PP-ASE Lesson Plan - Night Operations Flight Activity A211209-01-20210706

WINGS ASEL Private Pilot NIGHT OPERATONS

Lesson Plan

WINGS Flight Activity A211209-01

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this WINGS Flight activity is to introduce, develop, review, or improve the airman’s knowledge and understanding in all areas of night operations; with emphasis on improving aeronautical decision making and to determine that the airman exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with preparing for and executing safe flight in night operations.

SCHEDULE:

Discussion

EQUIPMENT:

TIME:

ACTIVITY:

Ground Discussion

Ground Preflight

Flight

Debrief

TOTAL:

Est.

1.0

.6

1.5

.5

3.6

ELEMENTS:

1. Physiological aspects of night flying 2. Night Vision 3. Night Optical Illusions 4. Night Orientation 5. Night Disorientation 6. 5P’s 7. Navigation and Chart Reading

Techniques

8. Route – Lateral Navigation and

Vertical Navigation by Pilotage

9. Taxi, Departure, Enroute, Descent, Approach, Landing Hazards 10. Communications 11. Use of Automation 12. Pilot Essential Night Flight Equipment 13. Navigation Log 14. Flight plan (VFR) 15. Airport Facility Directory 16. Airman’s Information Manual (AIM) 17. Weather – Takeoff, departure, enroute, approach and landing

18. Notices to Airmen (NOTSMS) /

Terminal Flight Restrictions (TRFs) 19. Density Altitude 20. Effect of Wind 21. Airport and Navigation Lighting Aids 22. Airplane Lighting and Equipment 23. Plans for Diversion 24. Ice and Frost 25. Runway Conditions 26. Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) or Pilots Operating Handbook (POH) 27. Aircraft Maintenance/Inspections 28. Aircraft Inoperative Items 29. Aircraft Performance 30. Night Flight Preparation and Preflight 31. Starting, Taxiing and Run-Up 32. Takeoff and Departure Climb 33. Orientation and Navigation 34. Approaches and Landings 35. Safety Precautions 36. Pilot Controlled Lighting 37. Night Emergencies / Abnormal

Procedures

38. Key elements during taxi phase – emphasis on night operations

39. Key elements during enroute phase – emphasis on night operations

40. Key elements during descent phase – emphasis on night operations

41. Key elements during approach phase – emphasis on night operations

42. Key elements during landing phase – emphasis on night operations

43. Key elements during after landing taxi phase – emphasis on night operations

44. Basic Aircraft control elements

COMMON

ERRORS:

1. Inadequate Flight Planning 2. Checklist routine and/or items

bypassed 3. Poor knowledge of Regulations 4. Poor knowledge of lights – airport / aircraft / etc 5. Inadequate scanning techniques 6. Off center viewing technique ignored 7. Poor cockpit management/organization

8. Inadequate instrument cross-check

9. Poor pattern work – final too high or low 10. Poor judgment 11. Slowed reaction time 12. Inattention 13. Ease of distraction 14. “Channelized” attention - fixation 15. Loss of situational awareness 16. Night vision problems 17. Vulnerable to optical illusions 18. Fatigued 19. Electrical system familiarity inadequate

20. Emergency checklist not readily available INSTRUCTORS ACTIONS THE INSTRUCTOR WILL LEAD A THOROUGH DISCUSSION ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS PRIOR TO FLIGHT:

NSTRUCTORS ACTIONS OVERVIEW:

Prior to night flight operations, the instructor and airman will discuss the factors relating to night flying including at least the following:

INSTRUCTORS ACTIONS CONCLUSION AND

EVALUATION

The airman demonstrates understanding of:

The airman demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

NIGHT OPERATIONS SCENARIO

(Example)

(REQUIRED FOR WINGS FLIGHT

ACTIVITIES

THE INSTRUCTOR WILL DEVELOP A HIGHLY STRUCTURED SCRIPT OF REAL WORLD

EXPERIENCES TO MEET THE FLIGHT TRAINING OBJECTIVES IN AN OPERATIONAL

ENVIRONMENT.

THE PLAN:

The plan includes the basic elements of cross-country planning: weather, route, fuel, current publications, etc. The plan also includes all the events that surround the flight and allow the pilot to accomplish the mission. The pilot should review and update the plan at regular intervals in the flight, bearing in mind that any of the factors in the original plan can change at any time. FOR THIS WINGS FLIGHT ACTIVITY: Night VFR cross-country from select your home airport to select an airport at least 30 minutes away from the home airport and return to the home airport

THE PLANE:

The plane includes the airframe, systems, and equipment, including avionics. The pilot should be proficient in the use of all installed equipment as well as familiar with the aircraft/equipment’s performance characteristics and limitations. As the flight proceeds, the pilot should monitor the aircraft’s systems and instruments in order to detect any abnormal indications at the earliest opportunity.

FOR THIS WINGS FLIGHT ACTIVITY: Use your actual aircraft for this WINGS flight activity.

THE PILOT:

The pilot needs to pass the traditional “IMSAFE” checklist. This part of the 5P process helps a pilot identify and mitigate physiological hazards at all stages of the flight.

FOR THIS WINGS FLIGHT ACTIVITY: You are a private pilot with approximately 55 hours of total time, and 21 hours of cross-country experience. You are not instrument-rated. You have not flown at all in two months, and you have never before been to your destination airport.

THE PASSENGERS:

The passengers can be a great help to the pilot by performing tasks such as those listed earlier. However, passenger needs — e.g., physiological discomfort, anxiety about the flight, or desire to reach the destination — can create potentially dangerous distractions. If the passenger is a pilot, it is also important to establish who is doing what. The 5P approach reminds the pilot-incommand to consider and account for these factors.

FOR THIS WINGS FLIGHT ACTIVITY: Your passenger is one of the three aircraft co-owners who is an ATP pilot currently flying for a national airline. You will be dropping him of at your destination airport for a weekend visit. He is 6’ 2” in height and weighs 195 pounds.

THE PROGRAMMING:

The programming can refer to both panel-mounted and hand-held equipment. The task of programming or operating both installed and handheld equipment (e.g., tablets) can create a serious distraction from other flight duties. This part of the 5P approach reminds the pilot to mitigate this risk by having a thorough understanding of the equipment long before takeoff, and by planning in advance when and where the programming for approaches, route changes, and airport information gathering should be accomplished, as well as times it should not be attempted.

FOR THIS WINGS FLIGHT ACTIVITY: If this is a night introductory activity, the flight should be conducted with minimal electronic navigation aids so the airman can develop basic night navigation skills. The electronic navigation aids can be added as the airman acquires skills. For all others use the electronic navigation equipment as installed in the aircraft.