JO 7110.65 6-5-1

Separate aircraft by one of the following methods:

Clear aircraft on different airways or routes whose widths or protected airspace do not overlap.

Clear aircraft below 18,000 to proceed to and report over or hold at different geographical locations determined visually or by reference to NAVAIDs.

Clear aircraft to hold over different fixes whose holding pattern airspace areas do not overlap each other or other airspace to be protected.

Clear departing aircraft to fly specified headings which diverge by at least 45 degrees.