Airman Certification Standards

ACS PA.VIII.A

Straight-and-Level Flight

This reproduces published FAA reference text for study. It does not replace the current official FAA publication or regulation.

Knowledge

Flight instruments as they relate to:

K1a

a. Instrument limitations and potential errors

K1b

b. Indication of the aircraft attitude

K1c

c. Function and operation

K1d

d. Proper instrument cross-check techniques

Risk Management

Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.

When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.

Collision hazards.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Fixation and omission.

Instrument Interpretation.

Control application solely by reference to instruments.

Trimming the aircraft.

Skill

Maintain straight-and-level flight using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.

Maintain altitude ±200 feet, heading ±20°, and airspeed ±10 knots.

Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.