Instrument Rating - AirplaneFAA-S-ACS-8C
Area of Operation VII
Emergency Operations
4 Tasks
Task A Loss of Communications
References
14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with loss of communications while operating solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge
Procedures to follow in the event of lost communication during various phases of flight, including techniques for reestablishing communications, when it is acceptable to deviate from an instrument flight rules (IFR) clearance, and when to begin an approach at the destination.
Risk Management
Possible reasons for loss of communication.
Deviation from procedures for lost communications.
Skills
Recognize a simulated loss of communication.
Simulate actions to re-establish communication.
Determine whether to continue to flight plan destination or deviate.
Determine appropriate time to begin an approach.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task B One Engine Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns (AMEL, AMES)
References
FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with flight solely by reference to instruments with one engine inoperative.
Note
See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight.
Knowledge
Procedures used if engine failure occurs during straight-and-level flight and turns while on instruments.
Risk Management
Identification of the inoperative engine.
Inability to climb or maintain altitude with an inoperative engine.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Fuel management during single-engine operation.
Configuring the aircraft.
Skills
Promptly recognize an engine failure and maintain positive aircraft control.
Set the engine controls, reduce drag, identify and verify the inoperative engine, and simulate feathering of the propeller on the inoperative engine (evaluator should then establish zero thrust on the inoperative engine).
Establish the best engine-inoperative airspeed and trim the airplane.
Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.
Verify the prescribed checklist procedures used for securing the inoperative engine.
Attempt to determine and resolve the reason for the engine failure.
Monitor engine functions and make necessary adjustments.
Maintain the specified altitude ±100 feet or minimum sink rate if applicable, airspeed ±10 knots, and the specified heading ±10°.
Assess the aircraft’s performance capability and decide an appropriate action to ensure a safe landing.
Maintain control and fly within the aircraft’s operating limitations.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task C Instrument Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)
References
14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/ AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with executing a published instrument approach solely by reference to instruments with one engine inoperative.
Note
See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Note
For non-amphibious seaplanes, this task applies only when the applicant has immediate access to an instrument approach to a waterway.
Knowledge
Instrument approach procedures with one engine inoperative.
Risk Management
Potential engine failure during approach and landing.
[Archived]
Configuring the airplane.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Performing a go-around/rejected landing with an engine failure.
Skills
Promptly recognize an engine failure and maintain positive aircraft control.
Set the engine controls, reduce drag, identify and verify the inoperative engine, and simulate feathering of the propeller on the inoperative engine (evaluator should then establish zero thrust on the inoperative engine).
Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.
Follow the manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures and complete the appropriate checklist.
Monitor the operating engine and aircraft systems and make adjustments as necessary.
Request and follow an actual or a simulated air traffic control (ATC) clearance for an instrument approach.
Maintain altitude ±100 feet or minimum sink rate if applicable, airspeed ±10 knots, and selected heading ±10°.
Establish a rate of descent that ensures arrival at the minimum descent altitude (MDA) or decision altitude (DA)/decision height (DH) with the airplane in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made, either straight in or circling as appropriate.
On final approach segment, maintain vertical (as applicable) and lateral guidance within ¾-scale deflection.
Maintain control and fly within the aircraft’s operating limitations.
Comply with the published criteria for the aircraft approach category if circling.
Execute a landing.
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task D Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators
References
14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/ AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
Objective
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with performing an approach solely by reference to instruments with the loss of primary flight control instruments.
Knowledge
Recognizing if primary flight instruments are inaccurate or inoperative, and advising ATC or the evaluator.
Possible failure modes of primary instruments and how to correct or minimize the effect of the loss.
Risk Management
Use of secondary flight displays when primary displays have failed.
Maintaining aircraft control.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills
Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.
Complete a non-precision instrument approach without the use of the primary flight instruments using the skill elements of the non-precision approach Task (see Area of Operation VI, Task A).
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.