Airman Certification Standards
ACS CP.V.F
Steep Approach and Landing
Knowledge
A stabilized steep approach.
Approach techniques and applicability.
Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
Effects of atmospheric conditions on approach and landing performance.
Wind correction techniques.
Aircraft configuration.
Aircraft performance and limitations.
Risk Management
Selection of the approach path and landing area.
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
d. Wake turbulence
e. Vortex ring state (VRS)
f. Landing point condition
Planning for:
a. Rejected landing and go-around Commercial Pilot for Powered-Lift Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-2)29
b. Powerplant failure during the approach
Landing in an area or in conditions where a takeoff/climb may not be possible.
Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) and flat light conditions.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skill
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Position the flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.
Maintain awareness of aircraft performance, limitations, and relative position throughout the maneuver.
Arrive over the touchdown point on the surface ±5 feet from intended landing point or, at the discretion of the evaluator, at a stabilized hover ±5 feet height.
Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.