AIM 4-3-13

The following procedures are used by ATCTs in the control of aircraft, ground vehicles, equipment, and personnel not equipped with radio. These same procedures will be used to control aircraft, ground vehicles, equipment, and personnel equipped with radio if radio contact cannot be established. ATC personnel use a directive traffic control signal which emits an intense narrow light beam of a selected color (either red, white, or green) when controlling traffic by light signals.

Although the traffic signal light offers the advantage that some control may be exercised over nonradio equipped aircraft, pilots should be cognizant of the disadvantages which are: Pilots may not be looking at the control tower at the time a signal is directed toward their aircraft.

The directions transmitted by a light signal are very limited since only approval or disapproval of a pilot's anticipated actions may be transmitted. No supplement or explanatory information may be transmitted except by the use of the “General Warning Signal” which advises the pilot to be on the alert.

Between sunset and sunrise, a pilot wishing to attract the attention of the control tower should turn on a landing light and taxi the aircraft into a position, clear of the active runway, so that light is visible to the tower. The landing light should remain on until appropriate signals are received from the tower.

Airport Traffic Control Tower Light Gun Signals. (See TBL 4-3-1 .)

During daylight hours, acknowledge tower transmissions or light signals by moving the ailerons or rudder. At night, acknowledge by blinking the landing or navigation lights. If radio malfunction occurs after departing the parking area, watch the tower for light signals or monitor tower frequency. TBL 4-3-13 Airport Traffic Control Tower Light Gun Signals Meaning

Color and Type of Signal

Movement of Vehicles, Equipment and Personnel

Aircraft on the Ground

Aircraft in Flight

Steady green

Cleared to cross, proceed or go

Cleared for takeoff

Cleared to land

Flashing green

Not applicable

Cleared for taxi

Return for landing (to be followed by steady green at the proper time)

Steady red

STOP

STOP

Give way to other aircraft and continue circling

Flashing red

Clear the taxiway/runway

Taxi clear of the runway in use

Airport unsafe, do not land

Flashing white

Return to starting point on airport

Return to starting point on airport

Not applicable

Alternating red and green

Exercise extreme caution

Exercise extreme caution

Exercise extreme caution