Airman Certification Standards
ACS AI.XI.A
Straight-and-Level Flight
Knowledge
Flight instruments as they relate to:
a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
b. Indication of the aircraft attitude
c. Function and operation
d. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
Collision hazards.
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Fixation and omission.
Instrument Interpretation.
Control application solely by reference to instruments.
Trimming the aircraft.
Skill
Maintain straight-and-level flight using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
Maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.