity Measuring Cup...............................................8-8

Visual Inspection .........................................................7-15

Volatility ......................................................................14-3

Vortex generators.........................................................1-33

W

Warnings and Cautions ..............................................10-73

Annunciator Systems..............................................10-73

Aural Warning Systems..........................................10-74

Warp Clock ....................................................................7-2

Wash Primers .................................................................8-3

Water..........................................................................17-10

Water line.....................................................................1-37

web members .................................................................1-8

weight.............................................................................2-6

Weight............................................................................2-7

Welded Joints Using Oxy-Acetylene Torch ................5-29

Welding..........................................................................5-1

Welding Eyewear...........................................................5-8

Welding Gases ...............................................................5-6

Welding Hose.................................................................5-7

Wet Layups ..................................................................7-25

Wet or Dry Grinder......................................................4-11

Wheel Construction

Outboard Wheel Half .............................................13-35

Wheel Inspection .......................................................13-36

• Off Aircraft Wheel Inspection................................13-37
• Balance Weights .................................................13-41
• Cleaning the Wheel Assembly............................13-38
• Cleaning the Wheel Bearings .............................13-38
• Disassembly of the Wheel ..................................13-37
• Fusible Plug Inspection.......................................13-41
• Inspection of the Wheel Halves..........................13-40
• Key and Key Screw Inspection...........................13-41
• Wheel Bearing Inspection...................................13-38

Bruising ...........................................................13-39

Flase Brinelling ...............................................13-39

Galling .............................................................13-38

• Overheating .....................................................13-38
• Staining and surface marks..............................13-39
• Wheel Tie Bolt Inspection ..................................13-41

On Aircraft Inspection............................................13-36

Proper Installation ..................................................13-36

• Axle Nut Torque .................................................13-36
• Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) ..............11-69
• Windshield Frost, Fog, and Ice Control Systems

Chemical.................................................................15-30

Electric....................................................................15-28

Pneumatic ...............................................................15-30

Windshield Installation ................................................7-57

Windshield Wiper Systems........................................15-26

Wing and Horizontal and Vertical Stabilizer Anti-icing Systems ........................................................................15-3

Wing and Stabilizer Deicing Systems........................15-11

Wing Anti-ice (WAI) System ......................................15-4

winglet..........................................................................1-32

Winglets .......................................................................2-13

wing rib ........................................................................1-14

Wing Rib Repairs.........................................................6-12

Wing Ribs ....................................................................1-14

Wings .............................................................................1-9

Wing Skin ....................................................................1-16

Wing Spars...................................................................1-12

Wire Groups and Bundles and Routing .......................9-77

Bend Radii................................................................9-79

Clamp Installation ....................................................9-81

• Movable Controls Wiring Precautions.....................9-82
• Protection Against Chafing ......................................9-79
• Protection Against High Temperature......................9-79
• Protection Against Solvents and Fluids ...................9-80
• Protection of Wires in Wheel Well Areas ................9-80

Twisting Wires .........................................................9-78

Wire and Cable Clamp Inspection............................9-82

Wire Identification .......................................................9-76

Placement of Identification Markings ......................9-76

Types of Wire Markings...........................................9-76

Wire Inspection............................................................9-95

Wire Shielding .............................................................9-84

Bonding ....................................................................9-85

• Bonding Jumper Installation ....................................9-86
• Bonding connections ............................................9-86
• Bonding jumper attachment..................................9-86
• Corrosion prevention ............................................9-86
• Corrosion protection .............................................9-86
• Ground return connection .....................................9-86

Grounding.................................................................9-84

Testing of Bonds and Grounds.................................9-86

Wire Size Selection......................................................9-68

• Current Carrying Capacity .......................................9-68
• Allowable Voltage Drop.......................................9-74
• Computing Current Carrying Capacity.................9-70
• Electric Wire Chart Instructions ...........................9-75
• Maximum Operating Temperature .......................9-70
• Wire Termination

AN/MS Connectors ..................................................9-92

Emergency Splicing Repairs ....................................9-91

Junction Boxes .........................................................9-91

Stripping Wire ..........................................................9-87

Terminal Lugs ..........................................................9-90

Aluminum Wire Terminals...................................9-91

Copper Wire Terminals ........................................9-90

Crimping Tools.....................................................9-91

Pre-Insulated Splices ............................................9-91

Terminal Strips.........................................................9-90

Wire Types...................................................................9-64

Areas Designated as Severe Wind and Moisture Problem (SWAMP).................................................................9-68

Conductor .................................................................9-66

Insulation..................................................................9-67

Plating.......................................................................9-66

Wire Shielding..........................................................9-67

Wiring Diagrams..........................................................9-64

Block Diagrams........................................................9-64

Pictorial Diagrams....................................................9-64

Schematic Diagrams.................................................9-64

Wiring Installation .......................................................9-64

Wood Aircraft Construction and Repairs ......................6-1

Wood Condition.............................................................6-4

Working Inconel® Alloys 625 and 718.......................4-82

Working Stainless Steel ...............................................4-82

Working Titanium........................................................4-84

Woven splice................................................................2-39

Wright Brothers .............................................................1-1

Wrinkling .....................................................................8-14

Z

Zener Diodes..............................................................11-10

Zinc Chromate ...............................................................8-3