14 CFR § 61.103

Be at least 17 years of age for a rating in other than a glider or balloon.

Be at least 16 years of age for a rating in a glider or balloon.

Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft.

Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:

Conducted the training or reviewed the person's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.105(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and

Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test.

Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.105(b) of this part.

Receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:

Conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and

Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test.

Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought before applying for the practical test.

Pass a practical test on the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought.

Comply with the appropriate sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

Hold a U.S. student pilot certificate, sport pilot certificate, or recreational pilot certificate.