Airman Certification Standards
ACS IR.II.B
Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment
Knowledge
Operation of the aircraft’s applicable flight instrument system(s), including:
a. Pitot-static instrument system and associated instruments
b. Gyroscopic/electric/vacuum instrument system and associated instruments
c. Electrical systems, electronic flight instrument displays [primary flight display (PFD), multi- function display (MFD)], transponder and automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B)
d. Magnetic compass
Operation of the aircraft’s applicable navigation system(s), including:
a. Very high frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR), distance measuring equipment (DME), instrument landing system (ILS), marker beacon receiver/indicators 7
b. Area navigation (RNAV), global positioning system (GPS), Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), flight management system (FMS), autopilot
Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
Risk Management
Monitoring and management of automated systems.
Difference between approved and non-approved navigation devices.
Modes of flight and navigation instruments, including failure conditions.
Use of an electronic flight bag.
Use of navigation databases.
Skill
Operate and manage installed instruments and navigation equipment.
Operate and manage an applicant supplied electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.