Airman Certification Standards
ACS AI.IX.A
Steep Turns
Knowledge
Purpose of and procedures for steep turn.
Pilot sensations and control forces.
Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:
a. Maintaining coordinated flight
b. Overbanking tendencies
c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
d. Load factor and accelerated stalls
e. Rate and radius of turn
Common errors related to this Task.
Risk Management
Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
Collision hazards.
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Uncoordinated flight.
Skill
Clear the area.
Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).
Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 50° bank.
Perform the Task in the opposite direction.
Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task. 59
Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.