Airman Certification Standards

ACS PA.IX.C

Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

This reproduces published FAA reference text for study. It does not replace the current official FAA publication or regulation.

Knowledge

Causes of partial or complete power loss related to the specific type of powerplant(s).

System and equipment malfunctions specific to the aircraft, including:

K2a

a. Electrical malfunction

K2b

b. Vacuum/pressure and associated flight instrument malfunctions

K2c

c. Pitot-static system malfunction

K2d

d. Electronic flight deck display malfunction

K2e

e. Landing gear or flap malfunction

K2f

f. Inoperative trim

Causes and remedies for smoke or fire onboard the aircraft.

Any other system specific to the aircraft (e.g., supplemental oxygen, deicing).

Inadvertent door or window opening.

Risk Management

Checklist usage for a system or equipment malfunction.

Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Undesired aircraft state.

Startle response.

Skill

Determine appropriate action for simulated emergencies specified by the evaluator, from at least three of the elements or sub-elements listed in K1 through K5.

Complete the appropriate checklist(s).

Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.