Airman Certification Standards
ACS AA.I.D
High-Altitude Aerodynamics (ATP) (AMEL, AMES)
Knowledge
Aerodynamics of large transport category airplanes, including flight characteristics of swept wing airplanes (e.g., Mach buffet). 7
Energy management.
Relationship between Mach number, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and change over altitudes.
Load factor at high altitude and its effect on high and low speed operating margins.
Relationship between altitude capability, weight, and temperature.
Maximum Operating Speed - Knots (VMO) / Maximum Operating Speed - Mach (MMO) convergence and stall angle of attack.
Maximum Lift over Drag Ratio (L/DMAX).
Best range and best endurance.
Factors which contribute to airplane upsets at high altitude and upset prevention and recovery techniques.
Risk Management
Managing the airplane’s energy state.
High operating altitudes at high operational weights.
High altitude slow-downs and excursions behind the power curve.
Turbulence at high altitude.
Skill
If a cruise altitude is reached, manage the airplane’s systems and energy state.
Retrieved from ecfr.gov on July 17, 2026.