14 CFR · Part 61

14 CFR § 61.127

Flight proficiency.

This reproduces published FAA reference text for study. It does not replace the current official FAA publication or regulation.

(a)

General. A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

(b)

Areas of operation. (1) For an airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and seaplane base operations;

(iv)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(v)

Performance maneuvers;

(vi)

Ground reference maneuvers;

(vii)

Navigation;

(viii)

Slow flight and stalls;

(ix)

Emergency operations;

(x)

High-altitude operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

(2)

For an airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and seaplane base operations;

(iv)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(v)

Performance maneuvers;

(vi)

Navigation;

(vii)

Slow flight and stalls;

(viii)

Emergency operations;

(ix)

Multiengine operations;

(x)

High-altitude operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

(3)

For a rotorcraft category rating with a helicopter class rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and heliport operations;

(iv)

Hovering maneuvers;

(v)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(vi)

Performance maneuvers;

(vii)

Navigation;

(viii)

Emergency operations;

(ix)

Special operations; and

(x)

Postflight procedures.

(4)

For a rotorcraft category rating with a gyroplane class rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport operations;

(iv)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(v)

Performance maneuvers;

(vi)

Ground reference maneuvers;

(vii)

Navigation;

(viii)

Flight at slow airspeeds;

(ix)

Emergency operations; and

(x)

Postflight procedures.

(5)

For a powered-lift category rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and heliport operations;

(iv)

Hovering maneuvers;

(v)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(vi)

Performance maneuvers;

(vii)

Navigation;

(viii)

Slow flight and stalls;

(ix)

Emergency operations;

(x)

High-altitude operations;

(xi)

Special operations; and

(xii)

Postflight procedures.

(6)

For a glider category rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and gliderport operations;

(iv)

Launches and landings;

(v)

Performance speeds;

(vi)

Soaring techniques;

(vii)

Performance maneuvers;

(viii)

Navigation;

(ix)

Slow flight and stalls;

(x)

Emergency operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

(7)

For a lighter-than-air category rating with an airship class rating:

(i)

Fundamentals of instructing;

(ii)

Technical subjects;

(iii)

Preflight preparation;

(iv)

Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;

(v)

Preflight procedures;

(vi)

Airport operations;

(vii)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(viii)

Performance maneuvers;

(ix)

Navigation;

(x)

Emergency operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

(8)

For a lighter-than-air category rating with a balloon class rating:

(i)

Fundamentals of instructing;

(ii)

Technical subjects;

(iii)

Preflight preparation;

(iv)

Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;

(v)

Preflight procedures;

(vi)

Airport operations;

(vii)

Launches and landings;

(viii)

Performance maneuvers;

(ix)

Navigation;

(x)

Emergency operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

Reflects the eCFR edition current as of July 6, 2026. Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.

14 CFR § 61.127

Flight proficiency.

This reproduces published FAA reference text for study. It does not replace the current official FAA publication or regulation.

(a)

(b)

Areas of operation. (1) For an airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and seaplane base operations;

(iv)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(v)

Performance maneuvers;

(vi)

Ground reference maneuvers;

(vii)

Navigation;

(viii)

Slow flight and stalls;

(ix)

Emergency operations;

(x)

High-altitude operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

(2)

For an airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and seaplane base operations;

(iv)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(v)

Performance maneuvers;

(vi)

Navigation;

(vii)

Slow flight and stalls;

(viii)

Emergency operations;

(ix)

Multiengine operations;

(x)

High-altitude operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

(3)

For a rotorcraft category rating with a helicopter class rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and heliport operations;

(iv)

Hovering maneuvers;

(v)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(vi)

Performance maneuvers;

(vii)

Navigation;

(viii)

Emergency operations;

(ix)

Special operations; and

(x)

Postflight procedures.

(4)

For a rotorcraft category rating with a gyroplane class rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport operations;

(iv)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(v)

Performance maneuvers;

(vi)

Ground reference maneuvers;

(vii)

Navigation;

(viii)

Flight at slow airspeeds;

(ix)

Emergency operations; and

(x)

Postflight procedures.

(5)

For a powered-lift category rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and heliport operations;

(iv)

Hovering maneuvers;

(v)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(vi)

Performance maneuvers;

(vii)

Navigation;

(viii)

Slow flight and stalls;

(ix)

Emergency operations;

(x)

High-altitude operations;

(xi)

Special operations; and

(xii)

Postflight procedures.

(6)

For a glider category rating:

(i)

Preflight preparation;

(ii)

Preflight procedures;

(iii)

Airport and gliderport operations;

(iv)

Launches and landings;

(v)

Performance speeds;

(vi)

Soaring techniques;

(vii)

Performance maneuvers;

(viii)

Navigation;

(ix)

Slow flight and stalls;

(x)

Emergency operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

(7)

For a lighter-than-air category rating with an airship class rating:

(i)

Fundamentals of instructing;

(ii)

Technical subjects;

(iii)

Preflight preparation;

(iv)

Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;

(v)

Preflight procedures;

(vi)

Airport operations;

(vii)

Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

(viii)

Performance maneuvers;

(ix)

Navigation;

(x)

Emergency operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

(8)

For a lighter-than-air category rating with a balloon class rating:

(i)

Fundamentals of instructing;

(ii)

Technical subjects;

(iii)

Preflight preparation;

(iv)

Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;

(v)

Preflight procedures;

(vi)

Airport operations;

(vii)

Launches and landings;

(viii)

Performance maneuvers;

(ix)

Navigation;

(x)

Emergency operations; and

(xi)

Postflight procedures.

Reflects the eCFR edition current as of July 6, 2026. Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.