Airman Certification Standards
ACS AI.II.F
Performance and Limitations
Knowledge
Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance.
Factors affecting performance, including:
a. Atmospheric conditions
b. Pilot technique
c. Airplane configuration
d. Airport environment
e. Loading and weight and balance
Weight and balance terms, including: basic empty weight, maximum gross weight, arm, moment, reference datum, center of gravity (CG) and CG limits, and useful load.
Methods for computing CG.
Aerodynamics.
Risk Management
Use of performance charts, tables, and data.
Airplane limitations.
Possible differences between calculated performance and actual performance.
Exceeding weight limits.
Operating outside of CG limits.
Shifting, adding, and removing weight.
Skill
Use the appropriate airplane performance charts, tables, and data.
Compute the weight and balance, correct out-of-center of gravity loading errors and determine if the weight and balance remains within limits during all phases of flight. 14
Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.