Private Pilot for Airplane CategoryFAA-S-ACS-6C
Area of Operation V
Performance Maneuvers and Ground Reference Maneuvers
2 Tasks
Task A Steep Turns
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with steep turns.
Knowledge
How to conduct a proper steep turn.
Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:
a. Maintaining coordinated flight
b. Overbanking tendencies
c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
d. Load factor and accelerated stalls
e. Rate and radius of turn
Risk Management
Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Uncoordinated flight.
Skills
Clear the area.
Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed the maneuvering speed (VA).
Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 45° bank.
Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator.
Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
Task B Ground Reference Maneuvers
References
14 CFR part 61; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground reference maneuvering which may include a rectangular course, S-turns, and turns around a point.
Note
The evaluator selects at least one ground reference maneuver for the applicant to demonstrate.
Knowledge
Purpose of ground reference maneuvers.
Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference.
Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn.
Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern.
Risk Management
Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Uncoordinated flight.
Skills
Clear the area.
Select a suitable ground reference area, line, or point as appropriate.
Plan the maneuver:
a. Rectangular course: enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg
b. S-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
c. Turns around a point: enter at an appropriate distance from the reference point, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point.
If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction, as specified by the evaluator.
Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
Maintain altitude ±100 feet; maintain airspeed ±10 knots.