Airman Certification Standards
ACS CP.V.E
Normal Approach and Landing
Knowledge
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach speed and angle.
Atmospheric factors affecting performance.
Use of proper thrust vector angle for transition to landing.
Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
Risk Management
Selection of runway or takeoff path based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
a. Crosswind
b. Windshear
d. Wake turbulence
e. Runway/heliport/helipad surface, condition, and length
Situations including:
a. Rejected landing and go-around
b. Powerplant failure during the approach
Collision hazards.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skill
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
Comply with noise abatement procedures.
Make radio calls as appropriate.
Verify assigned/correct runway/landing point if at an airport. Commercial Pilot for Powered-Lift Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-2)28
Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
Maintain a stabilized approach profile.
Use manufacturer's recommended technique and remain within airspeed range allowed for each configuration change.
Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.